Serum NGAL to Clinically Distinguish Cholangiocarcinoma from Benign Biliary Tract Diseases by Kawin Leelawat, Siriluck Narong, Jerasak Wannaprasert, Surang Leelawat

“…Their sera were measured for the levels of NGAL and the widely used serum cholangiocarcinoma marker, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). Results. The serum CA19-9 and NGAL levels were significantly elevated in cholangiocarcinoma patients (CA19-9: 𝑃<.001, NGAL: 𝑃<.001). …”
Get full text

A Prospective Study of Clinical Features of Anterior Uveitis in Taiwan by Wei-Yu Chiang, Shih-Chou Chen, Shwu-Jiuan Sheu, Hsi-Kung Kuo

“…The most common clinical diagnoses were idiopathic AU (37.5%), human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27-associated acute AU (25.0%), and herpetic AU (18.8%). …”
Get full text

Combination of AAV-CCL19 and GPC3 CAR-T Cells in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Min Meng, Yi-chen Wu

“…Background. Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cell (CAR-T) therapy has great potential for treating malignant tumors, especially hematological malignancies. …”
Get full text

Legionnaires' Disease with Facial Nerve Palsy by Shailesh R. Basani, Salwa Mohamed Ahmed, Eyassu Habte-Gabr

“…Chest X-ray showed bilateral lower lobe infiltrates. Urinary antigen assay for Legionella pneumophilia serogroup 1 was positive. …”
Get full text

Review on Haploidentical Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies by William A. Fabricius, Muthalagu Ramanathan

“…Alternative options such as unrelated umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation and haploidentical HSCT have been increasingly studied in the past few decades to overcome these obstacles. A human leukocyte antigen- (HLA-) haploidentical donor is a recipient’s relative who shares an exact haplotype with the recipient but is mismatched for HLA genes on the unshared haplotype. …”
Get full text

Concurrent COVID-19 and Acute HIV: A Case Report and Diagnostic Review by Kelly A. Johnson, Sally Graglia, Elizabeth D. Lynch, Joanna De Mesa, Erin Antunez, Sandra Torres, Susa Coffey, Stephanie E. Cohen

“…Workup not only confirmed a diagnosis of COVID-19 but also revealed discordant HIV test results, with a reactive fourth-generation antigen/antibody test but a negative HIV-1/2 differentiation immunoassay. …”
Get full text

Late Relapse of Previous Pulmonary Cryptococcosis With Symptoms Resembling Cerebral Infarction: A Case Report by Anatoli Pinchuk, Gernot Geginat, Volker Rickerts, Belal Neyazi, Klaus Peter Stein, Christian Mawrin, I. Erol Sandalcioglu, Ali Rashidi

“…Subsequently, cryptococcal antigen was detected in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and C. neoformans was cultivated from CSF. …”
Get full text

Detection of Human Papillomavirus Type 2 Related Sequence in Oral Papilloma by Taihei Yamaguchi, Masanobu Shindoh, Akira Amemiya, Nobuo Inoue, Masaaki Kawamura, Hiroshi Sakaoka, Masakazu Inoue, Kei Fujinaga

“…In situ staining demonstrated virus capsid antigen in koilocytotic cells and surrounding cells in the hyperplastic epithelial layer. …”
Get full text

Visceral Leishmaniasis or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Flare? by Sunny Garg, Mousumi Kundu, Amit Nandan Dhar Dwivedi, Lalit Prashant Meena, Neeraj Varyani, Asif Iqbal, Kamlakar Tripathi

“…Despite negative results of rk-39 test and bone marrow biopsy, a very high suspicion for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) led us to go for direct agglutination test (DAT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for leishmanial antigen that revealed positive results. Moreover, significant improvement in clinical and biochemical parameters was noted on starting the patient on antileishmanial therapy.…”
Get full text

Alternanthera mosaic potexvirus: Several Features, Properties, and Application by Ekaterina Donchenko, Ekaterina Trifonova, Nikolai Nikitin, Joseph Atabekov, Olga Karpova

“…Furthermore, AltMV virions and VLPs demonstrate high immunogenicity, enhancing the immune response to the target antigen thus offering the possibility of being used as potential adjuvants. …”
Get full text

