Contribution of Neuronal and Glial Two-Pore-Domain Potassium Channels in Health and Neurological Disorders by Yuncheng Luo, Lu Huang, Ping Liao, Ruotian Jiang

“…We describe recently discovered functions of K2P channels in glia, such as astrocytic passive conductance and glutamate release, microglial surveillance, and myelin generation by oligodendrocytes. …”
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Immune System in the Brain: A Modulatory Role on Dendritic Spine Morphophysiology? by Oscar Kurt Bitzer-Quintero, Ignacio González-Burgos

“…The myeloid cell lineage plays a crucial role in the development of immune responses at the central level, and it comprises two main subtypes: (1) resident microglia, distributed throughout the brain parenchyma; (2) perivascular macrophages located in the brain capillaries of the basal lamina and the choroid plexus. In addition, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, endothelial cells, and, to a lesser extent, neurons are implicated in the immune response in the central nervous system. …”
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Glia and TRPM2 Channels in Plasticity of Central Nervous System and Alzheimer’s Diseases by Jing Wang, Michael F. Jackson, Yu-Feng Xie

“…The transient receptor potential melastatin member 2 (TRPM2) channel is a nonselective Ca2+-permeable channel expressed in both glial cells (microglia and astrocytes) and neurons. Recent studies indicated that TRPM2 regulates synaptic plasticity as well as the activation of glial cells. …”
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A Review: Inflammatory Process in Alzheimer's Disease, Role of Cytokines by Jose Miguel Rubio-Perez, Juana Maria Morillas-Ruiz

“…Inflammatory components related to AD neuroinflammation include brain cells such as microglia and astrocytes, the complement system, as well as cytokines and chemokines. …”
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Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts to Neural Stem Cells by Small Molecules by Yan-Chuang Han, Yoon Lim, Michael D. Duffieldl, Hua Li, Jia Liu, Nimshitha Pavathuparambil Abdul Manaph, Miao Yang, Damien J. Keating, Xin-Fu Zhou

“…Furthermore, the SMINS cells are able to differentiate into astrocytes, functional neurons, and oligodendrocytes in vitro and in vivo. …”
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Progress in Therapy Development for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis by Kalina Venkova-Hristova, Alexandar Christov, Zarine Kamaluddin, Peter Kobalka, Kenneth Hensley

“…It is know appreciated that motor neuron degeneration in ALS requires active (gain of function) and passive (loss of function) events to occur in non-neuronal cells, especially astrocytes and microglia. These neuroinflammatory processes produce paracrine factors that detrimentally affect motor neurons, precipitating protein aggregation and compromising cytoskeletal integrity. …”
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Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha: A Link between Neuroinflammation and Excitotoxicity by Gabriel Olmos, Jerònia Lladó

“…In addition, TNF-α can potentiate glutamate-mediated cytotoxicity by two complementary mechanisms: indirectly, by inhibiting glutamate transport on astrocytes, and directly, by rapidly triggering the surface expression of Ca+2 permeable-AMPA receptors and NMDA receptors, while decreasing inhibitory GABAA receptors on neurons. …”
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Improved Method for the Quantification of Motility in Glia and Other Morphologically Complex Cells by Mari Sild, Robert P. Chatelain, Edward S. Ruthazer

“…Cells such as astrocytes and radial glia with many densely ramified, fine processes pose particular challenges for the quantification of structural motility. …”
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Gamisoyo-San Ameliorates Neuroinflammation in the Spinal Cord of hSOD1G93A Transgenic Mice by MuDan Cai, Eun Jin Yang

“…We observed that GSS reduces the expression of glial markers, including those for microglia and astrocytes, and prevents neuronal loss. Moreover, we found that GSS inhibits the expression of proteins related to Toll-like receptor 4 signaling and oxidative stress, known to cause neuroinflammation. …”
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DNA repair in cancer stem cells as a factor for glioma resistance to radiotherapy by Yu. S. Makusheva, G. L. Dianov

“…It accounts for characteristics of these cells, namely, the capability of self-renewal and differentiation into astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons. Moreover, these cells bear multiple genetic lesions typical of cancer cells. …”
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Hyaluronan Synthesis, Catabolism, and Signaling in Neurodegenerative Diseases by Larry S. Sherman, Steven Matsumoto, Weiping Su, Taasin Srivastava, Stephen A. Back

