Evaluation of naturally occurring IgG anti-Vi antibody titers as predictors and correlates of typhoid fever in Dhaka, Bangladesh by Farhana Khanam, Natasha Y. Rickett, Faisal Ahmmed, Md Taufiqul Islam, Cecilia Kathure Mbae, Justin Im, Asma Binte Aziz, Beatrice Ongadi, Fahima Chowdhury, Ashraful Islam Khan, Afroza Akter, Md Golam Firoj, Sadia Isfat Ara Rahman, Kassa Haile, Se Eun Park, Martin Bundi Mwebia, Moses Mwangi, Benjamin Ngugi, Meseret Gebre Behute, Kelvin Kering, Suneth Agampodi, Suman Kanungo, Xinxue Liu, Andrew J. Pollard, K. Zaman, Deok Ryun Kim, Samuel Kariuki, Firdausi Qadri, John D. Clemens

“…Abstract Background When delivered through vaccination Vi-polysaccharide antigen of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi protects against typhoid by inducing IgG anti-Vi antibodies. …”
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Soluble and cell-based markers of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated nephritis by Sandra M Herrmann, Riley Fadden, Ryan J Sullivan, Kerry L Reynolds, Harish Seethapathy, Meghan E Sise, Shruti Gupta, Alexandra-Chloe Villani, Qiyu Wang, Daiana Moreno, Destiny Harden, R Neal Smith, Ivy A Rosales, Robert B Colvin, Sarah Chute, Lynn D Cornell, Nancy J Yang, Sara Barmettler, Sophia Wells, Jocelyn Farmer

“…Because ICIs block immune checkpoint pathways that include cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), we hypothesized that biomarkers of immune dysregulationpreviously defined in patients with congenital CTLA4 deficiency, including elevated soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha (sIL-2R) and flow cytometric cell-based markers of B and T cell dysregulation in peripheral blood may aid the diagnosis of ICI-nephritis.Methods A retrospective cohort of patients diagnosed with ICI-nephritis was compared with three prospectively enrolled control cohorts: ICI-treated controls without immune-related adverse events, patients not on ICIs with hemodynamic acute kidney injury (hemodynamic AKI), and patients not on ICIs with biopsy proven acute interstitial nephritis from other causes (non-ICI-nephritis). sIL-2R level and flow cytometric parameters were compared between groups using Wilcoxon rank sum test or Kruskal-Wallis test. …”
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Control of BKPyV-DNAemia by a Tailored Viro-Immunologic Approach Does Not Lead to BKPyV-Nephropathy Progression and Development of Donor-Specific Antibodies in Pediatric Kidney Tra... by Michela Cioni, Stella Muscianisi, Marica De Cicco, Sabrina Basso, Hans H. Hirsch, Iris Fontana, Laura Catenacci, Jessica Bagnarino, Mariangela Siciliano, Oriana Montana Lampo, Gloria Acquafredda, Lou Tina Diana Boti, Jessica Rotella, Eleonora Bozza, Jennifer Zumelli, Kristiana Mebelli, Fausto Baldanti, Massimo Cardillo, Marco Zecca, Arcangelo Nocera, Mario Luppi, Enrico Verrina, Fabrizio Ginevri, Patrizia Comoli

“…The presence of cytotoxic populations directed to the BKPyV Large-T (LT) antigen early after transplantation protected kidney recipients from developing BKPyV replication, and the appearance of LT-specific T cells in viruric patients prevented the development of BKPyV-DNAemia. …”
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Exploring the role of ESR1 mutations in metastatic hormone receptor-positive breast cancer T cell immune surveillance disruption by Morgane Lopez, Laurie Spehner, Fabrice André, Julien Viot, Evan Seffar, Amélie Marguier, Elsa Curtit, Guillaume Meynard, Erion Dobi, Sylvain Ladoire, Romain Boidot, Romain Loyon, Valentin Derangere, François-Clément Bidard, Christophe Borg, Laura Mansi, Marie Kroemer

“…In a data set generated from BC patients refractory to conventional therapy we showed that ESR1 mutations are correlated in advanced diseases with downregulation of molecules involved in antigen presentation and with loss HLA Class I gene expression. …”
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Food insecurity and the risk of HIV acquisition: findings from population-based surveys in six sub-Saharan African countries (2016–2017) by Danielle Barradas, Nicholus Mutenda, Hetal Patel, Avi J Hakim, Lloyd Mulenga, Sally Findley, Andrea Low, George Rutherford, Sarah Ayton, Elizabeth Gummerson, Amee Schwitters, Rogerio Bonifacio, Mekleet Teferi, James Juma, Claudia Ahpoe, Choice Ginindza, Samuel Biraro, Karam Sachathep, Ahmed Saadani Hassani, Willford Kirungi, Keisha Jackson, Leah Goeke, Neena Philips, Jennifer Ward, Steven Hong