A Case of Immunotherapy-Induced Colitis Complicated by Perforation and Treated with Infliximab Postoperatively by Lukas Delasos, Aakash Desai, Nerea Lopetegui Lia, Nikhila Kethireddy, Carolyn Ray

“…Severe colitis has been reported in approximately 5% of patients treated with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors, such as ipilimumab. …”
Get full text

Induction of Tolerance via the Sublingual Route: Mechanisms and Applications by Philippe Moingeon, Laurent Mascarell

“…The oral immune system comprises various antigen-presenting cells, including Langerhans cells, as well as myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs) with a distinct localisation in the mucosa, along the lamina propria and in subepithelial tissues, respectively. …”
Get full text

Major Histocompatibility Complex Genes as Therapeutic Opportunity for Immune Cold Molecular Cancer Subtypes by Paweł Karpiński, Łukasz Łaczmański, Maria M. Sąsiadek

“…Current immunotherapies are effective only in a subset of patients, likely due to several factors including defects in tumor cell antigen presentation, decreased response to immune effectors, and molecular heterogeneity of cancers. …”
Get full text

Hsp70 and Its Molecular Role in Nervous System Diseases by Giuseppina Turturici, Gabriella Sconzo, Fabiana Geraci

“…Hsp70 functions as a chaperone and protects neurons from protein aggregation and toxicity (Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, polyglutamine diseases, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), protects cells from apoptosis (Parkinson disease), is a stress marker (temporal lobe epilepsy), protects cells from inflammation (cerebral ischemic injury), has an adjuvant role in antigen presentation and is involved in the immune response in autoimmune disease (multiple sclerosis). …”
Get full text

Tumor cells escape immunosurveillance by hampering LFA-1 by Shishir Upadhyay, Lewis Murugu, Lena Svensson, Lena Svensson

“…Integral to this process is the integrin Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen 1 (LFA-1). LFA-1 facilitates adhesion during leukocyte migration and helps establish stable cell-to-cell contacts between leukocytes and their targets. …”
Get full text

Toll-Like Receptor-Based Strategies for Cancer Immunotherapy by Saghar Pahlavanneshan, Ali Sayadmanesh, Hamidreza Ebrahimiyan, Mohsen Basiri

“…These strategies include systemic administration of TLR antagonist along with immune cell transfer and also genetic engineering of the immune cells using TLR signaling components to improve the function of genetically engineered immune cells such as chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells. Here, we explore the current status of the cancer immunotherapy approaches based on manipulation of TLR signaling to provide a perspective of the underlying rationales and potential clinical applications. …”
Get full text

Both Maturation and Survival of Human Dendritic Cells are Impaired in the Presence of Anergic/Suppressor T Cells by L. Frasca, C. Scottà, G. Lombardi, E. Piccolella

“…Mouse anergic T cells were shown to suppress responder T cell activation by inhibiting the antigen presenting function of DC. In the present work we studied the effects of co-culturing human anergic CD4+ T cells with autologous dendritic cells (DC) at different stages of maturation. …”
Get full text

Adverse Immunologically Mediated Oral Mucosal Reactions to Systemic Medication: Lichenoid Tissue Reaction/Interface Dermatitis-Stomatitis, Autoimmune Vesiculobullous Disease, and I... by R. A. G. Khammissa, R. Chandran, A. Masilana, J. Lemmer, L. Feller

“…The type of hypersensitivity immune response generated, whether antibody mediated or T cell mediated, or an immune complex reaction is determined by multiple factors, including the molecular characteristics of the allergen, the route of administration of the medication, the manner of presentation of the allergen by antigen-presenting cells to naïve T cells, the repertoire of the T cell receptors, and the cytokine profile within the microenvironment. …”
Get full text

Anti-CCP: History and its Usefulness by M. Herold, V. Boeser, E. Russe, W. Klotz

“…All three CCP2 assays show similar results as all CCP2 assays use the same antigen-coated plates. This study was an evaluation of a new automated method for the determination of anti-CCP2 in a routine laboratory setting. …”
Get full text

Eosinophilic esophagitis: literature review and original case presentation by V. T. Ivashkin, Ye. K. Baranskaya, V. O. Kaybysheva, Ye. V. Ivanova, Ye. D. Fedorov

“…Eosinophilic esophagitis is chronic immune antigen-mediated inflammatory disease of the esophagus with still obscure etiopathogenesis. …”
Get full text