Potential Role of JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway in the Neurogenic-to-Gliogenic Shift in Down Syndrome Brain by Han-Chung Lee, Kai-Leng Tan, Pike-See Cheah, King-Hwa Ling

“…DS brain is characterized by an increased number of astrocytes with reduced number of neurons. In mouse models for DS, the pool of neural progenitor cells commits to glia rather than neuronal cell fate in the DS brain. …”
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Augmentation of Tonic GABAA Inhibition in Absence Epilepsy: Therapeutic Value of Inverse Agonists at Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors by Adam C. Errington, David W. Cope, Vincenzo Crunelli

“…These results challenge the existing theory that typical absence seizures are underpinned by a widespread loss of GABAergic function in thalamocortical circuits and illustrate a vital role for astrocytes in the pathology of typical absence epilepsy. …”
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Possible Involvement of TLRs and Hemichannels in Stress-Induced CNS Dysfunction via Mastocytes, and Glia Activation by Adam Aguirre, Carola J. Maturana, Paloma A. Harcha, Juan C. Sáez

“…Consequently, activated microglia and astrocytes release ATP and glutamate, affecting myelinization, neuronal development, and survival. …”
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Translocator Protein (18 kDa) Mapping with [I]-CLINDE in the Quinolinic Acid Rat Model of Excitotoxicity: A Longitudinal Comparison with Microglial Activation, Astrogliosis, and Ne... by Nicolas Arlicot, Claire Tronel, Sylvie Bodard, Lucette Garreau, Brice de la Crompe, Inge Vandevelde, Denis Guilloteau, Daniel Antier, Sylvie Chalon

“…Combined immunohistochemical studies showed a marked increase in microglial expression in the lesion, peaking at 14 dpl, and astrocytic reactivity enhanced at 7 and 14 dpl, whereas a prominent neuronal cell loss was observed. …”
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Cerebral hypoperfusion reduces tau accumulation by Ghupurjan Gheni, Mitsuru Shinohara, Masami Masuda‐Suzukake, Akihiko Shindo, Atsushi Watanabe, Kaori Kawai, Guojun Bu, Hidekazu Tomimoto, Masato Hasegawa, Naoyuki Sato

“…An animal model demonstrates that chronic cerebral hypoperfusion reduces tau pathology, which was observed in not only neurons but also astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, we found that astrocytes and microglia were activated in response to tau pathology and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. …”
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Small Extracellular Vesicles Promote Axon Outgrowth by Engaging the Wnt-Planar Cell Polarity Pathway by Samar Ahmad, Tania Christova, Melanie Pye, Masahiro Narimatsu, Siyuan Song, Jeffrey L. Wrana, Liliana Attisano

“…In contrast, sEVs derived from neurons or astrocytes do not promote axon outgrowth, while sEVs from activated astrocytes inhibit elongation. …”
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Cell-specific transcriptional signatures of vascular cells in Alzheimer’s disease: perspectives, pathways, and therapeutic directions by Soumilee Chaudhuri, Minyoung Cho, Julia C. Stumpff, Paula J. Bice, Özkan İş, Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner, Andrew J. Saykin, Kwangsik Nho

“…The neurovascular unit (NVU) is composed of various cell types, including endothelial cells, mural cells (pericytes, smooth muscle cells), fibroblast neurons, microglia, and astrocytes. Dysregulated transcriptional pathways in AD involve multiple pathways, notably immune responses, and angiogenesis common to both endothelial and mural cells. …”
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Major ozonated autohemotherapy promoted functional recovery following spinal cord injury in adult rats via the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation by Xia Liwei, Sun Yongming, Zhou Yue, Yang Qian, Huang Jianhan, Liu Dong

“…MOA offers potential value as a means of protecting spinal cord integrity, potentially through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and regulatory effects that shape the polarization of astrocytes and microglia.…”
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Levo-Tetrahydropalmatine Attenuates Bone Cancer Pain by Inhibiting Microglial Cells Activation by Mao-yin Zhang, Yue-peng Liu, Lian-yi Zhang, Dong-mei Yue, Dun-yi Qi, Gong-jian Liu, Su Liu

“…However, L-THP failed to affect TCI-induced astrocytes activation and IL-1β increase. Conclusion. …”
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Role of Scavenger Receptors in Glia-Mediated Neuroinflammatory Response Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease by Francisca Cornejo, Rommy von Bernhardi

“…It is widely accepted that cells serving immune functions in the brain, namely, microglia and astrocytes, are important mediators of pathological phenomena observed in Alzheimer’s disease. …”
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Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, case series and review of literature by Farrag Mohammad, Ahmed Abd Essattar Abd Elhakeem, Ahmad Algheriany, Ahmed Elshanawany

