THE EFFECT OF ACID ETCHING TREATMENT ON SURFACE PROPERTIES OF DENTAL HARD TISSUE by Maria Iancu, Norina Forna, Aurora Antoniac, Marius Manole, Octavian Trante, Paltanea Veronica, Doriana Forna, Gabriela Cioca, Nicolcescu Pantelie

“…As investigation methods, the surface roughness was determined based on atomic force microscopy (AFM), and we analyzed the surface morphology in detail using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). …”
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Synthesis and Characterization of Cross-linkable Viologen Derivatives by Şölen Ayaşlıgil, Sermet Koyuncu

“…Thin films of ALV-Br salt were then spray coated in the presence of a tetrathiol-based crosslinker (pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercapto-propionate).In the final step, the surface morphology of the crosslinked thin film was examined by Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and compared with the results of the non-crosslinked one. …”
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Synthesis of Layered Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposites of Zinc and Copper by Laser Ablation in Liquid by V. T. Karpukhin, M. M. Malikov, T. I. Borodina, G. E. Val'yano, O. A. Gololobova

“…Dependence of the formation dynamics of these composites on an exposure time of radiation and on an aging time of colloids was studied by the absorption spectroscopy, by X-ray diffraction, by scanning electron (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Composite (Cu2(OH)3+DS) with bilayered structure was produced by method of laser ablation of the copper metal target in liquid for the first time.…”
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Structural Evolution of Low-Molecular-Weight Poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polystyrene Diblock Copolymer Thin Film by Hui Wu, Xiaohua Huang

“…The structural evolution of low-molecular-weight poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polystyrene (PEO-b-PS) diblock copolymer thin film with various initial film thicknesses on silicon substrate under thermal annealing was investigated by atomic force microscopy, optical microscopy, and contact angle measurement. …”
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From Interfacial Water to Macroscopic Observables: A Review by Alberto Striolo

“…The goal of the present review is to compile recent results obtained along these research objectives, for the most part obtained by simulation studies, to discuss some experimental techniques that appear most adequate to validate the simulation results (specular X-ray reflectivity, ultrafast IR spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and others), and to propose possible research topics to further develop this field. …”
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Direct Growth of High-Quality InP Layers on GaAs Substrates by MOCVD by K. F. Yarn, W. C. Chien, C. L. Lin, C. I. Liao

“…The grown films are characterized by optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy and double-crystal X-ray diffraction. …”
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Chemical Etching, AFM, Laser Damage Threshold, and Nonlinear Optical Studies of Potential Nonlinear Optical Crystal: Bis (L-Glutamine) Potassium Nitrate by Redrothu Hanumantharao, S. Kalainathan

“…The grown crystal surface has been analyzed by chemical etching and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies. Amplitude parameters like area roughness, roughness average, valley height, valley depth, peak height, and peak valley height were measured successfully from AFM studies. …”
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A Simple Method for Patterning Nanoparticles on Planar Surfaces by Getachew Tizazu

“…Protein-coated nanoparticles were immobilised on the shaved (protein active) part of the monolayers by dipping the patterned samples into a solution that contains 2% by volume protein-functionalized nanoparticles with a nominal diameter of 40 nm. Atomic force microscopy was used to take a topographic image of the samples. …”
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Photo-Irradiated Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Edible Mushroom Pleurotus florida and Their Antibacterial Activity Studies by Ravishankar Bhat, Raghunandan Deshpande, Sharanabasava V. Ganachari, Do Sung Huh, A. Venkataraman

“…The appearance, size, and shape of the silver nanoparticles are understood by UV-visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The X-ray diffraction studies, energy dispersive X-ray analysis indicate that particles are crystalline in nature. …”
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Mechanistic Features of Nanodiamonds in the Lapping of Magnetic Heads by Xionghua Jiang, Zhenxing Chen, Joy Wolfram, Zhizhou Yang

“…Calculation results reveal that the largest embedded pressure is 731.48 GPa and the critical indentation depth δ is 7 nm. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) were used to carry out surface quality detection and analysis of the disk head. …”
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Effect of Isopropyl Alcohol Concentration and Etching Time on Wet Chemical Anisotropic Etching of Low-Resistivity Crystalline Silicon Wafer by Eyad Abdur-Rahman, Ibrahim Alghoraibi, Hassan Alkurdi