“…Objective To assess the potential bidirectional relationship between food insecurity and HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa.Design Nationally representative HIV impact assessment household-based surveys.Setting Zambia, Eswatini, Lesotho, Uganda and Tanzania and Namibia.Participants 112 955 survey participants aged 15–59 years with HIV and recency test results.Measures Recent HIV infection (within 6 months) classified using the HIV-1 limited antigen avidity assay, in participants with an unsuppressed viral load (>1000 copies/mL) and no detectable antiretrovirals; severe food insecurity (SFI) defined as having no food in the house ≥three times in the past month.Results Overall, 10.3% of participants lived in households reporting SFI. …”
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Strategies adopted by men to deal with uncertainty and anxiety when following an active surveillance/monitoring protocol for localised prostate cancer and implications for care: a... by Chris Metcalfe, Jenny Donovan, Julia Wade, Vincent J Gnanapragasam, Michael Davis, David Neal, Richard Martin, Athene Lane, Edward Rowe, Freddie Hamdy, James Catto, Emma Turner, David Gillatt, Eleanor Walsh, Derek Rosario, Tim Peters, Roger Kockelbergh, Alan Paul, Peter Holding, Howard Kynaston, Owen Hughes, Prasad Bollina, Alan Doherty, Edgar Paez

“…Nine received radical treatment after a median 4 years (range 0.8–13.8 years).Intervention AM: 3-monthly serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-level assessment (year 1), 6–12 monthly thereafter; increase in PSA ≥50% during previous 12 months or patient/clinician concern triggered review.Main outcomes Thematic analysis of 73 interviews identified strategies to accommodate uncertainty and anxiety of living with untreated cancer; implications for patient care.Results Men sought clarity, control or reassurance, with contextual factors mediating individual responses. …”
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ROR1 CAR-T cells and ferroptosis inducers orchestrate tumor ferroptosis via PC-PUFA2 by Dan Li, Wenjie Zhang, Ruiheng Wang, Shufeng Xie, Yixin Wang, Wanxin Guo, Zixuan Huang, Chaoqun Lu, Liang Shan, Han Liu, Lifang Ma, Xumin Hou, Zhenshu Xu, Jiayi Wang

“…Emerging therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, have shown promise but face significant challenges in targeting solid tumors. …”
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Characterization of Shigella flexneri serotype 6 strains from geographically diverse low- and middle-income countries by Caitlin E. Gabor, Charlotte E. Chong, Jose M. Lemme-Dumit, Tracy H. Hazen, Kate S. Baker, Karen L. Kotloff, Irene N. Kasumba, Sharon M. Tennant, Henry Badji, M. Jahangir Hossain, Richard Omore, Benjamin Ochieng, Alex O. Awuor, Billy Ogwel, Jane Juma, Eileen M. Barry, David A. Rasko

“…Given the genomic diversity of Sf6 compared with other S. flexneri serotypes and Sf6 unique O-antigen core structure, serotype-specific characterization of Sf6 is a critical step to inform Shigella-directed vaccine and alternative therapeutic designs. …”
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Early treatment discontinuation in patients with deficient mismatch repair or microsatellite instability high metastatic colorectal cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors by Chiara Cremolini, Sara Lonardi, Filippo Pietrantonio, Julien Taieb, David Tougeron, Margherita Ambrosini, Michael J Overman, Alice Boilève, Lisa Salvatore, Rosine Guimbaud, Priya Jayachandran, Frank A Sinicrope, Thibault Mazard, Javier Ros, Vincenzo Nasca, Simon Pernot, Emily Alouani, Marie Decraecker, Emilie Hafliger, Pauline Parent

“…Baseline characteristics were well balanced between the two groups: 22% in both groups received both anti-programmed death-(ligand) 1 (anti-PD-(L)1) + anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (anti-CTLA-4); all others received anti-PD-(L)1 monotherapy. …”
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Systematic evaluation of intratumoral and peripheral BCR repertoires in three cancers by Sofia V Krasik, Ekaterina A Bryushkova, George V Sharonov, Daria S Myalik, Elizaveta V Shurganova, Dmitry V Komarov, Irina A Shagina, Polina S Shpudeiko, Maria A Turchaninova, Maria T Vakhitova, Igor V Samoylenko, Dimitr T Marinov, Lev V Demidov, Vladimir E Zagaynov, Dmitriy M Chudakov, Ekaterina O Serebrovskaya

