Increased TSPO alleviates neuropathic pain by preventing pyroptosis via the AMPK-PGC-1α pathway by Baolong Li, Kaiming Yu, Xiongyao Zhou, Jialu Sun, Le Qi, Weiye Li, Tuo Yang, Weizhen Li, Ningning Wang, Xiaosong Gu, Shusen Cui, Rangjuan Cao

“…Immunofluorescence staining confirmed that TSPO was primarily localized in astrocytes, and its expression mirrored the protective effects on mitochondrial health and pyroptosis prevention. …”
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Iron induces blood-brain barrier alteration contributing to cognitive impairment in β-thalassaemia mice by Parinda Jamrus, Nuttanan Pholngam, Benjaporn Kiatpakdee, Kittikun Viwatpinyo, Jim Vadolas, Sukonthar Ngampramuan, Saovaros Svasti, Pornthip Chaichompoo

“…While iron-loading had no effect on astrocytes, elevated Iba1 expression in microglia suggests microglia activation as a protective response. …”
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The Promising Key Factors Mediating Secondary Neuronal Damage in the Perihematomal Region of Intracerebellar Hemorrhage of Mice by Saandeep Bhatia, Ramissh Paramasivam, Mohd Khairul Izamil Bin Zolkefley, Regunath Kandasamy, Sangu Muthuraju, Jafri Malin Abdullah

“…Morphological studies of the PH and tissue showed that neuronal damage occurred from day 1 onward and peaked on day 3, associated with alterations in NO, reactive astrocytes (GFAP), glutamate transport regulation (EAAT1), and GABA receptor. …”
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Aspects of Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Related to Neuroprotection, Regeneration, and Functional Plasticity in the Adult Brain by N. David Åberg, Katarina Gustafson Brywe, Jörgen Isgaard

“…Plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS) may be viewed as changes in the functional interplay between the major cell types, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. GH and IGF-I affect all three of these cell types in several ways. …”
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Angiotensin IV Receptors in the Rat Prefrontal Cortex: Neuronal Expression and NMDA Inhibition by Zsolt Tamás Papp, Polett Ribiczey, Erzsébet Kató, Zsuzsanna E. Tóth, Zoltán V. Varga, Zoltán Giricz, Adrienn Hanuska, Mahmoud Al-Khrasani, Ákos Zsembery, Tibor Zelles, Laszlo G. Harsing, László Köles

“…Results: AT4R/IRAP expression was detected in pyramidal cells and GABAergic interneurons, but not in microglia or astrocytes, in layer V of the PFC in 9–12-day-old and 6-month-old rats. …”
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Viral encephalitis and seizures cause rapid depletion of neuronal progenitor cells and alter neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus by Alberto Pauletti, Polina Gurlo, Edna Weiß, Ana Beatriz DePaula-Silva, Karen S. Wilcox, Sonja Bröer

“…They resumed proliferation at 14 dpi, but, did not recover to CTR levels, and displayed aberrant migration patterns. (2) The number of proliferating NSCs significantly decreased within the dorsal DG of TMEV mice at 14 dpi compared to CTR, while (3) a heightened population of proliferating astrocytes was observed. Most observed changes were not different between seizing and non-seizing infected mice. …”
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Neuroprotection against Amyloid-β-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks Is Mediated by Multiple Retinoic Acid-Dependent Pathways by Julien Colas, Natacha Chessel, Allaeddine Ouared, Emmanuelle Gruz-Gibelli, Pascale Marin, François R. Herrmann, Armand Savioz

“…In this study, we have investigated the role of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) as a neuroprotective agent against Aβ1-42-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in neuronal SH-SY5Y and astrocytic DI TNC1 cell lines and in murine brain tissues, by single-cell gel electrophoresis. …”
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The sexually dimorphic expression of glutamate transporters and their implication in pain after spinal cord injury by Jennifer M. Colón-Mercado, Aranza I. Torrado-Tapias, Iris K. Salgado, José M. Santiago, Samuel E. Ocasio Rivera, Dina P. Bracho-Rincon, Luis H. Pagan Rivera, Jorge D. Miranda

