Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) and Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs): Two Potential Targets for COVID-19 Treatment by Sebastiano Cicco, Gerolamo Cicco, Vito Racanelli, Angelo Vacca

“…One of the main defence systems is the activation of neutrophils that release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) under the stimulus of autophagy. Various molecules can induce NETosis and autophagy; some potent activators are damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and, in particular, the high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). …”
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Whole organism and tissue-specific analysis of pexophagy in Drosophila by Francesco G. Barone, Marco Marcello, Sylvie Urbé, Natalia Sanchez-Soriano, Michael J. Clague

“…We have generated transgenic Drosophila melanogaster models expressing fluorescent reporters for the selective autophagy of peroxisomes, a process known as pexophagy. …”
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Phase I trial of hydroxychloroquine to enhance palbociclib and letrozole efficacy in ER+/HER2− breast cancer by Akshara Singareeka Raghavendra, Nicole M. Kettner, Danielle Kwiatkowski, Senthil Damodaran, Yan Wang, David Ramirez, Dan S. Gombos, Kelly K. Hunt, Yu Shen, Khandan Keyomarsi, Debu Tripathy

“…The autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) induced on-target senescence at lower palbociclib doses. …”
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lncRNA-Triggered Macrophage Inflammaging Deteriorates Age-Related Diseases by Lulingxiao Nie, Peng Zhang, Qian Wang, Xinyi Zhou, Qi Wang

“…A chronic, low-grade, subclinical inflammation called inflammaging occurs during aging. Autophagy defects, oxidative stresses, senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs), and DNA damage generally contribute to inflammaging and are largely regulated by numerous lncRNA through two-level vicious cycles disrupting cellular homeostasis: (1) inflammaging and the cellular senescence cascade and (2) autophagy defects, oxidative stress, and the SASP cascade. …”
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Dual-mode-driven nanomotors targeting inflammatory macrophages for the MRI and synergistic treatment of atherosclerosis by Min Wei, Qiaoji Jiang, Shuang Bian, Pengzhao Chang, Bangbang Li, Changzhou Shi, Yangang Zhu, Yanchen Wang, Pingfu Hou, Jingjing Li

“…The released RAPA could inhibit the inflammatory side effects caused by photothermal effects, and promote macrophage autophagy to hinder the development of AS. The dual-mode propulsion nanomotors combining with the synergistic therapy of photothermal treatment, anti-inflammatory and pro-autophagy provided improved theranositc effect of AS. …”
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Brain network and energy imbalance in Parkinson’s disease: linking ATP reduction and α-synuclein pathology by Hirohisa Watanabe, Sayuri Shima, Kazuya Kawabata, Yasuaki Mizutani, Akihiro Ueda, Akihiro Ueda, Mizuki Ito, Mizuki Ito

“…This ATP decline may result in α-synuclein accumulation, autophagy-lysosomal system impairment, neuronal network breakdown and accelerated neurodegeneration. …”
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Cordycepin Protects against Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Inhibiting MAPK/NF-κB Pathway by Jiameng Ding, null WenjuanYang, Yuhui Jiang, Jie Ji, Jie Zhang, Liwei Wu, Jiao Feng, Yuanyuan Zheng, Yan Li, Ziqi Cheng, Qiang Yu, Jianye Wu, Jingjing Li, Kan Chen, Chuanyong Guo

“…As compared with the HIRI group, cordycepin pretreatment mitigated the inflammatory response and inhibited apoptosis and autophagy via regulation of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.…”
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Upregulation of PGC-1α Attenuates Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Induced Hippocampal Neuronal Injury by Bin Han, Hui Zhao, Xingji Gong, Jinping Sun, Song Chi, Tao Liu, Anmu Xie

“…The further bioinformatics analysis from ChIP-Seq data indicated that PGC-1α may participate in the regulation of apoptosis, autophagy, and mitophagy pathways in HT-22 cells. We found that PGC-1α promoted the LC3-II formation and reduced the neuronal apoptosis determined by TUNEL staining. …”
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Podophyllotoxin mediates hepatic toxicity via the C5a/C5aR/ROS/NLRP3 and cGMP/PKG/mTOR axis in rats based on toxicological evidence chain (TEC) concept by phosphoproteomic analysis by Chuanxin Liu, Xiaobin Huang, Jiao Kong, Xuejiao Li, Yuming Wang, Fangfang Zhang, Jiajia Duan

“…Simultaneously, PPT activates the cGMP-PKG pathway, inhibiting autophagy and further accelerating pyroptosis, ultimately leading to hepatotoxicity. …”
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Molecular Age-Related Changes in the Anterior Segment of the Eye by Luis Fernando Hernandez-Zimbron, Rosario Gulias-Cañizo, María F. Golzarri, Blanca Elizabeth Martínez-Báez, Hugo Quiroz-Mercado, Roberto Gonzalez-Salinas

