COVID-19 encephalopathy with severe neurological symptoms: a clinical case presentation with literature review by G. Baranauskienė, N. Tutlienė, G. Kaubrys

“…However, the most likely etiology of encephalopathy is multifactorial: systemic disease response, inflammation, coagulopathy, direct viral neuroinvasion, endoartheritis, and possibly post-infectious autoimmune mechanisms. For patients with suspected changes in the level of consciousness due to coronavirus infection, it is recommended to perform a thorough examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), head imaging with a preference for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and electroencephalography (EEG) It is worth noting that blood or imaging tests often do not show specific changes in patients with encephalopathy. …”
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Diagnostics and Treatment of Esophageal Achalasia (Clinical Guidelines of the Russian Gastroenterological Association, Russian Scientific Medical Society of Internal Medicine, Russ... by V. T. Ivashkin, A. S. Trukhmanov, I. V. Maev, O. M. Drapkina, A. I. Martynov, O. A. Storonova, E. A. Godgello, M. P. Korolev, T. L. Lapina, P. V. Pavlov, A. V. Paraskevova, I. A. Tarasova, E. D. Fedorov, A. T. Tskhovrebov, M. P. Shapka, A. L. Shestakov, A. V. Yurasov

“…The following hypotheses have been proposed as the main mechanisms for the development of achalasia: genetic predisposition, exposure to viral infections, and idiopathic autoimmune triggers. Patients with suspected achalasia require a comprehensive instrumental examination, including esophagogastroduodenoscopy, timed barium esophagogram, and esophageal manometry. …”
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Rare and common single nucleotide variants in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus by Elisabet Svenungsson, Iva Gunnarsson, Lars Rönnblom, Ingrid E Lundberg, Andreas Jönsen, Niklas Hagberg, Leonid Padyukov, Marie Wahren-Herlenius, Christopher Sjöwall, Solbritt Rantapää-Dahlqvist, Sule Yavuz, Øyvind Molberg, Dag Leonard, Andrei Alexsson, Maija-Leena Eloranta, Ann-Christine Syvänen, Johanna K Sandling, Gunnel Nordmark, Roland Jonsson, Roald Omdal, Christine Bengtsson, Anders A Bengtsson, Pascal Pucholt, Kerstin Lindblad-Toh, Sergey V Kozyrev, Peter Söderkvist, Johanna Dahlqvist, Jonas Carlsson Almlöf, Daniel Eriksson, Ahmed Sayadi, Åsa Karlsson, Gerli Rosengren Pielberg, Anna Lobell, Eva Murén, Kerstin M Ahlgren, Nils Landegren, Olle Kämpe, Fabiana HG Farias, Argyri Mathioudaki, Jennifer Meadows, Jessika Nordin

“…Background SLE is a systemic autoimmune disease with a large number of common risk gene variants, but several rare gene variants can cause monogenic SLE. …”
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A Novel Liposome Formulation Carrying Both an Insulin Peptide and a Ligand for Invariant Natural Killer T Cells Induces Accumulation of Regulatory T Cells to Islets in Nonobese Dia... by Hidetoshi Akimoto, Emi Fukuda-Kawaguchi, Omar Duramad, Yasuyuki Ishii, Kazunari Tanabe

“…Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by the destruction of pancreatic β cells by autoantigen-reactive diabetogenic cells. …”
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Enterococcus and Eggerthella species are enriched in the gut microbiomes of COVID-19 cases in Uganda by Carolina Agudelo, David Patrick Kateete, Emmanuel Nasinghe, Rogers Kamulegeya, Christopher Lubega, Monica Mbabazi, Noah Baker, Kathryn Y. Lin, Chang C. Liu, Arthur Shem Kasambula, Edgar Kigozi, Kevin Komakech, John Mukisa, Kassim Mulumba, Patricia Mwachan, Brenda Sharon Nakalanda, Gloria Patricia Nalubega, Julius Nsubuga, Diana Sitenda, Henry Ssenfuka, Giana T. Cirolia, Jeshua T. Gustafson, Ruohong Wang, Moses Luutu Nsubuga, Fahim Yiga, Sarah A. Stanley, Bernard Ssentalo Bagaya, Alison Elliott, Moses Joloba, Ashley R. Wolf

