Quantification of Antiretroviral Drug Emtricitabine in Human Plasma by Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy by Marguerite R. Butler, Terry A. Jacot, Sucharita M. Dutta, Gustavo F. Doncel, John B. Cooper

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Utilization Patterns and Projected Demand of Antiretroviral Drugs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries by Françoise Renaud-Théry, Carlos Avila-Figueroa, John Stover, Sigrid Thierry, Marco Vitoria, Vincent Habiyambere, Yves Souteyrand

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Assessing HIV/AIDS patients’ access to antiretroviral drugs using the healthcare accessibility framework: a cross-sectional study from Shandong, China by Zhixin Fan, Songlin Zheng, Weiming Cui, Chao Zheng, Qiang Sun, Jia Yin

Subjects: “…Antiretroviral drugs…”
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How Antiretroviral Drug Concentrations Could Be Affected by Oxidative Stress, Physical Capacities and Genetics: A Focus on Dolutegravir Treated Male PLWH by Jessica Cusato, Anna Mulasso, Micol Ferrara, Alessandra Manca, Guido Accardo, Alice Palermiti, Miriam Antonucci, Gianluca Bianco, Francesco Chiara, Jacopo Mula, Maria Cristina Tettoni, Simone Cuomo, Giulia Trevisan, Stefano Bonora, Giovanni Di Perri, Corrado Lupo, Alberto Rainoldi, Antonio D’Avolio

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Clinical testing of antiretroviral drugs as future prevention against vaginal and rectal transmission of HIV infection – a review of currently available results by Vysloužil Jakub, Kubová Kateřina, Tkadlečková Veronika Nováková, Vetchý David

“…This review summarizes the results obtained during long-term clinical testing (2005–2018) of antiretroviral drugs against vaginal and rectal transmission of HIV infection.…”
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Performance of antiretroviral drugs supply chain management and related challenges in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia.... by Meseret Tilahun Zeleke, Berhanemeskel Weldegerima Atsbeha, Belachew Yebeyin Melaku, Yesuneh Tefera Mekasha, Abibo Wondie Mekonen, Shimelis Dagnachew Nigatu

“…However, interruptions in access and stock outs are the major challenges in the supply chain of antiretroviral drugs. The issues are very high, particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia. …”
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Exploring Zinc C295 as a Dual HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitor: From Strand Transfer to 3′-Processing Suppression by Sharif Karim Sayyed, Marzuqa Quraishi, D. S. Prabakaran, Balaji Chandrasekaran, Thiyagarajan Ramesh, Satish Kumar Rajasekharan, Chaitany Jayprakash Raorane, Tareeka Sonawane, Vinothkannan Ravichandran

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Drugs as a cause of perforating dermatoses – a literature review by Lidia Mądrzak, Izabela Staniszewska, Arkadiusz Moskwa, Agnieszka Kalińska-Bienias

“…Perforating dermatoses can be induced by the molecularly targeted therapy drugs (sorafenib, nilotinib, dasatinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, vemurafenib, lenvatinib, sirolimus, bevacizumab, necitumumab, panitumumab, cetuximab, bendamustine-rituximab, terepril), monoclonal antibodies (infliximab, etanercept, ranibizumab, natalizumab), as well as immunomodulatory imide drugs (lenalidomide, leflunomide), antiretroviral drugs (indinavir, telaprevir) and penicillamine. …”
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Kaposi´s sarcoma, epidemic type. Case presentation by Gilberto Serrano Ocaña, Juan Carlos Ortiz Sablon, Ilen Ochoa Tamayo

“…It affects approximately 20% of people with HIV that don’t take antiretroviral drugs. It is more common in homosexual’s patients, but may appear in any HIV positive individual, in Africa where heterosexual HIV transmission route is the most important can also be found in children and women. …”
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Antiretroviral therapies and status of people living with HIV in Japan: An update from hospital survey and national database. by Yoshiyuki Yokomaku, Tatsuya Noda, Mayumi Imahashi, Yuichi Nishioka, Tomoya Myojin, Aikichi Iwamoto, Tomoaki Imamura

“…A significant transition to single-tablet regimens and newer, highly effective antiretroviral drugs was observed, optimizing treatment adherence and outcomes. …”
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Hybrid optimal control for HIV multi-drug therapies: A finite set control transcription approach by Divya Thakur, Belinda Marchand