“…The current understanding of humoral immune response in cancer patients suggests that tumors may be infiltrated with diffuse B cells of extra-tumoral origin or may develop organized lymphoid structures, where somatic hypermutation and antigen-driven selection occur locally. These processes are believed to be significantly influenced by the tumor microenvironment through secretory factors and biased cell-cell interactions. …”
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Low transthyretin is associated with the poor prognosis of colorectal cancer by Zhe Zhang, Zhe Zhang, Zhe Zhang, Chenhao Hu, Chenhao Hu, Chenhao Hu, Feiyu Shi, Feiyu Shi, Feiyu Shi, Lei Zhang, Lei Zhang, Lei Zhang, Ya Wang, Ya Wang, Yujie Zhang, Yujie Zhang, Yujie Zhang, Xiaojiang Zhang, Xiaojiang Zhang, Xiaojiang Zhang, Junjun She, Junjun She, Junjun She

“…Comparative analysis revealed that the TTR-higher group exhibited a younger demographic, a higher prevalence of low colorectal cancers, an elevated R0 resection rate, superior differentiation, earlier stage and lower levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in contrast to the TTR-lower group. …”
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Improved Performance of ELISA and Immunochromatographic Tests Using a New Chimeric A2-Based Protein for Human Visceral Leishmaniasis Diagnosis by Maria Marta Figueiredo, Anna R. R. dos Santos, Lara C. Godoi, Natália S. de Castro, Bruno C. de Andrade, Sarah A. R. Sergio, Selma M. B. Jerônimo, Edward J. de Oliveira, Ruth T. Valencia-Portillo, Lucilândia M. Bezerra, Hiro Goto, Maria C. A. Sanchez, Caroline Junqueira, Santuza M. R. Teixeira, Flávio G. da Fonseca, Ricardo T. Gazzinelli, Ana Paula Fernandes

“…Here, we reported on the evaluation of ELISA and an ICT developed with a new chimeric protein, named DTL-4, based on repetitive antigenic sequences, including those present in the A2 protein. …”
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Lactobacillus salivarius metabolite succinate enhances chicken intestinal stem cell activities via the SUCNR1-mitochondria axis by Danni Luo, Minyao Zou, Xi Rao, Mingping Wei, Lingzhi Zhang, Yuping Hua, Lingzi Yu, Jiajia Cao, Jinyi Ye, Sichao Qi, Huanan Wang, Yuling Mi, Caiqiao Zhang, Jian Li

“…Accordingly, succinate could accelerate intestinal epithelial turnover, as indicated by the increased levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2) mRNA and proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein (PCNA), as well as ISC differentiation-related protein leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5). …”
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IL-2-armored peptide-major histocompatibility class I bispecific antibodies redirect antiviral effector memory CD8+ T cells to induce potent anti-cancer cytotoxic activity with lim... by John S. Schardt, Even Walseng, Kim Le, Chunning Yang, Pooja Shah, Ying Fu, Kausar Alam, Cathryn R. Kelton, Yu Gu, Fengying Huang, Jia Lin, Wenhai Liu, Andrew Dippel, Hanzhi Zhang, Kathy Mulgrew, Stacy Pryts, Vijaykumar Chennupati, Hung-Chang Chen, Jessica Denham, Xiaoru Chen, Pallab Pradhan, Yuling Wu, Colin Hardman, Chihao Zhao, Michael Kierny, Yang Song, Simon J. Dovedi, Saso Cemerski, Yariv Mazor

“…Using an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) arm as a proof-of-concept, tumor-associated antigen paired with a single-chain HLA-A *02:01/CMVpp65 pMHC fusion moiety, we demonstrate in vitro that the IL-2-armored GPS modality robustly expands CMVpp65-specific CD8+ effector memory T cells and induces potent cytotoxic activity against target cancer cells. …”
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Development of chimeric Nanobody-Granzyme B functionalized ferritin nanoparticles for precise tumor therapy by Baijin Xia, Huolun Feng, Xinmiao Jiang, Jialing Guo, Keming Lin, Wenxing Zhang, Fan Xing, Lixue Cao, Yong Li, Hui Zhang, Xu Zhang, Wenyu Li, Fei Yu

