Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephritis: Potential Therapeutic Target by Hui-Yuan Li, Li-Feng Huang, Xiao-Rong Huang, Dan Wu, Xiao-Cui Chen, Ji-Xin Tang, Ning An, Hua-Feng Liu, Chen Yang

“…The molecular chaperones, autophagy, and proteasome degradation pathways inhibit ERS and restore ER homeostasis to improve the dysfunction of immune cells and renal resident cell injury. …”
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The Cytoplasm-to-Vacuole Targeting Pathway: A Historical Perspective by Midori Umekawa, Daniel J. Klionsky

“…This viewpoint, however, is relatively recent, coinciding with the molecular identification of autophagy-related (Atg) components that function as the protein machinery that drives the dynamic membrane events of autophagy. …”
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Lithium Improves Survival of PC12 Pheochromocytoma Cells in High-Density Cultures and after Exposure to Toxic Compounds by Cinzia Fabrizi, Stefania De Vito, Francesca Somma, Elena Pompili, Angela Catizone, Stefano Leone, Paola Lenzi, Francesco Fornai, Lorenzo Fumagalli

“…Different kinds of stressful conditions such as starvation are able to induce autophagy. Lithium and rapamycin are potent autophagy inducers with different molecular targets. …”
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Atg5 deficiency in basophils improves metabolism in lupus mice by regulating gut microbiota dysbiosis by Jiaxuan Chen, Quanren Pan, Lu Lu, Xiaorong Huang, Shuting Wang, Xiaoxian Liu, Jiaqi Lun, Xiaowei Xu, Hongyong Su, Fengbiao Guo, Lawei Yang, Liuyong You, Haiyan Xiao, Wenying Luo, Hua-feng Liu, Qingjun Pan

“…Collectively, these findings reveal a novel role of basophil autophagy in SLE, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.…”
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Therapeutic Effect of Gypenosides on Antioxidant Stress Injury in Orbital Fibroblasts of Graves’ Orbitopathy by Chao Ma, Haoyu Li, Wei Liu, Shuwen Lu, Xian Li, Jinyuan Chen, Kaijun Li, Wenzhan Wang

“…Western blotting detection was utilized to examine the regulatory pathway of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy-related proteins. The changes of cell morphology, autophagosome, and autophagy lysosome were observed by transmission electron microscope. …”
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TGF-β3 Induces Autophagic Activity by Increasing ROS Generation in a NOX4-Dependent Pathway by Yun Zhang, Hong-Mei Tang, Chun-Feng Liu, Xie-Fang Yuan, Xiao-Yun Wang, Ning Ma, Guo-Feng Xu, Song-Ping Wang, Jun Deng, Xing Wang

“…In our previous study, we also observed that TGF-β3 increases mucus secretion in airway epithelial cells in an autophagy-dependent fashion. Although it is well known that the relationship between ROS and autophagy is cell context-dependent, the exact mechanism of action remains unclear. …”
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Aggrephagy: Selective Disposal of Protein Aggregates by Macroautophagy by Trond Lamark, Terje Johansen

“…Proteins that are damaged beyond repair are degraded either by the proteasome or by the lysosome via autophagy. The aggregates can be degraded by the proteasome and by chaperone-mediated autophagy only after dissolution into soluble single peptide species. …”
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WIPI-1 Positive Autophagosome-Like Vesicles Entrap Pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus for Lysosomal Degradation by Mario Mauthe, Wenqi Yu, Oleg Krut, Martin Krönke, Friedrich Götz, Horst Robenek, Tassula Proikas-Cezanne

“…Invading pathogens provoke the autophagic machinery and, in a process termed xenophagy, the host cell survives because autophagy is employed as a safeguard for pathogens that escaped phagosomes. …”
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Fasting activates optineurin-mediated mitophagy in chondrocytes to protect against osteoarthritis by Min-Na Zhang, Ran Duan, Gui-Hong Chen, Mei-Jun Chen, Chun-Gu Hong, Xin Wang, Zhi-Lin Pang, Chun-Yuan Chen, Hua-Feng Liu, Da Zhong, Hui Xie, Wen-Bao Hu, Zheng-Zhao Liu

“…Here, we aimed to investigate the role of the autophagy receptor protein optineurin (OPTN) in OA, and explore the effects of dietary intervention on OA symptoms and its relationship with OPTN-mediated mitophagy. …”
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Sestrin2 Signaling Pathway Regulates Podocyte Biology and Protects against Diabetic Nephropathy by Moein Ala

“…Blockade of ribosomal protein synthesis and augmentation of autophagy by Sestrin2 can prevent misfolded protein accumulation and attenuate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. …”
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells May Alleviate the Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Reducing the Oxidative Stress in Nucleus Pulposus Cells by Yongzhao Zhao, Qian Xiang, Yunzhong Cheng, Jialiang Lin, Shuai Jiang, Weishi Li