“…In this study, the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is investigated through an optimal structured treatment interruption (STI) schedule of two classes of antiretroviral drugs, mainly, reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors. …”
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Assessment of Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence among Children Attending Care at a Tertiary Hospital in Southeastern Nigeria by Cletus Akahara, Emeka Nwolisa, Kelechi Odinaka, Seline Okolo

“…Our aim was to assess the antiretroviral drugs adherence status of HIV-infected children attending care at a tertiary hospital in Southeastern Nigeria. …”
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Accessibility to, Acceptability of, and Adherence to HIV/AIDS Prevention Services by Men Who Have Sex with Men: Challenges Encountered at Facility Level by P. C. N. Otambo, A. Makokha, M. Karama, M. Mwangi

“…Over 70% of MSM reported that TB drugs, antiretroviral drugs, lubricants, condoms, and other STI treatment services were accessible. …”
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Characterization of the Protective HIV-1 CTL Epitopes and the Corresponding HLA Class I Alleles: A Step towards Designing CTL Based HIV-1 Vaccine by Sajib Chakraborty, Taibur Rahman, Rajib Chakravorty

“…Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) possesses a major threat to the human life largely due to the unavailability of an efficacious vaccine and poor access to the antiretroviral drugs against this deadly virus. High mutation rate in the viral genome underlying the antigenic variability of the viral proteome is the major hindrance as far as the antibody based vaccine development is concerned. …”
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Challenges in Providing Treatment and Care for Viral Hepatitis among Individuals Co-Infected with HIV in Resource-Limited Settings by Wirach Maek-a-Nantawat, Anchalee Avihingsanon, Pirapon June Ohata

“…The options for antiretroviral drugs are limited and rely on global funds and research facilities. …”
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The Palatability of Lopinavir and Ritonavir Delivered by an Innovative Freeze-Dried Fast-Dissolving Tablet Formulation by David W. Pittman, Alexandra M. Brantly, Alexandra L. Drobonick, Hannah T. King, Daniel C. Mesta, Caroline G. Richards, Manjari Lal, Manshun Lai

“…Negative hedonic sensory qualities of HIV antiretroviral drugs often reduce patient adherence particularly in pediatric populations requiring oral consumption. …”
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Modelling the immunopathogenesis of HIV-1 infection and the effect of multidrug therapy: The role of fusion inhibitors in HAART by Gesham Magombedze, Winston Garira, Eddie Mwenje

“…In this study, we develop a new mathematical model ofthe immuno-pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection, which we use to assess virologicalresponses to both intracellular and extracellular antiretroviral drugs. We firstdevelop a basic mathematical model of the immuno-pathogenesis of HIV-1infection that incorporates three distinct stages in the infection cycle of HIV-1:entry of HIV-1 into the cytoplasm of CD4+ T cells, transcription of HIV-1RNA to DNA within CD4+ T cells, and production of HIV-1 viral particleswithin CD4+ T cells. …”
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Efficacy and safety of an Albuvirtide-based regimen for preventing mother-to-child transmission of multidrug-resistant HIV: a case report by Na Li, Shifei Wen, Fangfang Zhu, Guirong Liu, Daqing Zhu

“…Abstract Background Antiretroviral drugs are essential for preventing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV in HIV-infected pregnant women. …”
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Prevalence and factors associated with xerostomia in patients hospitalized due AIDS-related complications by Jhonatan Yukio Naka, Adryano Arana Kamei, Vanessa C. Klamas, Mateus A. Ventura, Marcelo Morato, Rafael Z. Mobile, Antonio A. S. D. Lima

“…This fact may be associated with low salivary flow and the use of various drugs, including antiretroviral drugs.…”
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Impaired Urine Dilution Capability in HIV Stable Patients by Waldo H. Belloso, Mariana de Paz Sierra, Matilde Navarro, Marisa L. Sanchez, Ariel G. Perelsztein, Carlos G. Musso

“…Viral infection itself and the use of some antiretroviral drugs contribute to this condition. The thick ascending limb of Henle’s loop (TALH) is the tubule segment where free water clearance is generated, determining along with glomerular filtration rate the kidney’s ability to dilute urine. …”
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