Direct Spinal Ventral Root Repair following Avulsion: Effectiveness of a New Heterologous Fibrin Sealant on Motoneuron Survival and Regeneration by Mateus Vidigal de Castro, Roberta Barbizan, Rui Seabra Ferreira, Benedito Barraviera, Alexandre Leite Rodrigues de Oliveira

“…Axonal injuries at the interface between central and peripheral nervous system, such as ventral root avulsion (VRA), induce important degenerative processes, mostly resulting in neuronal and motor function loss. …”
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Shenfu Injection Protects Brain Injury in Rats with Cardiac Arrest through Nogo/NgR Pathway by Haixia Deng, Zhanhong Tang, Peng Tuo, Ruihua Wu, Si Jia, Xuan Zhao, Deqing Huang, Yuguang Gao, Zhou Lan

“…The effect of Shenfu injection on brain injury after cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) along with the underlying mechanism of axonal regeneration was explored. CA/CPR model in rats was established for subsequent experiments. …”
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Peripheral Nerve Ultrasonography in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy and Multifocal Motor Neuropathy: Correlations with Clinical and Neurophysiological Dat... by Aristide Merola, Michela Rosso, Alberto Romagnolo, Erdita Peci, Dario Cocito

“…Higher CSA values were observed in nerves with demyelinating features versus axonal damage (p<0.05 for CIDP; p<0.05 for MMN). Discussion and Conclusions. …”
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miRNAs Participate in MS Pathological Processes and Its Therapeutic Response by Ting Wu, Guangjie Chen

“…It is believed that the increased migration of autoreactive lymphocytes across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) may be responsible for axonal demyelination of neurons. In this review, we discuss microRNAs participating in the pathological processes of MS, including periphery inflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, and CNS lesions, and in its therapeutic response, in order to find biomarkers of disease severity and to predict the response to therapy of the diseases.…”
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Oxytocin: co-evolution of human and domesticated animals by Yu. E. Herbeck, R. G. Gulevich, D. V. Shepeleva, V. V. Grinevich

“…However, as was recently demonstrated in mammals, collaterals of OT axons concomitantly project to various forebrain regions to modulate the activity of local networks. …”
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Siponimod supports remyelination in the non-supportive environment by Johann Krüger, Newshan Behrangi, David Schliep, Leo Heinig, Elise Vankriekelsvenne, Nicole Wigger, Markus Kipp

“…Abstract Inflammatory demyelination, a hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions, leads to functional impairments and progressive axonal loss over time. Although remyelination is thought to protect axons, endogenous regenerative processes are often incomplete or fail entirely in many MS patients. …”
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Unilateral Acute Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy in a Patient with an Already Established Diagnosis of Bilateral Optic Disc Drusen by Ziya Ayhan, Aylin Yaman, Meltem Söylev Bajin, A. Osman Saatci

“…Optic disc drusen (ODD) are calcific deposits that form in the optic nerve head secondary to abnormalities in axonal metabolism and degeneration. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, central retinal artery, and vein occlusion are among the rare vascular complications of disc drusen. …”
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Expression pattern of Calbindin-D28k, NeuN proteins, ATOH1 and EN2 genes in the human fetal cerebellum by Phanindra Prasad Poudel, Arnab Ghosh, Chacchu Bhattarai, Saman Pradhan, Nirmal Panthi, Dela Singh Joshi, Shanti Khadka, Sandhya Kumari, Guruprasad Kalthur, R. Vani Lakshmi, Sneha Guruprasad Kalthur

“…Results: Calbindin-D28k was highly immunoreactive in the Purkinje cells and located in their cytoplasm, nucleus and dendrites whereas absent in their axons. NeuN was expressed weakly in the perinuclear cytoplasm and nucleus of granule cells whereas absent in their dendrites and axons. …”
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Neurosarcoidosis camouflaging as partial miller: Fisher syndrome by B N Shiva Prasad, Subramanian Ramaswamy, Aumir Moin, Srinivas Nalloor

“…Peripheral neuropathy is one of them. Symmetrical axonal type sensory-motor polyneuropathy is the most common form; focal and multifocal neuropathy, polyradiculopathy, and vascular neuropathy are among the others. …”
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Guillain–barre syndrome as a presenting feature of systemic lupus erythematosus in a child and it's complete resolution with rituximab treatment by Rahul Reddy, Anu Punnen, Annie Bella, Sathish Kumar

