Multiple Sclerosis Presenting with Facial Twitching (Myokymia and Hemifacial Spasms) by Risha Hertz, James Espinosa, Alan Lucerna, Doug Stranges

“…The etiology is insufficiently understood. Autoimmune, genetic, viral, and environmental factors have been hypothesized. …”
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Graves’ Disease Presenting as a Unilateral Breast Mass by Neeka N. Akhavan, Edlira Maska

“…Graves’ disease is an autoimmune thyroid disorder that is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. …”
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Interactions of the Intestinal Epithelium with the Pathogen and the Indigenous Microbiota: A Three-Way Crosstalk by C. V. Srikanth, Beth A. McCormick

“…Even slight perturbations in this equilibrium may be detrimental to the host leading to severe bacterial infection or even autoimmune diseases like inflammatory bowel disease. …”
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Biomimetic nanocarriers: integrating natural functions for advanced therapeutic applications by Hugo Felix Perini, Beatriz Sodré Matos, Carlo José Freire de Oliveira, Marcos Vinicius da Silva

“…Biomimetic nanocarriers demonstrate significant advancements in drug delivery systems against cancer therapy, Alzheimer's disease, autoimmune diseases, and viral infections such as COVID-19. …”
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Evolution of 𝜷-Cell Replacement Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus: Islet Cell Transplantation by Cyrus Jahansouz, Cameron Jahansouz, Sean C. Kumer, Kenneth L. Brayman

“…Of these individuals, 5 to 10% have been diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), an autoimmune disease. Although it often appears in childhood, T1DM may manifest at any age, leading to significant morbidity and decreased quality of life. …”
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IL-12, IL-6 and IFN-γ production by lymphocytes of pregnant women with rheumatoid arthritis remission during pregnancy by Henryk Tchórzewski, Grzegorz Krasomski, Lidia Biesiada, Ewa Glowacka, Malgorzata Banasik, Przemyslaw Lewkowicz

“…Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with progressive activity. The RA remission was observed in women during pregnancy, but the mechanism responsible for remission is hypothetical only and concerns mechanisms of immune regulation such as lymphocyte subpopulations and interleukin production.…”
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Pathological Features of New Animal Models for Primary Biliary Cirrhosis by Koichi Tsuneyama, Yuki Moritoki, Kentaro Kikuchi, Yasuni Nakanuma

“…Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease characterized by immune mediated biliary damage and frequent appearance of autoantibodies against mitochondrial enzymes. …”
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Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis by Sandeep M Patel, Hiroshi Sekiguchi, Jordan P Reynolds, Michael J Krowka

“…Previous case studies have found that the acquired form can be secondary to various autoimmune, infectious, malignant and environmental etiologies. …”
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Transient Complete Recovery of Chronic Refractory Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura after Treatment with Monoclonal Antibody Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein by Pooja Gogia, Yiqing Xu

“…Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), also known as immune thrombocytopenic purpura, is an immune-mediated acquired disease characterized by transient or persistent decrease of the platelet count due to autoimmune-related destruction of platelets. Therapy for ITP relies on competing and inhibiting the autoantibody binding and destruction (intravenous immunoglobulin and anti-D immunoglobulin and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitor fostamatinib), augmenting platelet production (thrombopoietin receptor agonists), immunosuppression to reduce the autoantibody production, as well as splenectomy. …”
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Immunoregulation of NKT Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Junwei Chen, Meng Wu, Jing Wang, Xiaofeng Li

“…Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease with different variety of clinical manifestations. …”
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Celiac Disease, Gluten-Free Diet, and Eating Disorders: From Bench to Bedside by Yaohui Wei, Yating Wang, Yonggui Yuan, Jue Chen

“…Celiac disease (CD) and eating disorders (EDs) are complex chronic conditions in adolescents, sharing symptoms such as weight change, malnutrition, and gastrointestinal symptoms. CD, an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion, is managed through a strict gluten-free diet that can unintentionally foster disordered eating behaviors due to dietary restrictions. …”
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Oral supplementation with propionate is reflected in the serum of healthy individuals by Maximilian Schröder, Arijan Pasic, Frank Hirche, Svitlana Rozanova, Melissa Sgodzai, Barbara Gisevius, Lea Horstkemper, Ralf Gold, Katrin Marcus, Kalliopi Pitarokoili, Jeremias Motte, Katalin Barkovits, Gabriele Stangl, Anna Lena Fisse

“…Supplementing PA has shown benefits for autoimmune diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the PA pharmacokinetics is essential for the optimal design and execution of studies utilizing orally administered PA. …”
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Genetic Associations in Acquired Immune-Mediated Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes: Insights in Aplastic Anemia and Chronic Idiopathic Neutropenia by Irene Mavroudi, Helen A. Papadaki

“…Increasing interest on the field of autoimmune diseases has unveiled a plethora of genetic factors that predispose to these diseases. …”
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Roles of Lymphocyte Kv1.3-Channels in the Pathogenesis of Renal Diseases and Novel Therapeutic Implications of Targeting the Channels by Itsuro Kazama

“…Using selective channel inhibitors in experimental animal models, in vivo studies then revealed the clinically relevant relationship between the channel expression and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In renal diseases, in which “chronic inflammation” or “the overstimulation of cellular immunity” is responsible for the pathogenesis, the overexpression of Kv1.3-channels in lymphocytes promotes their cellular proliferation and thus contributes to the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. …”
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Pericardial Tamponade: An Uncommon Clinical Presentation in cANCA Related Vasculitis and Glomerulonephritis in Association with Very High Titres of ANA by Amaresh Vanga, Amna Z. Rana, Jolanta Kowalewska, Harlan Rust

“…ANCA (anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody) vasculitides are systemic autoimmune diseases in which anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies activate primed neutrophils, thereby generating an inflammatory cascade resulting in the damage of small sized blood vessels in various organs of the body, including the heart. …”
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Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura after Mastectomy and Axillary Lymph Node Dissection by Wil L. Santivasi, Meghan M. Routt, Alicia M. Terando

“…First described in 1916, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disease resulting in the destruction of platelets. …”
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Salivary Cytokines as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease by Zeineb Zian, Assia Bouhoudan, Nadira Mourabit, Gholamreza Azizi, Mohcine Bennani Mechita

“…Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by an unknown etiology and a highly variable clinical presentation. …”
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Cross-Talk between Apolipoprotein E and Cytokines by Hongliang Zhang, Li-Min Wu, Jiang Wu

“…Despite its importance in lipid transport and atherosclerosis pathogenesis, apoE is associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson disease, and autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis and psoriasis. …”
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Monoclonal Gammopathy of Renal Significance with Progression to Multiple Myeloma in a Patient with ASIA-MO Syndrome by David Alejandro Vargas Gutiérrez, Karina Ivonne Arias Callejas, Edwin Pavel Palacios Ruiz, Priscila Joseline Pérez Vinueza, Juan Diego Muñoz Vega, Ana Karen G. Mejía Geraldo, Ingrid Salinas Zaldívar

“…Background. Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants is a disease associated with an unregulated hyperactivity of the immune system and may also be associated with a high frequency of hematologic malignancies. …”
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Abnormally Elevated Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Level in an Infertile Woman by Aurore Catteau, Kalyane Bach-Ngohou, Justine Blin, Paul Barrière, Thomas Fréour, Damien Masson

“…The PEG precipitation test revealed that the high FSH level was almost exclusively due to the presence of autoimmune FSH immunoglobulin complex (macro-FSH). The profile obtained by gel filtration chromatography confirmed the presence of an FSH-immunoglobulin complex. …”
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