B7-H4 Pathway in Islet Transplantation and β-Cell Replacement Therapies by Xiaojie Wang, Jianqiang Hao, Daniel L. Metzger, Ziliang Ao, Mark Meloche, C. Bruce Verchere, Lieping Chen, Dawei Ou, Alice Mui, Garth L. Warnock

“…The two main obstacles after islet transplantation are alloreactive T-cell-mediated graft rejection and recurrence of autoimmune diabetes mellitus in recipients. T cells play a central role in determining the outcome of both autoimmune responses and allograft survival. …”
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Osteopontin at the Crossroads of Inflammation and Tumor Progression by Luigi Mario Castello, Davide Raineri, Livia Salmi, Nausicaa Clemente, Rosanna Vaschetto, Marco Quaglia, Massimiliano Garzaro, Sergio Gentilli, Paolo Navalesi, Vincenzo Cantaluppi, Umberto Dianzani, Anna Aspesi, Annalisa Chiocchetti

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Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis following SARS-CoV-2 Virus: Remdesivir as a Suspected Culprit by Fatemeh Mohaghegh, Parvaneh Hatami, Zeinab Aryanian, Farahnaz Fatemi, Zeinab Mohseni Afshar

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A Fatal Case of Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in the Setting of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report and Review of Noninfectious Causes of Acute Pulmonary Hemorrhage in Adults by Mia C. Lundgren, Jerry A. Molitor, Benjamin Spilseth, Oyedele Adeyi

“…Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease, characterized by autoantibody production and immune complex formation, that has the potential to affect virtually any organ. …”
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Immune Dysregulation after Cardiothoracic Surgery and Incidental Thymectomy: Maintenance of Regulatory T Cells despite Impaired Thymopoiesis by Nancy J. Halnon, Paige Cooper, Diana Yu Hui Chen, M. Ines Boechat, Christel H. Uittenbogaart

“…Tregs were examined. Atopic or autoimmune-like symptoms and elevated anti-dsDNA antibodies were common after surgery in individuals with low thymopoiesis. …”
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Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome Associated with Pneumonia: A Case Report of a 16-Year-Old Male Patient by Süreyya Yilmaz, Fusun Topcu, Hadice Selimoglu Sen, Yasar Yildirim, Zülfükar Yilmaz, Ali Veysel Kara, Cihan Akgul Ozmen

“…Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterised by arterial and/or venous thrombosis and/or recurrent pregnancy loss in the presence of antiphospholipid (APL) antibodies. …”
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Immunotherapy for Metastatic Melanoma with Right Atrial Involvement in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis by Zachary Benson, Sarah Gordon, Patricia Nicolato, Andrew Poklepovic

“…Patients with preexisting autoimmune diseases or prior immune-related adverse events from therapy are largely excluded from clinical trials. …”
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Successful Long-Term Use of Eltrombopag in a Patient with Refractory Severe Thrombocytopenia Associated with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia That Allowed Oral Anticoagulant Treatment... by Juárez Salcedo Luis Miguel, Gil-Fernández Juan José

“…Autoimmune cytopenias (AICs) are frequently associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). …”
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Fenofibrate Inhibited the Differentiation of T Helper 17 Cells In Vitro by Zhou Zhou, Weiliang Sun, Ying Liang, Yanxiang Gao, Wei Kong, Youfei Guan, Juan Feng, Xian Wang

“…Uncontrolled activity of T cells mediates autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. …”
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Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Encephalitis as Paraneoplastic Manifestation of Germ-Cells Tumours: A Cases Report and Literature Review by Claudia Geraldine Rita, Israel Nieto Gañan, Adriano Jimenez Escrig, Ángela Carrasco Sayalero

“…Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is the most common form of autoimmune encephalitis, caused by the interaction between an antibody and its target, located on glutamate receptor type N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) of neuronal surface. …”
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Knowledge and Attitude of Iranian University Students toward Genital Warts by Zeinab Aryanian, Maedeh Mohammadi, Arefeh Babazadeh, Parvaneh Hatami, Zeinab Mohseni Afshar, Azadeh Goodarzi, Ifa Etesami, Mohammad Barary, Soheil Ebrahimpour, Parisa Sabbagh