“…HA is also found in the white matter where it is diffusely distributed around astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Insults to the CNS lead to long-term elevation of HA within damaged tissues, which is linked at least in part to increased transcription of HA synthases. …”
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Adrenomedullin as a Growth and Cell Fate Regulatory Factor for Adult Neural Stem Cells by Sonia Martínez-Herrero, Ignacio M. Larráyoz, Laura Ochoa-Callejero, Josune García-Sanmartín, Alfredo Martínez

“…AM regulates the proliferation rate and the differentiation into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes of stem/progenitor cells, probably through the PI3K/Akt pathway. …”
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Distribution of Adiponectin Receptors 1 and 2 in the Rat Olfactory Bulb and the Effect of Adiponectin Injection on Insulin Receptor Expression by Alfredo Miranda-Martínez, Octavio Fabián Mercado-Gómez, Virginia Arriaga-Ávila, Rosalinda Guevara-Guzmán

“…We found that AdipoRs were localized in all cell layers and in both neurons and astrocytes. We observed the presence of mRNA transcripts and immunoblot analysis confirmed the protein on the intact OB; APN injection in the OB resulted in a slight decrease of the total InsR and Akt phosphorylation and a reduction of phopho-InsR content. …”
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Neural Mobilization Treatment Decreases Glial Cells and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in the Central Nervous System in Rats with Neuropathic Pain Induced by CCI in R... by Aline Carolina Giardini, Fabio Martinez dos Santos, Joyce Teixeira da Silva, Mara Evany de Oliveira, Daniel Oliveira Martins, Marucia Chacur

“…These findings may improve the knowledge about the involvement of astrocytes, microglia, and BDNF in the chronic pain and show that NM treatment, which alleviates neuropathic pain, affects glial cells and BDNF expression.…”
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The Pivotal Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase in the Glioma Microenvironment: Its Biomarker and Therapy Potentials by Seidu A. Richard, Kuugbee D. Eugene

“…The glioma microenvironment is a dynamic component that comprises, besides glioma cells and glioma stem cells, a complex network that comprises diverse cell types like endothelial cells, astrocytes, and microglia as well as stromal components, soluble factors, and the extracellular membrane. …”
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Complex Inflammation mRNA-Related Response in ALS Is Region Dependent by Sara Berjaoui, Mónica Povedano, Paula Garcia-Esparcia, Margarita Carmona, Ester Aso, Isidre Ferrer

“…Increased numbers of astrocytes and activated microglia are found in the anterior horn of the spinal cord and pyramidal tracts. …”
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Chitosan suitability to adhesion, neuronal differentiation and maturation of hiPSCs compared to Matrigel coated substrates by Sara Grasselli, Donatella Di Lisa, Pier Francesco Ferrari, Sergio Martinoia, Laura Pastorino

“…Moreover, the early-stage differentiation was carried out onto CHI coated micro-electrode arrays in co-culture with primary astrocytes followed by the complete maturation of the neuronal network as demonstrated by recorded spontaneous electrophysiological activity.…”
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Adolescent mice exposed to TBI developed PD-like pathology in middle age by Rong Sha, Mingzhe Wu, Pengfei Wang, Ziyuan Chen, Wei Lei, Shimiao Wang, Shun Gong, Guobiao Liang, Rui Zhao, Yingqun Tao

“…Moreover, the present of chronic inflammation was observed in SN of TBI mice, as evidenced by the enhancement of proinflammatory cytokines and reactive astrocytes and microgliosis post lesion. The enhanced phagocytosis of reactive microglia accounted for the reduction of dendrite spines. …”
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Central amygdala neuroimmune signaling in alcohol use disorder by Mariam Melkumyan, Patrick A. Randall, Yuval Silberman

“…Chronic alcohol consumption disrupts neuroimmune signaling, leading to altered cytokine expression and activation of glial cells, including astrocytes and microglia. These changes contribute to the dysregulation of neural circuits involved in reward and stress, perpetuating alcohol-seeking behavior and relapse. …”
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Behavioral Improvement and Regulation of Molecules Related to Neuroplasticity in Ischemic Rat Spinal Cord Treated with PEDF by Chary Marquez Batista, Leonardo Luis Torres Bianqui, Bruno Bonganha Zanon, Mauricio Menezes Aben Athar Ivo, Gabriela Pintar de Oliveira, Jessica Ruivo Maximino, Gerson Chadi

“…Eph receptors and ephrins were found in specific populations of neurons and astrocytes. PEDF treatment to SC injury triggered neuroplasticity in lumbar CPG and regulation of neurotrophic factors, extracellular matrix molecules, and ephrins.…”
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