“…A series of bioinformatic methods were used to calculate the oxidative stress score and autophagy score, identify the OSRDEGs, conduct the function enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, build the relevant competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks, and explore the potential association between oxidative stress and autophagy in degenerative NPCs cocultured with MSCs. …”
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Deoxycholate, an Endogenous Cytotoxin/Genotoxin, Induces the Autophagic Stress-Survival Pathway: Implications for Colon Carcinogenesis by Claire M. Payne, Cheray Crowley-Skillicorn, Hana Holubec, Katerina Dvorak, Carol Bernstein, Mary Pat Moyer, Harinder Garewal, Harris Bernstein

“…Rapamycin (activator of autophagy) pre-treatment of NCM-460 cells significantly (P<.05) decreased, and 3-MA (inhibitor of autophagy) significantly (P<.05) increased the cell loss caused by DOC treatment, alone. …”
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How Bacteria-Induced Apoptosis of Intestinal Epithelial Cells Contributes to Mucosal Inflammation by Martin Hausmann

“…If autophagy is directed against microbes it is termed xenophagy. …”
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The AMPK–mTOR Pathway Is Inhibited by Chaihu Shugan Powder, Which Relieves Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis by Suppressing Autophagic Ferroptosis by Zheng Liang, Dajin Pi, Jianwei Zhen, Haizhen Yan, Chuiyang Zheng, July Liang Chen, Wen Fan, Qingliang Song, Jinyue Pan, Dongdong Liu, Maoxing Pan, Qinhe Yang, Yupei Zhang

“…Furthermore, our findings indicated that the suppression of autophagy had a repressive impact on the occurrence of ferroptosis in the mouse model, indicating that autophagy activation likely plays a role in mediating ferroptosis in NASH.…”
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L-Borneol 7-O-[β-D-Apiofuranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-Glucopyranoside Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats and Hypoxic/Reoxygenated Injured Myocardial Cells via Regulati... by Ziyi Tong, Gaowen Li, Chengxiao Su, Liyan Zhou, Ling Zhang, Qun Chen, Qing Xia

“…Additionally, the proteins of apoptosis, autophagy, and PI3K/mTOR pathway were determined by western blotting. …”
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Mechanism of SET8 Activates the Nrf2-KEAP1-ARE Signaling Pathway to Promote the Recovery of Motor Function after Spinal Cord Injury by Xin Li, Yan Qian, Wanling Shen, Shiying Zhang, Hui Han, Yu Zhang, Shuangmei Liu, Shaokun Lv, Xiuying Zhang

“…Therefore, this study investigated the influence of SET8-regulated oxidative stress on astrocyte autophagy levels after SCI in rats and the potential mechanisms of action. …”
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Chidamide Suppresses the Growth of Cholangiocarcinoma by Inhibiting HDAC3 and Promoting FOXO1 Acetylation by Yongpan Li, Jujia Zheng, Qiang Huo, Zhongchao Chen, Jun Chen, Xiangwei Xu

“…Next, the proliferation, migration, invasion, autophagy, and apoptosis of human CCA QBC939 and SNU308 cells were measured following treatment with CDM at different concentrations. …”
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IP3 Receptors, Mitochondria, and Ca2+ Signaling: Implications for Aging by Jean-Paul Decuypere, Giovanni Monaco, Ludwig Missiaen, Humbert De Smedt, Jan B. Parys, Geert Bultynck

“…The tight interplay between endoplasmic-reticulum-(ER-) and mitochondria-mediated Ca2+ signaling is a key determinant of cellular health and cellular fate through the control of apoptosis and autophagy. Proteins that prevent or promote apoptosis and autophagy can affect intracellular Ca2+ dynamics and homeostasis through binding and modulation of the intracellular Ca2+-release and Ca2+-uptake mechanisms. …”
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MAP1B Interaction with the FW Domain of the Autophagic Receptor Nbr1 Facilitates Its Association to the Microtubule Network by Katie Marchbank, Sarah Waters, Roland G. Roberts, Ellen Solomon, Caroline A. Whitehouse

“…Selective autophagy is a process whereby specific targeted cargo proteins, aggregates, or organelles are sequestered into double-membrane-bound phagophores before fusion with the lysosome for protein degradation. …”
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Therapeutic effect of dihydroartemisinin on Alzheimer’s disease model mice with senile macular degeneration by Gao Han, Gong Xuewu, Zhang Meng, Wang Yuejing, Wang Yuchun, Zhang Keshuang, Yao Hongbo

“…Abstract Objectives This study focuses on the preventive and therapeutic effects of Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model mice and the effects of DHA and donepezil on amyloid β-protein deposition and autophagy in nerve cells. Methods Six autophagy related targets were selected for molecular docking with DHA to predict the affinity between DHA and the target. …”
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