“…The efficacy of traditional T-cell therapies, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, is often constrained by immunosuppressive factors and the tumor microenvironment. …”
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NTHi killing activity is reduced in COPD patients and is associated with a differential microbiome by Vancheswaran Gopalakrishnan, Ben Sparklin, Jung Hwan Kim, Jerome Bouquet, Margaret Kehl, Tara Kenny, Christopher Morehouse, Carolina Caceres, Paul Warrener, Ventzislava A. Hristova, Susan Wilson, Harini Shandilya, Arnita Barnes, Alexey Ruzin, Junmin Wang, Lisa Oberg, Bastian Angermann, Christopher McCrae, Adam Platt, Daniel Muthas, Sonja Hess, Christine Tkaczyk, Bret R. Sellman, Kristoffer Ostridge, Maria G. Belvisi, Tom M. A. Wilkinson, Karl J. Staples, Antonio DiGiandomenico, on behalf of the MICA II Study Group

“…Significant differences in the IgA titer response were observed against NTHi antigens in COPD vs. HV. Notably, there was also significantly greater killing activity against NTHi in BALF from COPD vs. …”
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The Protective Role of HLA-DRB113 in Autoimmune Diseases by Andreia Bettencourt, Cláudia Carvalho, Bárbara Leal, Sandra Brás, Dina Lopes, Ana Martins da Silva, Ernestina Santos, Tiago Torres, Isabel Almeida, Fátima Farinha, Paulo Barbosa, António Marinho, Manuela Selores, João Correia, Carlos Vasconcelos, Paulo P. Costa, Berta Martins da Silva

“…The protective effect of HLA-DRB113 could be explained by a more proficient antigen presentation by these molecules, favouring efficient clonal deletion during thymic selection.…”
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Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of the Invaplex_AR-Detox <i>Shigella</i> Vaccine Co-Administered with the dmLT Adjuvant in Dutch and Zambian Adults: Study Protoc... by Geert V. T. Roozen, Nsofwa Sukwa, Masuzyo Chirwa, Jessica A. White, Marcus Estrada, Nicole Maier, Kevin R. Turbyfill, Renee M. Laird, Akamol E. Suvarnapunya, Aicha Sayeh, Flavia D’Alessio, Candice Marion, Laura Pattacini, Marie-Astrid Hoogerwerf, Rajagopal Murugan, Manuela Terrinoni, Jan R. Holmgren, Sodiomon B. Sirima, Sophie Houard, Michelo Simuyandi, Meta Roestenberg

“…Invaplex_AR-Detox is an injectable Shigella vaccine that uses a novel combination of conserved invasion plasmid antigen proteins and a serotype-specific bacterial lipopolysaccharide attenuated for safe intramuscular administration. …”
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PD-L1/TLR7 dual-targeting nanobody-drug conjugate mediates potent tumor regression via elevating tumor immunogenicity in a host-expressed PD-L1 bias-dependent way by Wei Huang, Ji Zhou, Jia Li, Yakun Wan, Chao Hu, Meng Liu, Pan Xu, Feng Tang, Jianhua Sun, Xiaolu Yu, Yiru Long, Binfan Chen, Yongliang Tong, Mengwen Shan, Xiaomin Jia, Henglei Lu, Runqiu Chen, Jin Ren, Guangyi Jin, Likun Gong

“…The TLR7 agonists induced broad innate immune responses and intratumoral PD-L1 expression on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and its antitumor effect was dependent on intratumoral delivery. …”
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Cohort profile: the potentially preventable burden of community-acquired pneumonia in South African adults in the era of widespread PCV13 immunisation and antiretroviral therapy ro... by Jo Southern, Kennedy Otwombe, Eileen Dunne, Khuthadzo Hlongwane, Bradford D Gessner, Michelle Wong, Cheryl Cohen, Anne von Gottberg, Elizabeth Begier, Sharon Gray, Ebrahim Variava, Tumelo Moloantoa, Neil Martinson, Firdaus Nabeemeeah, Nadia Sabet, Lebohang M Mlambo, Phetho Mangena, Pattamukkil Abraham, Floris Swanepoel, Fahima Moosa, Mark Fletcher, Bha Ndungane-Tlakula, Jerusha Naidoo, Minja Milovanovic

“…Among StART cohort, 18/950 (1.9%) died during follow-up.Future plans Planned analyses include incidence estimates of pneumococcal serotype-specific adult CAP and its recurrence, using Urinary Antigen Detection assay results to model the burden of pneumococcal CAP better and health economics analyses.…”
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