“…The expression profile of glutamatergic transporters (excitatory amino acid transporter 1/glutamate aspartate transporter and excitatory amino acid transporter 2/glutamate transporter-1) revealed a sexual dimorphism in the rostral, epicenter, and caudal areas of the spinal cord with a pattern of expression primarily on astrocytes. Female rodents showed a significantly higher level of excitatory amino acid transporter-1 expression while male rodents showed increased excitatory amino acid transporter-2 expression compared with female rodents. …”
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Bioinformatics insights into mitochondrial and immune gene regulation in Alzheimer's disease by Tian Meng, Yazhou Zhang, Yuan Ye, Hui Li, Yongsheng He

“…Abstract Background There is growing evidence that the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is closely linked to the resident innate immune cells of the central nervous system, including microglia and astrocytes. Mitochondrial dysfunction in microglia has also been reported to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of AD and other neurological diseases. …”
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LncRNA GAS5 inhibits glioma progression through miR-135b-5p/APC axis by ZHANG Jidong, WANG Yutao, JI Jianwen

“…Western blotting and qRT-PCR indicated that GAS5 was down-regulated in the glioma cell lines and tissues than human normal astrocytes and para-cancer tissues (P<0.01). The results of CCK-8, Transwell and wound healing assays revealed that overexpression of GAS5 significantly inhibited the viability, invasion and migration abilities in T98 cells when compared with the cells of the vector group (P<0.01). …”
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APOE Christchurch enhances a disease-associated microglial response to plaque but suppresses response to tau pathology by Kristine M. Tran, Nellie E. Kwang, Claire A. Butler, Angela Gomez-Arboledas, Shimako Kawauchi, Cassandra Mar, Donna Chao, Rocio A. Barahona, Celia Da Cunha, Kate I. Tsourmas, Zechuan Shi, Shuling Wang, Sherilyn Collins, Amber Walker, Kai-Xuan Shi, Joshua A. Alcantara, Jonathan Neumann, Duc M. Duong, Nicholas T. Seyfried, Andrea J. Tenner, Frank M. LaFerla, Lindsay A. Hohsfield, Vivek Swarup, Grant R. MacGregor, Kim N. Green

“…By contrast, in PS19 mice, ApoeCh suppresses the microglial and astrocytic responses to tau-laden neurons and does not reduce tau accumulation or phosphorylation, but partially rescues tau-induced synaptic and myelin loss. …”
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Selected cannabis cultivars modulate glial activation: in vitro and in vivo studies by Sigal Fleisher-Berkovich, Nitzan Sharon, Yvonne Ventura, Valeria Feinshtein, Jonathan Gorelick, Nirit Bernstein, Shimon Ben-Shabat

“…Lumbar sections from the spinal cord of treated MS mice were evaluated for microglia, astrocytes and CD4+ cells. Results Extracts of the CN2 cultivar contained tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) without cannabidiol (CBD), and a number of monoterpenes. …”
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Salvianolic Acid D Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Suppressing the Cytoplasmic Translocation and Release of HMGB1-Triggered NF-κB Activation to Inhibit Inflammat... by Wen Zhang, Junke Song, Wan Li, Dewen Kong, Yu Liang, Xiaoyue Zhao, Guanhua Du

“…What’s more, SalD inhibited HMGB1 cytoplasmic translocation in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in both the cortex and hippocampus regions of I/R rats. …”
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Cellular senescence induced by cholesterol accumulation is mediated by lysosomal ABCA1 in APOE4 and AD by Shaowei Wang, Boyang Li, Jie Li, Zhiheng Cai, Cristelle Hugo, Yi Sun, Lu Qian, Julia TCW, Helena C. Chui, Dante Dikeman, Isaac Asante, Stan G. Louie, David A. Bennett, Zoe Arvanitakis, Alan T. Remaley, Bilal E. Kerman, Hussein N. Yassine

