Electroacupuncture-Regulated miR-34a-3p/PDCD6 Axis Promotes Post-Spinal Cord Injury Recovery in Both In Vitro and In Vivo Settings by Lili Ma, Lizhong Ma, Yu Yang, Ting Chen, Limin Wang, Qilong Deng

“…Notably, in the post-SCI rat model, exogenous miR-34a-3p agomir obviously inhibited the expression of PDCD6 at the protein level and promoted neuronal proliferation, motoneurons regeneration, and axonal myelination. The restorations at cellular level might contribute to the improved hindlimbs functions of post-SCI rats, which was manifested by the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor test. …”
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Construction of an lncRNA-mediated ceRNA network to investigate the inflammatory regulatory mechanisms of ischemic stroke. by Meimei Xu, Shan Yuan, Xing Luo, Mengsi Xu, Guangze Hu, Zhe He, Xinyuan Yang, Rui Gao

“…These molecules were shown to participate extensively in post-stroke processes, including angiogenesis, axonal regeneration, inflammatory responses, microglial activation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, and thrombocytopenia. …”
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Intraparenchymal Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Transplantation for Ischemic Stroke Animals: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review by Hailong Huang, Kun Qian, Xiaohua Han, Xin Li, Yifeng Zheng, Zhishui Chen, Xiaolin Huang, Hong Chen

“…Intriguingly, endogenous apoptosis inhibition and axonal regeneration played the most critical role in intraparenchymal NSPC transplantation among the cellular mechanisms. …”
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White matter hyperintensities and cholinergic degeneration as Lewy body disease by Sungwoo Kang, Seun Jeon, Yeoju Kim, Su‐Hee Jeon, Minsun Choi, Young‐gun Lee, Mijin Yun, Byoung Seok Ye

“…Anterior periventricular WMHs may represent axonal alterations caused by the interplay between Lewy body‐related degeneration and vascular pathologies.…”
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Acute therapeutic effects and pathophysiology of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis neuropathy by Fumitaka Shimizu, Mariko Oishi, Toshihiko Maeda, Yukio Takeshita, Hideaki Nishihara, Ryota Sato, Takashi Kanda, Masayuki Nakamori, Michiaki Koga, Miwako Fujisawa, Yuki Mizumoto, Nanami Yamanaka, Takashi Nawata, Tatsuya Okafuji, Susumu Fujikawa, Kinya Matsuo, Joe Nemoto, Masaya Honda

“…Intrafascicular oedema was found in 95% of all patients.Discussion Our results suggest three pathological pathways: (1) ischaemic peripheral nerve due to vasculitis mainly in ANCA-positive cases, (2) direct infiltration and degranulation of eosinophils in ANCA-negative cases and (3) progression of axonal ischaemia due to intrafascicular oedema in both cases. …”
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Programmed neurite degeneration in human central nervous system neurons driven by changes in NAD+ metabolism by Markus Brüll, Selina Multrus, Michael Schäfer, Ivana Celardo, Christiaan Karreman, Marcel Leist

“…As a third approach to investigate the role of altered NAD+ metabolism, we made use of the WLD(s) protein, which has been found in a mutant mouse to inhibit Wallerian degeneration of axons. This protein, which has a stable NMNAT activity, and thus can buffer the loss of NMNAT2, protected the neurites by stabilizing neurite NAD+ levels. …”
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Understanding Autoimmune Mechanisms in Multiple Sclerosis Using Gene Expression Microarrays: Treatment Effect and Cytokine-related Pathways by A. Achiron, M. Gurevich, D. Magalashvili, I. Kishner, M. Dolev, M. Mandel

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system disease in which activated autoreactive T-cells invade the blood brain barrier and initiate an inflammatory response that leads to myelin destruction and axonal loss. The etiology of MS, as well as the mechanisms associated with its unexpected onset, the unpredictable clinical course spanning decades, and the different rates of progression leading to disability over time, remains an enigma. …”
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Sciatic nerve analysis in thyroid hormone transporters Mct8 and Oatp1c1 knockout mice by Steffen Mayerl, Andrea Alcaide Martin, Reinhard Bauer, Heike Heuer

“…Results: We detected MCT8 protein expression in sciatic nerve axons, whereas OATP1C1 expression was observed in a subset of endothelial cells early in postnatal development. …”
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The Development of Methods of BLOTCHIP^®-MS for Peptidome: Small Samples in Tuberous Sclerosis by Kunio Yui, George Imataka, Kotaro Yuge, Hitomi Sasaki, Tadashi Shiohama, Kyoichi Asada, Hidehisa Tachiki

“…Mutations in TSC1 or TSC2 in axons induce tuberous sclerosis complex. Neurological manifestations mainly include epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). …”
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Electrophysiological Characterization of Neuropathy Complicating Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus by Nimat Abuelwafaa, Hana Ahmed, Ilham Omer, Mohamed Abdullah, Ammar Ahmed, Afraa Musa