“…We also introduce and propose potential roles of autophagy, an important mechanism responsible for maintaining homeostasis and proteostasis under stress conditions in the anterior segment during aging.…”
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Treating Metabolic Dysregulation and Senescence by Caloric Restriction: Killing Two Birds with One Stone? by Lara Russo, Serena Babboni, Maria Grazia Andreassi, Jalil Daher, Paola Canale, Serena Del Turco, Giuseppina Basta

“…The dysregulation of these pathways contributes to insulin resistance, impaired autophagy, exacerbated oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, further enhancing cellular senescence and systemic metabolic derangements. …”
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Pancreatic Beta Cell Death: Novel Potential Mechanisms in Diabetes Therapy by Joselyn Rojas, Valmore Bermudez, Jim Palmar, María Sofía Martínez, Luis Carlos Olivar, Manuel Nava, Daniel Tomey, Milagros Rojas, Juan Salazar, Carlos Garicano, Manuel Velasco

“…Summary. Necroptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis are molecular mechanisms that modulate the survival of the pancreatic beta cell, demonstrating the importance of the immune system in glucolipotoxicity processes and the potential role for immunometabolism as another component of what once known as the “ominous octet.”…”
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Sodium Valproate Inhibits the Growth of Human Cholangiocarcinoma In Vitro and In Vivo by Bing Wang, Rui Yang, Yue Wu, Hongbo Li, Zouxiao Hu, Yongjun Chen, Shengquan Zou

“…Sodium valproate inhibited cholangiocarcinoma cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest, cell differentiation, and apoptosis; sodium valproate effects were independent of autophagy. Tumor growth inhibition was also observed in vivo using TFK-1 xenografts. …”
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Natural products based on Correa's cascade for the treatment of gastric cancer trilogy: Current status and future perspective by Wenhao Liao, Jing Wang, Yuchen Li

“…In Phase II, NPs modulate multiple pathways and mediators regulating gastric mucosal cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, and angiogenesis to reverse gastric precancerous lesions. …”
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VEXAS, Chediak–Higashi syndrome and Danon disease: myeloid cell endo-lysosomal pathway dysfunction as a common denominator? by Coline Savy, Maxence Bourgoin, Thomas Cluzeau, Arnaud Jacquel, Guillaume Robert, Patrick Auberger

“…Finally, we propose reacidification as a way of reinducing lysosome functionalities and autophagy as a potential approach for a better management of these diseases.…”
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Dysfunctional BCAA degradation triggers neuronal damage through disrupted AMPK-mitochondrial axis due to enhanced PP2Ac interaction by Shih-Cheng Wu, Yan-Jhen Chen, Shih-Han Su, Pai-Hsiang Fang, Rei-Wen Liu, Hui-Ying Tsai, Yen-Jui Chang, Hsing-Han Li, Jian-Chiuan Li, Chun-Hong Chen

“…Our findings reveal a reduction in neuronal AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, which disrupts autophagy in mutant brain tissues, linking BCAA imbalance to brain dysfunction. …”
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Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis and risk factors by A. Gerulytė, L. Strumylaitė

“… The article reviews the main hypothesis explaining the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease in the formation and accumulation of P-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary plexus in the brain as well as related theories on the mechanisms of copper and zinc dysregulation, excitotoxicity, cholinergic system dysfunction, and autophagy disorders. The main risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (increased blood pressure, diabetes, reduced physical activity, brain trauma and the influence of some psychotropic medications) are also discussed. …”
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Synthesis of Amino Acid Schiff Base Nickel (II) Complexes as Potential Anticancer Drugs In Vitro by Yang Li, Jianfang Dong, Peiran Zhao, Ping Hu, Dawei Yang, Lei Gao, Lianzhi Li

“…Additionally, complex 2 can regulate the Bcl-2 family and autophagy-related proteins.…”
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Systematic review of innate immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection in animal models by Luisa Maria Nieto Ramirez, Carolina Mehaffy, Karen Marie Dobos

“…Key innate immune factors/pathways identified included TNF-α, neutrophil recruitment, ROS/RNS responses, autophagy, inflammasomes, and antimicrobial peptides, with homologous proteins identified in insects. …”
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Alternative Macroautophagic Pathways by Katrin Juenemann, Eric A. Reits

“…Currently, other alternative autophagy pathways have been described, which are independent of macroautophagic key players like Atg5 and Beclin 1 or the lipidation of LC3. …”
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