The changing landscape of treatment for acquired hemophilia A by Massimo Franchini, Daniele Focosi

“… Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare acquired autoimmune disorder caused by autoantibodies against coagulation factor VIII (FVIII), which cause a hemorrhagic diathesis, not rarely of severe degree. …”
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A Case Report of Steroid-Resistant Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia Managed with Intravenous Immunoglobulins by Christian Akem Dimala, Urvi Patel, Benjamin Lloyd, Anthony Donato, William B. Kimmel, Robert Hallowell, Caitlyn Moss

“…Following no improvement with antibiotics and negative complementary investigations for infectious, malignant, and autoimmune etiologies, COP was confirmed on lung biopsy. …”
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Paroxysmal Amnesia Attacks due to Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy by Pelin Nar Senol, Aylin Bican Demir, Ibrahim Bora, Mustafa Bakar

“…Hashimoto’s encephalopathy is a rare disease which is thought to be autoimmune and steroid responsive. The syndrome is characterized by cognitive impairment, encephalopathy, psychiatric symptoms, and seizures associated with increased level of anti-thyroid antibodies. …”
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Oligodendrocyte precursor cell-derived exosomes combined with cell therapy promote clinical recovery by immunomodulation and gliosis attenuation by Sarah Ingrid Pinto Santos, Santiago José Ortiz-Peñuela, Alessandro de Paula Filho, Ana Laura Midori Rossi Tomiyama, Lilian de Oliveira Coser, Juliano Coelho da Silveira, Daniele dos Santos Martins, Adriano Polican Ciena, Alexandre Leite Rodrigues de Oliveira, Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio

“…Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by autoimmune destruction of the myelin sheath, leading to irreversible and progressive functional deficits in patients. …”
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Hepatotoxicity of statins: a real-world study based on the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database by Bojing Wang, Shu Huang, Shu Huang, Shiqi Li, Yaqi Deng, Ziyan Li, Yizhou Wang, Xiaomin Shi, Wei Zhang, Lei Shi, Xiaohong Wang, Xiaowei Tang

“…A total of 148 positive signals related to adverse events of hepatic disorder were captured. Autoimmune hepatitis and drug-induced liver injury both presented positive signals across multiple statin drugs. …”
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Regenerative fibroblasts derived from autologous skin tissue for the treatment of Sjögren’s syndrome: a case report by Zhao-Xia Ma, Xing-Fei Wu, Li Cao, Cheng-Yan Jiao, Dai-Ping Ma, Yun-Hui Zhao, Zhi-Xing Yang, Min Hu, Min Hu

“…BackgroundSjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease, with major symptoms including dry mouth and dry eyes, for which there is no effective treatment. …”
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Single-cell analyses of intestinal epithelium reveal the dysregulation of gut immune microenvironment in systemic lupus erythematosus by Qiaolin Wang, Yutong Wu, Lianlian Ouyang, Xiaoli Min, Meiling Zheng, Lingyu Gao, Xiaoyun Chen, Zhi Hu, Shuang Yang, Wenjuan Jiang, Sujie Jia, Qianjin Lu, Ming Zhao

“…Dysregulation of gut immune homeostasis was implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune diseases, however, whether this homeostasis is disrupted in a lupus autoimmune background remains unclear. …”
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The Potential Role of Regulatory B Cells in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy by Zhaocheng Dong, Zhiyuan Liu, Haoran Dai, Wenbin Liu, Zhendong Feng, Qihan Zhao, Yu Gao, Fei Liu, Na Zhang, Xuan Dong, Xiaoshan Zhou, Jieli Du, Guangrui Huang, Xuefei Tian, Baoli Liu

“…Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is an autoimmune disease in which the humoral immune response is dominant and the cellular immune response is impaired. …”
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Alopecia as the first manifestation of azathioprine myelosuppression in a genetically predisposed patient by Debashish Mishra, Shefali Khanna Sharma, Aman Sharma, Sanjay Jain, Varun Dhir

“…Azathioprine, an analog of mercaptopurine, is used for various inflammatory/autoimmune diseases in diverse fields such as rheumatology, ophthalmology, gastroenterology, and neurology. …”
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Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Revealing Primary Sjögren Syndrome: Report of 2 Cases by A. Mercurio, M. Altieri, V. M. Saraceni, T. Paolucci, G. L. Lenzi