“…The gut microbiome enables protection against diverse pathogens and exhibits dysbiosis during infectious and autoimmune disease. Studies based in the United States and China have found that severe COVID-19 cases have altered gut microbiome composition when compared to mild COVID-19 cases. …”
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Absent in melanoma 2: a potent suppressor of retinal pigment epithelial-mesenchymal transition and experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy by Yu Chen, Mingyuan Jiang, Liping Li, Shanshan Yang, Zuimeng Liu, Shiwen Lin, Wanxiao Wang, Jinyang Li, Feng Chen, Qiang Hou, Xiaoyin Ma, Ling Hou

“…Although absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) has been linked to inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, and cancers, its role in the EMT of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE-EMT) and retinal diseases remains unclear. …”
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Type I IFN induces long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 to generate a phosphatidic acid reservoir for lipotoxic saturated fatty acids by Shelley Barnhart, Masami Shimizu-Albergine, Eyal Kedar, Vishal Kothari, Baohai Shao, Melissa Krueger, Cheng-Chieh Hsu, Jingjing Tang, Jenny E. Kanter, Farah Kramer, Danijel Djukovic, Vadim Pascua, Yueh-Ming Loo, Lucrezia Colonna, Sadie J. Van den Bogaerde, Jie An, Michael Gale, Jr., Karen Reue, Edward A. Fisher, Sina A. Gharib, Keith B. Elkon, Karin E. Bornfeldt

“…Our results show that IFN-I induces ACSL1 in macrophages via its interferon-α/β receptor, and consequently that expression of ACSL1 is increased in myeloid cells from individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune condition characterized by increased IFN production. …”
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Cyclophosphamide and mycophenolate mofetil as induction therapy in lupus nephritis by Božić-Majstorović Ljubinka, Popović-Pejičić Snježana, Mrđa Jelena, Mrđa Vladimir, Ovčina Irma

“…Background/Aim: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with multisystemic involvement. Almost 50 % of patients who suffer from systemic lupus erythematosus have lupus nephritis (LN) as well. …”
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miR-129-5p Regulates the Immunomodulatory Functions of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells via Targeting Stat1 Signaling by He-Yang Zhang, Yu-Han Wang, Yan Wang, Yan-Nv Qu, Xiao-Hui Huang, Hui-Xin Yang, Chang-Ming Zhao, Youdi He, Si-Wei Li, Jin Zhou, Changyong Wang, Xiao-Xia Jiang

“…Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have become one of the most promising stem cell populations for cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine and for autoimmune disorders owing to their multilineage differentiation and immunomodulatory capacities, respectively. …”
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Evaluation of Retinal Structure and Optic Nerve Function Changes in Multiple Sclerosis: Longitudinal Study with 1-Year Follow-Up by Riwanti Estiasari, Adisresti Diwyacitta, Muhammad Sidik, Ni Nengah Rida Ariarini, Freddy Sitorus, Saraf Shafa Marwadhani, Kartika Maharani, Darma Imran, Reza Aditya Arpandy, David Pangeran, Manfaluthy Hakim

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system which often involves the optic nerve even though only 20% of the patients experience optic neuritis (ON). …”
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Total Adiponectin Is Inversely Associated with Platelet Activation and CHA2DS2-VASc Score in Anticoagulated Patients with Atrial Fibrillation by Roberto Carnevale, Daniele Pastori, Mariangela Peruzzi, Elena De Falco, Isotta Chimenti, Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai, Ernesto Greco, Antonino G. M. Marullo, Cristina Nocella, Francesco Violi, Pasquale Pignatelli, Camilla Calvieri, Giacomo Frati

“…Exclusion criteria were as follows: prosthetic heart valves, cardiac revascularization in the previous year, severe cognitive impairment, chronic infectious or autoimmune diseases, and active cancer. Results. Mean age was 72.9 (±8.7) years and 41.6% were female. …”
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Comparison of mNGS with conventional methods for diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis: a retrospective study by Zai-Jie Jiang, Jian-Chen Hong, Bi-Wei Lin, Wei-Qing Zhang, Qi-Chao Fan, Bi-Hui Yang, Xiang-Ping Yao