“…Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) involves sensory and motor nerves, resulting in demyelination as well as axonal degeneration. This study was conducted to describe the pattern of lower limb nerve involvement in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) based on the parameters of nerve conduction study (NCS). …”
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Application of stem cells alone and in combination with low-level laser therapy for sciatic nerve repair in rats by Mohsen Shalalvand, Hamidreza Mahaseni Aghdam, Ahmad Asghari, Siamak Nehzat, Fatemeh Shahsavari, Rojin Ardalani

“…At both 5 and 12 weeks, axonal count and nerve repair scores showed no significant differences among the three groups (P > 0.05). …”
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Preservation of cellular structure via immersion fixation in brain banking by Macy Garrood, Emma L. Thorn, Adam Goldstein, Allison Sowa, William Janssen, Alyssa Wilson, Claudia S. López, Raakhee Shankar, Erin S. Stempinski, Kurt Farrell, John F. Crary, Andrew T. McKenzie

“…Using serial block face scanning electron microscopy, we also found that myelinated axons on 2D images can be traced with high fidelity from one image to the next, even at PMIs of up to 27 hours. …”
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Development and in vitro evaluation of biomimetic injectable hydrogels from decellularized human nerves for central nervous system regeneration by Gopal Agarwal, Kennedy Moes, Christine E. Schmidt

“…Overall, iHPN is a novel injectable hydrogel that has potential for minimally invasive CNS applications, such as a carrier for cell or drug delivery and/or a biomaterial to support axonal growth.…”
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Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Ocular Hypertension-Induced Retinal Neuroinflammation via Toll-Like Receptor 4 Pathway by Shangli Ji, Jie Xiao, Jian Liu, Shibo Tang

“…Glaucoma is characterized by progressive, irreversible damage to the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons. Our previous study has shown that the intravitreal transplantation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) reveals a neuroprotective role in microsphere injection-induced ocular hypertension (OHT) rat models. …”
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Functional Evaluation of the Visual Pathway in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Using a Multifunction Stimulator Monitor by M. Satue, L. Jarauta, J. Obis, M. Cipres, M. J. Rodrigo, C. Almarcegui, I. Dolz, J. R. Ara, J. Martin, L. E. Pablo, E. Garcia-Martin

“…This device may be a fast and useful tool to provide a full evaluation of axonal damage in patients with multiple sclerosis.…”
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Guillain-Barré syndrome following falciparum malaria infection: a case report by Molla Asnake Kebede, Alemayehu Beharu Tekle, Misikir Alemu Eshetu, Erkyehun Pawlos Shash, Melaku Tsediew Berhanu, Elias Tabiet Ahmed, Hashime Meketa Negatie

“…Although the specific subtype (demyelinating or axonal) was not determined in this case due to the absence of a nerve conduction study, demyelinating subtypes have been found in GBS following Plasmodium infection. …”
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Bioelectric stimulation outperforms brain derived neurotrophic factor in promoting neuronal maturation by María del Pilar Diego-Santiago, María Ujué González, Esther María Zamora Sánchez, Nuria Cortes-Carrillo, Carlos Dotti, Francesc Xavier Guix, Sahba Mobini

“…Increased accumulated charge facilitates the development of complex neuronal morphologies and axonal ramification, outperforming exogenous neurotrophic factors. …”
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The Impact of Optical Undersampling on the Ca2+ Signal Resolution in Ca2+ Imaging of Spontaneous Neuronal Activity by Katarina D. Milicevic, Violetta O. Ivanova, Tina N. Brazil, Cesar A. Varillas, Yan M.D. Zhu, Pavle R. Andjus, Srdjan D. Antic

“…Small-amplitude Ca2+ transients, undetectable at 14 Hz, became evident at 500 Hz, particularly in the neuropil (putative dendrites and axons), but not in nearby cell bodies. Large Ca2+ transients exhibited greater amplitudes and faster temporal dynamics in dendrites compared with somas, potentially due to the higher surface-to-volume ratio of dendrites. …”
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Morphometric and Growth Pattern Analysis of Corpus Callosum in Paediatric Population on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Retrospective Observational Study by Sweta Swaika, Harshit Koshta, Apurva Shukla

“…Introduction: There is development and myelination of axons within the Corpus Callosum (CC) in children and early adulthood, causing modifications in its various dimensions. …”
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Preconditioning of Rat Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells with Toll-Like Receptor Agonists by Fabiana Evaristo-Mendonça, Gabriela Sardella-Silva, Tais Hanae Kasai-Brunswick, Raquel Maria Pereira Campos, Pablo Domizi, Marcelo Felippe Santiago, Ricardo Augusto de Melo Reis, Rosalia Mendez-Otero, Victor Túlio Ribeiro-Resende, Pedro Moreno Pimentel-Coelho

“…LPS-preconditioned cells, however, were slightly more efficient in increasing the number of regrowing axons in a model of sciatic nerve transection in rats. …”
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