“…Sjögren syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease of the exocrine glands, characterized by focal lymphocytic infiltration and destruction of these glands. …”
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Myasthenia Gravis Masquerading as Status Asthmaticus by Neha Pirwani, Shayna Wrublik, Shashikanth Ambati

“…Myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune disorder of neuromuscular transmission, can lead to varying degrees of weakness and fatigability of the skeletal musculature. …”
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Statins as Modulators of Regulatory T-Cell Biology by David A. Forero-Peña, Fredy R. S. Gutierrez

“…On the other hand, the induction and activity of regulatory T cells (Treg) are key processes in the prevention of pathology during chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Hence, strategies oriented towards the therapeutic expansion of Tregs are gaining special attention among biomedical researchers. …”
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CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: what can we learn from the haematologist? by Marie José Kersten, Maria Theresa Kuipers

“…CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, originally developed for haematological malignancies, has recently emerged as a promising therapy for patients with autoimmune diseases. By selectively depleting CD19-positive B-cells, this therapy brings a new approach in resetting immune dysregulation and potentially providing long-term remission for patients with a refractory disease. …”
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Heat Shock Proteins in Tendinopathy: Novel Molecular Regulators by Neal L. Millar, George A. C. Murrell

“…Whilst the molecular pathophysiology of tendinopathy remains difficult to interpret the disease process involving repetitive stress, and cellular load provides important mechanistic insight into the area of heat shock proteins which spans many disease processes in the autoimmune community. Heat shock proteins, also called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), are rapidly released following nonprogrammed cell death, are key effectors of the innate immune system, and critically restore homeostasis by promoting the reconstruction of the effected tissue. …”
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Leprosy Mimicking Common Rheumatologic Entities: A Trial for the Clinician in the Era of Biologics by Deepak Rath, Shrinath Bhargava, Bijit Kumar Kundu

“…However, when an entity of infective aetiology like leprosy known to be a great mimic of different autoimmune conditions presents with features similar to these, the possibility of it being diagnosed at the outset is very slim indeed. …”
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Gross Hematuria and Hemolytic Anemia in Infectious Mononucleosis by Chinmayi Sharma, Navneet Venugopal, Shivaiah Balachandra

“…Proposed mechanisms include viral-induced renal injury and autoimmune hemolysis. Differential diagnosis should consider other causes of hematuria, which can be differentiated through urine microscopy and serological tests. …”
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Organ-based characterization of B cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus by Yunan Wang, Rui Zhao, Qian Liang, Shiwen Ni, Mei Yang, Liwei Qiu, Juan Ji, Zhifeng Gu, Chen Dong

“…Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, inflammatory, and progressive autoimmune disease. The unclear pathogenesis, high heterogeneity, and prolonged course of the disease present significant challenges for effective clinical management of lupus patients. …”
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Role of phage therapy in acute gastroenteritis by Somaieh Sabzali, Setareh Pazhouhnia, Kiana Shahzamani, Peyman Adibi Sedeh

“…The implications of dysbiosis in the gut ecosystem are far-reaching, affecting not only gastrointestinal health but also contributing to the development and progression of conditions such as autoimmune gastritis and gastric cancer. Furthermore, the burden of antimicrobial use and subsequent side effects, including antibiotic resistance, poses additional challenges in managing gastrointestinal diseases. …”
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Severe Corticosteroid-Induced Ocular Hypertension Requiring Bilateral Trabeculectomies in a Patient with Takayasu’s Arteritis by Anna Maria Gruener, Pranev Sharma, Sally Ameen, Faisal Ahmed

“…It further emphasizes the need to raise awareness of the potential ocular side effects of steroids amongst physicians, in particular those looking after patients with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.…”
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Management of Graves’ upper eyelid retraction (GUER): A review by Akruti Desai, Pallavi Singh, Dan Rootman, Milind N. Naik

“…Graves’ disease, a common autoimmune disorder, characteristically presents with upper eyelid retraction, causing significant functional and cosmetic concerns for affected individuals. …”
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