“…Patients with bacterial tuberculous or viral meningitis were used as mNGS-positive controls and one autoimmune encephalitis patient was used as an mNGS-negative control. …”
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Psoriasis increases the risk of Sjögren’s syndrome: evidence from a propensity score-matched cohort study and transcriptomic analysis by Zijian Kang, Yu Du, Ran Cui, Qian Wang, Miao Chen, Yu-Hsun Wang, James Cheng‐Chung Wei, Sheng-Ming Dai

“…Abstract Background Despite the well-documented immune dysregulation in both psoriasis and Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), the specific link between these two autoimmune diseases has not been extensively explored. …”
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Butyric Acid Modulates Gut Microbiota to Alleviate Inflammation and Secondary Bone Loss in Ankylosing Spondylitis by Ke You, Lianjun Yang, Zhihai Su, Jun Shen, Xinyang Fan, Yuanqing Guo, Zhen Yuan, Hai Lu

“…<b>Background:</b> Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease that primarily affects the sacroiliac joints and axial skeleton. …”
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A High-Salt Diet Disturbs the Development and Function of Natural Killer Cells in Mice by Xiaokang Zeng, Yan Li, Weibiao Lv, Xinhuai Dong, Chong Zeng, Liming Zeng, Zibo Wei, Xu Lin, Yanning Ma, Qiang Xiao

“…A high-salt diet (HSD) is common worldwide and can lead to cardiovascular disease, chronic inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. Moreover, increasing evidence shows that HSD is closely related to a variety of immune diseases. …”
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Adverse Events of the BCG (Bacillus Calmette–Guérin) and Rotavirus Vaccines in a Young Infant with Inborn Error of Immunity by Suleiman Al-Hammadi, Najla S. Alkuwaiti, Ghassan A. Ghatasheh, Huda Al Dhanhani, Hiba M. Shendi, Abdulghani S. Elomami, Farida Almarzooqi, Abdul-Kader Souid

“…He had a sibling who passed away in infancy of unknown disease and family members with autoimmune disorders. Despite these clear clues, he was immunized with BCG at birth and rotavirus at 2 and 4 months. …”
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Suppression of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Mediators in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages by Stem Extract of Alternanthera sessilis via the Inhibition of the NF-κB Pathway by Katyakyini Muniandy, Sivapragasam Gothai, Khaleel M. H. Badran, S. Suresh Kumar, Norhaizan Mohd Esa, Palanisamy Arulselvan

“…However, prolonged inflammation can be detrimental as it is related to many chronic diseases such as delayed wound healing, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, and autoimmune disorders. Therefore, ways to curb chronic inflammation have been extensively investigated. …”
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Prognostic Factors for Clinical Response in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients Treated by Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Lihui Wen, Myriam Labopin, Manuela Badoglio, Dandan Wang, Lingyun Sun, Dominique Farge-Bancel

“…Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a broad range of clinical manifestations and a heterogeneous disease course. …”
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New onset of isolated adrenocorticotropin deficiency associated with encephalopathy following coronavirus disease 2019 in a healthy elderly man by Yusuke Yamasaki, Ichiro Horie, Riyoko Shigeno, Shinpei Nishikido, Toshiyuki Ikeoka, Takuro Hirayama, Yohei Tateishi, Akira Tsujino, Atsushi Kawakami

“…His encephalopathy might have developed via a disturbance of the autoimmune system, or a metabolic effect associated with adrenal insufficiency, although the time lag between the hyponatremia’s improvement and the patient’s neurological response to the steroid was incompatible with common cases of delirium concurrent with adrenal insufficiency. …”
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Сandidate SNP-markers of rheumatoid arthritis that can significantly alter the affinity of the TATA-binding protein for human gene promoters by I. V. Chadaeva, D. A. Rasskazov, E. B. Sharypova, I. A. Drachkova, E. A. Oshchepkova, L. K. Savinkova, P. M. Ponomarenko, M. P. Ponomarenko, N. A. Kolchanov, V. A. Kozlov

“…Rheumatoid polyarthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with autoantibodies, including antibodies to citrullant antigens and proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6, which are involved in the induction of chronic synovitis, bone erosion, followed by deformity. …”
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