“…The surface morphology of the wafer was analyzed by optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The AFM images confirmed a well-uniform pyramidal structure with various average pyramid sizes ranging from 1 to 1.6 μm. …”
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Macroscopic and Microscopic Characterization of the Effect of “Activation” Process on the Performance of Buton Rock Asphalt-Modified Asphalt by Yafei Li, Meng Guo, Xu Liu

“…In order to further clarify the effect of “activation” process on the properties of BRA-modified asphalt from microlevel, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to test the microproperties of Buton rock asphalt before and after activation. …”
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The Influence of Doping with Transition Metal Ions on the Structure and Magnetic Properties of Zinc Oxide Thin Films by Jenica Neamtu, Marius Volmer

“…The structure and the surface morphology of zinc oxide thin films doped with transition metal (TM) ions have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The magnetic studies were done using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature. …”
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Generation and Characterization of an Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Jet (APPJ) and Its Application in the Surface Modification of Polyethylene Terephthalate by Hom Bahadur Baniya, Rajendra Shrestha, Rajesh Prakash Guragain, Mohan Bahadur Kshetri, Bishnu Prasad Pandey, Deepak Prasad Subedi

“…The surface roughness of the untreated and plasma-treated PET samples was characterized by contact angle measurement, surface energy analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM).…”
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Rheological Properties and Microscopic Characterization of Delayed Decay-Modified Asphalt Based on UV Ageing by Hening Gu, Yongqiang Zhu, Yunchu Zhu, Lijing Chu, Qinyuan Peng, Qian Chen

“…The change law of the surface morphology of light stabilizer-modified asphalt was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) dynamically with the UV aging time extension. …”
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Characterization of eDNA from the Clinical Strain Acinetobacter baumannii AIIMS 7 and Its Role in Biofilm Formation by Praveen K. Sahu, Pavithra S. Iyer, Amrita M. Oak, Karishma R. Pardesi, Balu A. Chopade

“…Membrane vesicles (MV) of varying diameter (20–200 nm) containing DNA were found to be released by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). An assessment of the characteristics of the eDNA with respect to size, digestion pattern by DNase I/restriction enzymes, and PCR-sequencing, indicates a high similarity with genomic DNA. …”
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Controllable Electrochemical Synthesis and Photovoltaic Performance of Bismuth Oxide/Graphene Oxide Nanostructure Arrays by Fatma Bayrakçeken Nişancı

“…The graphene oxide modified metal oxide electrode was successfully manufactured using an electrochemical method and characterized using potential controlled electrochemical deposition, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction techniques, and Raman measurements. …”
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Degradation of Toxic Dye Using Phytomediated Copper Nanoparticles and Its Free-Radical Scavenging Potential and Antimicrobial Activity against Environmental Pathogens by S. Rajeshkumar, M. Vanaja, Arunachalam Kalirajan

“…Surface roughness was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed six distinct intense peaks indicating the crystalline nature of synthesized copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). …”
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Effect of Ar/CH4 Mixture Ratio on Properties of Ag/C:H Nanocomposite Prepared by DC Sputtering by E. Mohsen Soltani, Z. Ghorannevis, M. Shirazi

“…Effect of Ar/CH4 gas mixture ratios was investigated on optical and structural properties of Ag/C:H films by FTIR spectroscopy analysis, X-Ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. In order to evaluate the effect of gas flow ratio on the optical and structural properties of Ag/C:H films, Ar/CH4 gas ratio was changed by keeping the Ar flow rate constant while varying the CH4 gas flow rate (2, 5, and 10 SCCM). …”
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Enhanced Ex Vivo Expansion of Human Hematopoietic Progenitors on Native and Spin Coated Acellular Matrices Prepared from Bone Marrow Stromal Cells by Samiksha Wasnik, Suma Kantipudi, Mark A. Kirkland, Gopal Pande

“…The physicochemical properties (surface roughness, thickness, and uniformity) of native and spin coated acellular matrices (ACM) were studied using scanning and atomic force microscopy (SEM and AFM). Lineage-specific expansion of HSPC, grown on these substrates, was evaluated by immunophenotypic (flow cytometry) and functional (colony forming) assays. …”
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