A Rare Component of Psammomatous Meningioma in a Testicular Teratoma by Fábio Meira Castro Pereira, Marbele Guimarães de Oliveira, Laiana do Carmo Almeida, Bruno Cunha Pires, José de Bessa Júnior

“…At immunohistochemistry, the meningiomatous component showed epithelial membrane antigen, S100 protein, and vimentin positive. Benign neoplasms arising in testicular teratomas are extremely rare. …”
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Evolution of tick vaccinology by José de la Fuente, Srikant Ghosh, Ala Tabor

“…Tick vaccine antigens evolved from organ protein extracts to recombinant proteins to chimera designed by vaccinomics and quantum vaccinomics. …”
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Live Plague Vaccine Development: Past, Present, and Future by Andrey P. Anisimov, Anastasia S. Vagaiskaya, Alexandra S. Trunyakova, Svetlana V. Dentovskaya

“…During the last 100 years, vaccine development has evolved from an empirical approach to one of the more rational vaccine designs where the careful selection of antigens and adjuvants is key to the desired efficacy for challenging pathogens and/or challenging populations. …”
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Duodenal Histoplasmosis Presenting with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in an AIDS Patient by Michael A. Spinner, Heather N. Paulin, C. William Wester

“…For diagnostic evaluation, we recommend checking a urine Histoplasma quantitative antigen EIA as well as upper and/or lower endoscopy with biopsy. …”
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METHOD FOR FMD VIRUS 146S COMPONENT CONCENTRATION DETERMINATION WITH REAL-TIME REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION – POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION IN VACCINE RAW MATERIALS by M. I. Doronin, A. M. Timina, D. A. Lozovoy, V. A. Starikov, D. V. Mikhalishin, N. N. Medvedeva, A. V. Borisov

“…It has been experimentally proven that the quantity of the 146S component determined by the real-time RT-PCR method using developed regression model and contained in the inoculation dose of FMD vaccine confers protection to the vaccinated animals against generalized FMD of A, O, Asia-1 types. rtRT-PCR method is highly sensitive and allows rapid and highly reliable estimation of the 146S antigen concentration in FMD vaccine. The method for 146S particle quantity determination by real-time RT-PCR using the regression model is reliable and demonstrates high correlation (95.5–99.0%) with the complement fixation test results.…”
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Growth Hormone Therapy for Small for Gestational Age Short Stature Develops Type 2 Diabetes by Naohiro Nomura, Yuko Tanabe, Miki Minami, Junji Takaya, Kazunari Kaneko

“…Blood test results were negative for anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase and anti-islet antigen-2 antibodies. The patient discontinued GH therapy and started diet therapy and oral metformin (500 mg/day) administration. …”
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Assessment of the First Commercial ELISA Kit for the Diagnosis of Theileria annulata by Amira A. T. Al-Hosary, Jabbar Ahmed, Ann Nordengrahn, Malik Merza

“…As a reference test, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay depending on T. annulata merozoite surface antigen (Tams-1) was applied. A total of 468 blood samples as well as serum samples were randomly collected from cattle and tested in the PCR as well as in the ELISA developed in this study. …”
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Plasmid Profiles and Prevalence of Intermediately Virulent Rhodococcus equi from Pigs in Nakhonpathom Province, Thailand: Identification of a New Variant of the 70-kb Virulence Pla... by Chaithep Poolkhet, Suksun Chumsing, Worawidh Wajjwalku, Chihiro Minato, Yukiko Otsu, Shinji Takai

“…The isolates were tested for the presence of virulence plasmids and the 20-kDa virulence-associated protein antigen (VapB) gene by PCR. Of the 734 submaxillary lymph nodes tested, 19 (2.6%) produced positive cultures of R. equi. …”
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Family Practitioners and Sexually Transmitted Diseases by Marc Steben

“…Primary prevention of STDs is aimed at reducing or eliminating risks before exposure occurs. and includes counselling on safe sex, condom use. substance abuse, needle/syringe use, and consideration of hepatitis B immunization and universal screening of pregnant women for hepatitis B surface antigen. Secondary prevention refers to the recognition and elimination (if possible) of an STD after exposure and includes early disease detection, adequate STD treatments, screening, human immunodeficiency virus testing with pre- and post test counselling, epidemiological treatment of patient contacts, and hepatitis B prophylaxis by passive or active immunization. …”
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Systematic Review into Diagnostics for Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) by Emily R. Adams, Inge Versteeg, Mariska M. G. Leeflang