“…Abstract Background Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma is a rare circumscribed astrocytic glial neoplasm that represents less than 1% of astrocytic tumors. …”
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Interleukin 10 Plays an Important Role in Neonatal Rats with Hypoxic-Ischemia Associated with B-Cell Lymphoma 2 and Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein 29 by Xue Bai, Liu-Lin Xiong, Chang-Le Fang, Hao-Li Zhou, Lu-Lu Xue, Yue Hu, Qing-Jie Xia, Jia Liu, Jun-Yan Zhang, Ting-Hua Wang, Si-Jin Yang

“…The results demonstrated that the IL-10 expression was markedly increased after HI and IL-10 were colocalized with neurons and astrocytes which were badly injured by HI insult. In addition, Bcl-2 and ERp29 were remarkably decreased following IL-10 mRNA interference compared with the NC group. …”
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Hippocampal Neurogenesis and the Brain Repair Response to Brief Stereotaxic Insertion of a Microneedle by Shijie Song, Shuojing Song, Chuanhai Cao, Xiaoyang Lin, Kunyu Li, Vasyl Sava, Juan Sanchez-Ramos

“…Brief stereotaxic insertion and removal of a microneedle into the right hippocampus resulted in (a) significantly increased expression of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), the chemokine MIP-1a, and the proinflammatory cytokine IL12p40; (b) pronounced activation of microglia and astrocytes; and (c) increase in hippocampal neurogenesis. …”
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Distinct expression profile reveals glia involvement in the trigeminal system attributing to post-traumatic headache by Gurueswar Nagarajan, Yumin Zhang

“…In situ assays also revealed that gliosis of satellite glial cells in the TG and astrocytes in the Sp5C were prominent days after injury. …”
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Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 Signalling in Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells during Development and after Injury by Alistair E. Cole, Simon S. Murray, Junhua Xiao

“…Here we review recent studies on BMP4 signalling in the generation of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendroglial cells in the CNS. We also discuss putative mechanisms that BMP4 may utilise to influence glial cell development following CNS injury and highlight some questions for further research.…”
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Iconography of abnormal non-neuronal cells in pediatric focal cortical dysplasia type IIb and tuberous sclerosis complex by Joyce Zhang, Deneen Argueta, Xiaoping Tong, Harry V. Vinters, Gary W. Mathern, Carlos Cepeda

“…In this review, we provide a detailed characterization of abnormal non-neuronal cells including BC/GC, intermediate cells, and dysmorphic/reactive astrocytes found in FCDIIb and TSC cases, with special emphasis on electrophysiological and morphological assessments. …”
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Development and in vitro evaluation of biomimetic injectable hydrogels from decellularized human nerves for central nervous system regeneration by Gopal Agarwal, Kennedy Moes, Christine E. Schmidt

“…Compared to LPS-activated cells on tissue culture plates (TCP), astrocytes within iHPN maintained a quiescent state, as evidenced by reduced GFAP expression and IL-1β secretion. …”
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Emerging PET Radiotracers and Targets for Imaging of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Outlook Beyond TSPO by Vidya Narayanaswami PhD, Kenneth Dahl PhD, Vadim Bernard-Gauthier PhD, Lee Josephson PhD, Paul Cumming PhD, Neil Vasdev PhD

“…The dynamic and multicellular processes of neuroinflammation are mediated by the nonneuronal cells of the central nervous system, which include astrocytes and the brain’s resident macrophages, microglia. …”
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Lipid droplets in central nervous system and functional profiles of brain cells containing lipid droplets in various diseases by Longxiao Zhang, Yunfei Zhou, Zhongbo Yang, Liangchao Jiang, Xinyang Yan, Wenkai Zhu, Yi Shen, Bolong Wang, Jiaxi Li, Jinning Song

“…This article provides a comprehensive review on the composition of LDs in CNS, their generation and degradation processes, their interaction mechanisms with mitochondria, the distribution among different cell types, and the roles played by these cells—particularly microglia and astrocytes—in various prevalent neurological disorders. …”
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Hypertension and Its Impact on Stroke Recovery: From a Vascular to a Parenchymal Overview by Benjamin Maïer, Nathalie Kubis

“…Here, we sought to review the impact of isolated hypertension or hypertension associated to stroke on brain atrophy, neuron connectivity and neurogenesis, and phenotype modification of microglia and astrocytes. Finally, we discuss the impact of antihypertensive therapies on cell responses to hypertension and functional recovery. …”
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