“…We report a 9-year-old girl who presented with acute motor axonal polyradiculoneuropathy and noticed to have features of SLE. …”
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Myocarditis with neurological and dermatological involvement in idiopathic Hypereosinophilic syndrome: Case report by Merimi Ihssane, Mrabet Asmae, Abarkane Nisrine, Bennesser Alaoui Habiba, Noha Elouafi, Nabila Ismaili

“…The clinical manifestations are highly variable, ranging from mild or asymptomatic presentations to acute fulminant myocarditis or chronic restrictive cardiomyopathy.We report a case of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, characterized by eosinophilic myocarditis, alongside axonal and dermatological involvement. During the follow-up period, the patient demonstrated significant clinical and echocardiographic improvement under corticotherapy and heart failure management, including normalization of eosinophil counts.…”
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Management of Cerebellar Tonsillar Herniation following Lumbar Puncture in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension by Kenneth R. Hoffman, Sean W. Chan, Andrew R. Hughes, Stephen J. Halcrow

“…We hypothesize that the changes in brain compliance that are thought to occur in the setting of idiopathic intracranial hypertension are protective against further neuronal injury due to axonal stretch following decompressive craniectomy.…”
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The potential therapeutic effects of coenzyme Q10 on the sciatic nerve regeneration following short- and long-term injury by Ahmed Omer Mead, Berrin Zuhal Altunkaynak, Süleyman Kaplan

“…Results: The number of myelinated axons was higher in the LTI group according to the Cont and the sham groups. …”
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Neurofilament Light Chain Assessment in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Distal Symmetrical Polyneuropathy by Israa Abdelmalik Salem, Sura Ahmed Abdulsattar, Haider Fadhil Alrubaye

“… Background: A neuron-specific cytoskeletal protein called Neurofilament light chain is present in the cytoplasm of myelinated axons especially those with a large diameter which is essential for maintaining the size as well as for structural support.   …”
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The role of olfactory transport in the penetration of manganese oxide nanoparticles from blood into the brain by A. V. Romashchenko, M. B. Sharapova, К. N. Morozova, E. V. Kiseleva, K. E. Kuper, D. V. Petrovskii

“…The effect of intranasal application of endocytosis and axonal transport inhibitors on the brain accumulation patterns of intranasally or intravenously injected Mn3O4-NPs was evaluated. …”
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The Role of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Optic Nerve Head Edema: A Narrative Review by Narges Karrabi, Sadid Hooshmandi, Alireza Amirabadi, Danial Roshandel, Kiana Hassanpour, Mohammad Pakravan

“…ONH vessel abnormalities are among the earliest signs of impaired axonal transportation. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a noninvasive method for imaging ONH and peripapillary vessels and has been used extensively for studying vascular changes in ONH disorders, including ONH edema. …”
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Social Experience-Dependent Myelination: An Implication for Psychiatric Disorders by Michihiro Toritsuka, Manabu Makinodan, Toshifumi Kishimoto

“…Myelination is one of the strategies to promote the conduction velocity of axons in order to adjust to evolving environment in vertebrates. …”
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Distinct mechanisms of electroacupuncture and manual acupuncture in modulating hypothalamic GnRH–tanycyte unit function of polycystic ovary syndrome by Yu Wang, Yicong Wang, Yuning Chen, Wenhan Lu, Xiaoyu Tong, Jiajia Li, Wenhao Gao, Rui Huang, Wei Hu, Yi Feng

“…Results EA significantly alleviated neuroendocrine dysfunction in PCOS-like mice by restoring the density and coverage of GnRH axonal projections. MA displayed similar therapeutic effects but had less pronounced effects on GnRH axons. …”
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Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Multiple Sclerosis by Wenjing Cheng, Guangjie Chen

“…Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease with classical traits of demyelination, axonal damage, and neurodegeneration. The migration of autoimmune T cells and macrophages from blood to central nervous system as well as the destruction of blood brain barrier are thought to be the major processes in the development of this disease. …”
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Biomarkers of Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Some Recent Progress, More Still to Be Explored by Ying Wang, Shuang Sun, Jie Zhu, Li Cui, Hong-Liang Zhang

“…Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), the axonal subtype of which is mainly triggered by C. jejuni with ganglioside-mimicking lipooligosaccharides (LOS), is an immune-mediated disorder in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) accompanied by the disruption of the blood-nerve barrier (BNB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (B-CSF-B). …”
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