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Acknowledging and addressing real-world challenges to treating immune-related adverse events by Bonnie L Bermas, Mitchell S von Itzstein, David E Gerber, Alexa Meara

“…Fortunately, rheumatologists and other subspecialists with expertize in the management of chronic autoimmune conditions have become more involved in irAE diagnosis and management and may help navigate treatment. …”
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Decreased Circulating T Regulatory Cells in Egyptian Patients with Nonsegmental Vitiligo: Correlation with Disease Activity by Doaa Salah Hegab, Mohamed Attia Saad Attia

“…Vitiligo is an acquired depigmentary skin disorder resulting from autoimmune destruction of melanocytes. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), specifically CD4+CD25+ and Forkhead box P3+ (FoxP3+) Tregs, acquired notable attention because of their role in a variety of autoimmune pathologies. …”
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IPEX as a Result of Mutations in FOXP3 by Hans J. J. van der Vliet, Edward E. Nieuwenhuis

“…Immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome is a rare disorder caused by mutations in the FOXP3 gene that result in the defective development of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells which constitute an important T cell subset involved in immune homeostasis and protection against autoimmunity. Their deficiency is the hallmark of IPEX and leads to severe autoimmune phenomena including autoimmune enteropathy, dermatitis, thyroiditis, and type 1 diabetes, frequently resulting in death within the first 2 years of life. …”
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Clinical and Pathological Features of Childhood-Onset Nemaline Myopathy: A Report of Four Cases by Chao Jiang, Jianping Wang, Haidong Lu

“…We examined whether immunological abnormalities can be found in the specimens of four childhood-onset nemaline myopathy (NM) patients without autoimmune diseases. Pathological examination revealed that nemaline rods were found in all specimens. …”
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Primary Biliary Cirrhosis and Hemolytic Anemia Confusing Serum Bilirubin Levels by M Brackstone, Cameron N Ghent

“…However, there has been little documention of the association of primary biliary cirrhosis with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Two cases, found within a single practice, of primary biliary cirrhosis coexisting with autoimmune hemolysis and a third case coexisting with hereditary spherocytosis are presented. …”
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An Interesting Case of Bilateral Facial Palsy due to Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis by Rajish Sanjit Kumar Shil, Jamal Ali Teir

“…Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly called Wegener’s granulomatosis) is a systemic autoimmune disease, which can lead to necrotizing vasculitis affecting small vessels and cause inflammation of blood vessels in the nose, sinuses, throat, lungs, and kidneys. …”
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Common variable immunodeficiency: An uncommon cause of bronchiectasis, granulomatous disease, chronic liver disease, and enteropathy – Case report and review of literature by Veena Shamsudeen, Arun Hegde, Uday Bhanu Kovilapu, Nisha Verma, Anurag Jain

“…Nearly 20%–25% of cases develop autoimmune complications such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenia. …”
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The protein tyrosine phosphatase, nonreceptor type 22-1858C->T (rs2476601) polymorphism is not a genetic risk factor for systemic lupus erythematosus in Indian Tamils by Panneer Devaraju, Reena Gulati, Durga Prasanna Misra, Vir Singh Negi

“…Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a systemic autoimmune disease, occurs due to disruption of immune homeostasis against self-antigens. …”
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The Effects of Meditation, Breathing Exercises, and Cold Exposure using the Wim Hof Method on the Autonomic Nervous System: A Systematic Review by Abbas Ghadimi, Sajjad Ghadimi, AmirAli Jafarnezhadgero, Ebrahim Piri

“…Two other studies indicated that exercises associated with the Wim Hof Method positively influence the autonomic nervous system, suggesting potential benefits in managing autoimmune diseases. Conclusion These exercises were notably effective in reducing symptoms of autoimmune diseases. …”
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