“…We recommend well-designed diagnostic accuracy trials that evaluate, side-by-side, all currently available diagnostics, including clinical symptoms, serological, antigen, molecular, and parasitological tests and possible use of statistical modelling to evaluate diagnostics when there is no suitable gold standard.…”
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Beyond Needles: Immunomodulatory Hydrogel-Guided Vaccine Delivery Systems by Md Mohosin Rana, Cigdem Demirkaya, Hector De la Hoz Siegler

“…Effective immunization requires precise vaccine delivery to ensure proper antigen transport and robust immune activation. Traditional vaccine delivery systems, however, face significant challenges, including low immunogenicity and undesirable inflammatory reactions, limiting their efficiency. …”
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Downregulated Copper Homeostasis-Related Gene FOXO1 as a Novel Indicator for the Prognosis and Immune Response of Breast Cancer by Rong Zeng, Bi Peng, Emin Peng

“…Moreover, FOXO1 expression was positively associated with multiple immune checkpoints, such as sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 15 (SIGLEC15), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1/CD274), hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), and programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PDCD1LG2). …”
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CEACAM5 exacerbates asthma by inducing ferroptosis and autophagy in airway epithelial cells through the JAK/STAT6-dependent pathway by Si Liu, Li Chen, Yunxiao Shang

“…An ovalbumin-sensitized mouse model and an IL-13-stimulated Beas-2B cell model were established for further investigation.Results Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) was identified as a crucial gene in asthma. …”
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Ankylosing Spondyloarthritis Resulting Severe Aortic Insufficiency and Aortitis: Exacerbation of Ankylosing Spondyloarthritis and Stenosis of the Main Left Coronary Artery after Me... by Agnė Balčiūnaitė, Algimantas Budrikis, Eglė Rumbinaitė, Jurgita Sabaliauskienė, Vaiva Patamsytė, Vaiva Lesauskaitė

“…Ankylosing spondyloarthritis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease, strongly related to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27. Cardiac involvement in AS manifests in 2 to 10% of patients as aortic insufficiency, aortitis, mitral valve fibrosis, or disturbance in the conduction of the heart. …”
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The gut microbiome, immune modulation, and cognitive decline: insights on the gut-brain axis by Ruyi Zhang, Ruyi Zhang, Ning Ding, Xicui Feng, Wenli Liao

“…Research indicates that gut bacteria produce metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which affect mucosal immunity, antigen presentation, and immune responses, thereby influencing cognitive functions. …”
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Isolated Testicular Metastasis Diagnosed More than a Decade and a Half Post Primary Treatment for Prostate Cancer by Nassib F. Abou Heidar, Gerges Bustros, Jose M. El-Asmar, Bassel Zein Sabatto, Jad A. Degheili

“…Despite optimal management, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels rose back up, upon which a PET/CT 68Gallium scan demonstrated an isolated left testicular lesion that turned out to be of prostatic origin following orchiectomy. …”
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PYR-41 and Thalidomide Impair Dendritic Cell Cross-Presentation by Inhibiting Myddosome Formation and Attenuating the Endosomal Recruitments of p97 and Sec61 via NF-κB Inactivation... by Xiang You, Dan Dan Xu, Di Zhang, Jie Chen, Feng Guang Gao

“…Cross-presentation allows dendritic cells (DC) to present endogenous antigen and induce protective immunity against microbe infection and tumors. …”
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A Novel Strain of <i>Orientia tsutsugamushi</i> Detected from Chiggers (Acari: Trombiculidae) on Wild Rodents by Hak Seon Lee, Seong Yoon Kim, Hee Il Lee

“…We found that a new strain of <i>O. tsutsugamushi</i> formed a unique clade based on a 56-kDa type-specific antigen gene and showed 63.2–77.8% similarity to other strains of the same species. …”
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A Brief Review on Diagnosis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease of Livestock: Conventional to Molecular Tools by Neeta Longjam, Rajib Deb, A. K. Sarmah, Tilling Tayo, V. B. Awachat, V. K. Saxena

“…Nucleotide sequencing for serotyping, microarray as well as recombinant antigen-based detection, biosensor, phage display, and nucleic-acid-based diagnostic are on the way for rapid and specific detection of FMDV. …”
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Toll-Like Receptors in Natural Killer Cells and Their Application for Immunotherapy by Ji-Yoon Noh, Suk Ran Yoon, Tae-Don Kim, Inpyo Choi, Haiyoung Jung

“…They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and trigger innate immune responses by inducing inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, antigen-presenting molecules, and costimulatory molecules. …”
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