New T-lymphocyte subpopulations and their characteristics: Challenges to the classical division of lymphocyte function by Filip Lewandowski, Paulina Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej

“…Furthermore, the discovery of CD20 + T cells challenges traditional views, offering new avenues for immunotherapy in cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. These findings expand our understanding of T-lymphocyte biology and suggest targets for more effective therapeutic interventions. …”
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Correlates of Protection for M Protein-Based Vaccines against Group A Streptococcus by Shu Ki Tsoi, Pierre R. Smeesters, Hannah R. C. Frost, Paul Licciardi, Andrew C. Steer

“…Group A streptococcus (GAS) is known to cause a broad spectrum of illness, from pharyngitis and impetigo, to autoimmune sequelae such as rheumatic heart disease, and invasive diseases. …”
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Immune Disorders in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: What Do We Know So Far? by Aleksandra Pyzik, Ewelina Grywalska, Beata Matyjaszek-Matuszek, Jacek Roliński

“…Recent research has demonstrated an increasing role of newly discovered cells such as Th17 (CD4+IL-17+) or T regulatory cells (CD4+CD25+highFoxP3+) in the induction of autoimmune disorders. The process of programmed cell death also plays an equally important role in the pathogenesis and the development of hypothyroidism.…”
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Pure White Cell Aplasia and Necrotizing Myositis by Peter Geon Kim, Joome Suh, Max W. Adelman, Kwadwo Oduro, Erik Williams, Andrew M. Brunner, David J. Kuter

“…PWCA has been associated with autoimmune, drug-induced, and viral exposures. Here, we report a case of a 74-year-old female who presented with severe proximal weakness without pain and was found to have PWCA with nonspecific inflammatory necrotizing myositis and acute liver injury on biopsies. …”
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Case Study: Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis in the Femoral Diaphysis of a Young Female by Jeffrey S. Quon, Anne K. Dzus, David A. Leswick

“…Instead it is more likely the result of genetic, autoimmune, or autoinflammatory causes. Although CRMO has a benign course and responds well to anti-inflammatory medications, it can have a very aggressive clinical and imaging presentation overlapping with infectious osteomyelitis and malignancy. …”
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Two Patients with Therapy-Resistant Pemphigus Vulgaris and Severe Underlying Disease Showing Good Response to a New IVIg Preparation by Katharina Hogrefe, Julia K. Winkler, Alexander H. Enk

“…Abstract Pemphigus vulgaris is a severe and often therapy-resistant bullous autoimmune disease. Standard therapy with steroids often administered together with another immunosuppressant does not respond in all patients or may not be a good therapeutic option in patients with severe underlying diseases. …”
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Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis in Setting of Inhaled Toxin Exposure and Chronic Substance Abuse by Meirui Li, Salem Alowami, Miranda Schell, Clive Davis, Asghar Naqvi

“…PAP is categorized into three types: hereditary, autoimmune, and secondary. We report a case of secondary PAP in a 47-year-old man, whose risk factors include occupational exposure to inhaled toxins, especially aluminum dust, the use of anabolic steroids, and alcohol abuse, which in mice leads to alveolar macrophage dysfunction through a zinc-dependent mechanism that inhibits granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor signalling. …”
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Understanding Muscle Dysfunction in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome by Gina Rutherford, Philip Manning, Julia L. Newton

“…Literature was examined following searches of PUB MED, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar, using key words such as CFS/ME, immune, autoimmune, mitochondria, muscle, and acidosis. Results. …”
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Systemic Treatments for Noninfectious Vitreous Inflammation by Angela Jiang, Jillian Wang, Malav Joshi, John Byron Christoforidis

“…Vitreous inflammation, or vitritis, may result from many causes, including both infectious and noninfectious, including rheumatologic and autoimmune processes. Vitritis is commonly vision threatening and has serious sequelae. …”
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Arsenic Trioxide in Synergy with Vitamin D Rescues the Defective VDR-PPAR-γ Functional Module of Autophagy in Rheumatoid Arthritis by Weiyan Wang, Chunling Li, Zhiyi Zhang, Yue Zhang

“…Dysregulated autophagy leads to autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). …”
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Erythema Multiforme Attributable to Herpes Simplex Virus: Clinical Aspects and Treatment by Aya Mtiri, Ghada Bouslama, Nour-sayda Ben Messouad, Iyadh Abidi, Souha Ben Youssef, Badreddine Sriha

“…Erythema multiforme is an acute mucocutaneous hypersensitivity reaction with various etiological factors, including herpes simplex virus, medications, autoimmune diseases, and malignancies, but the most common cause is infection by herpes simplex virus. …”
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Successful Treatment of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Associated with Lupus Nephritis by Using Mycophenolate Mofetil by Takashi Nawata, Makoto Kubo, Kosaku Shiragami, Yukinori Nakamura, Masafumi Yano

“…HLH associated with autoimmune diseases is often refractory to corticosteroid treatment; thus, additional immunosuppressive drugs, such as cyclosporine, cyclophosphamide, or tacrolimus, are required. …”
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Ferroptosis: A New Pathway in the Interaction between Gut Microbiota and Multiple Sclerosis by Junjie Jian, Jun Wei

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder marked by neuroinflammation, demyelination, and neuronal damage. …”
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Emergency Splenectomy in a patient with primary immune thrombocytopenia and hemoperitoneum by Liermis Michael Dita Salabert, José Eduardo Consuegra Díaz, Carlos Jaime Geroy

“…Primary immune thrombocytopenia is an acquired autoimmune disease, with a very variable clinical course, which causes an accelerated destruction by antibodies and an impaired platelet production. …”
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Emerging therapeutics in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy by Shinji Sato

“…Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are a heterogeneous group of systemic autoimmune diseases characterized mainly by inflammation of muscle tissue. …”
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The Microbiome in Connective Tissue Diseases and Vasculitides: An Updated Narrative Review by Rossella Talotta, Fabiola Atzeni, Maria Chiara Ditto, Maria Chiara Gerardi, Piercarlo Sarzi-Puttini

“…The PubMed database was searched for articles using combinations of words or terms that included systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, autoimmune myositis, Sjögren’s syndrome, undifferentiated and mixed CTD, vasculitis, microbiota, microbiome, and dysbiosis. …”
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Conditioned Media Ameliorate Psoriasis Vulgaris: A Case Study by Rajasekar Seetharaman, Anjum Mahmood, Prashant Kshatriya, Divyang Patel, Anand Srivastava

“…Psoriasis, an autoimmune disease, affects a vast number of peoples around the world. …”
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Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review by Vikrant Veer, Albert Lim, Wolfgang Issing

“…No definite aetiology of KFD is known despite autoimmune and infection factors being suggested. The diagnostic hallmark is histological findings from lymph nodes. …”
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A Paraneoplastic Syndrome Characterized by Extremity Swelling with Associated Inflammatory Infiltrate Heralds Aggressive Transformation of Myelodysplastic Syndromes/Myeloproliferat... by James K. Mangan, Selina M. Luger

“…There has been a long history of reports describing a variety of paraneoplastic phenomena associated with myelodysplastic syndromes, particularly those with autoimmune manifestations. We report here a series of patients with an antecedent myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) that underwent aggressive transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). …”
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Retinal Toxicity after Initial Administration of Nivolumab and Ipilimumab by Adnan Kilani, Efstathios Vounotrypidis, Susanna F. König, Armin Wolf

“…An extensive laboratory workup, including uveitis workup, onconeuronal and retinal antibodies, ruled out a paraneoplastic autoimmune disorder and a granulomatous disease. Furthermore, a B-scan was performed to exclude a posterior scleritis. …”
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