“…In human iPSC-derived astrocytes, the reduction of cholesterol by cyclodextrin attenuated inflammatory responses. …”
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An exceptionally rare case of a diffuse midline glioma with concomitant H3.1 K27M and G34R mutations in the HIST1H3C (H3C3) gene by Zita Reisz, Rita Pereira, Smitha Nevis, Alan Mackay, Leena Bhaw, Yura Grabovska, Ross Laxton, Valeria Molinari, Anna Burford, Barnaby Clark, Cristina Bleil, Bassel Zebian, Erika Pace, Annette Weiser, Fernando Carceller, Lynley Marshall, Andrew King, Istvan Bodi, Safa Al-Sarraj, Chris Jones, Matthew Clarke

“…Histology showed diffusely infiltrating pleomorphic astrocytes, multinucleated cells, and conspicuous mitotic activity; the diagnosis was DMG, H3 K27-altered (immunohistochemistry: H3K27me3 loss, H3K27M positivity). …”
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Ascorbic acid-containing compound efficacy in ischemic brain damage by Rita M. Termulaeva, Konstantin Y. Belanov, Natalya D. Bunyatyan, Aleksander S. Pirozhkov, Dmitrii E. Timoshkin, Ekaterina V. Blinova, Olga V. Vasilkina, Kirill D. Blinov, Elena V. Semeleva, Aleksander A. Dmitriev, Dmitrii S. Blinov

“…Results: Preincubation of cortical cells with 10-100 μM of 3-EA leads to inhibition of [Ca2+]i in cytosol of neurons and astrocytes under GluTox and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions. …”
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Interventional Effect and Mechanism of Acupuncture at Baihui （GV 20） and Qubin （GB 7） Acupoints on Rats with Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage by CHEN Qiuxin, TANG Yihe, LIU Xiaoying, XU Ning, XU Siyu

“…Immunofluorescence method was used to detect the expression of CD36 and TLR4 in astrocytes.Results(1) mNSS score: compared with the sham operation group at the same time, mNSS score of the model group, the acupuncture group and the inhibitor group at 1, 3, 7 days after treatment increased significantly (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05); compared with the model group at the same time, mNSS score of the acupuncture group and the inhibitor group at 1, 3, 7 days after treatment decreased significantly (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05); compared with the acupuncture group at the same time, mNSS score in the inhibitor group at 1 day after treatment decreased significantly (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05). (2) Hematoma volume: compared with the model group at the same time, hematoma volume in the acupuncture group and the inhibitor group at 3, 7 days after treatment decreased significantly, and hematoma volume in the inhibitor group at 1, 3, 7 days after treatment decreased significantly (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05); compared with the acupuncture group at the same time, hematoma volume in the inhibitor group decreased significantly at 1, 3, 7 days after treatment decreased significantly (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05). (3) Protein expression level of CD36 and TLR4: compared with the sham operation group at the same time, the protein expression level of CD36 and TLR4 in the model group, the acupuncture group and the inhibitor group at 1, 3, 7 days after treatment increased significantly (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05); compared with the model group at the same time, the expression level of CD36 protein in the acupuncture group and the inhibitor group at 1, 3, 7 days after treatment increased significantly (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05), and the expression level of TLR4 protein in the acupuncture group and the inhibitor group at 3, 7 days after treatment decreased significantly (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05); compared with the acupuncture group, the expression level of CD36 protein in the inhibitor group at 1, 3, 7 days after treatment increased significantly, and the expression level of TLR4 protein decreased significantly (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05). (4) Expression level of CD36 and TLR4 in GFAP: there was a small amount of CD36 and TLR4 in the brain tissue of rats in the sham operation group. …”
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