The Role of TLR4 on B Cell Activation and Anti-β2GPI Antibody Production in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome by Si Cheng, Haibo Wang, Hong Zhou

“…However, TLR4 provides a third signal for B cell activation and then promotes B cells better receiving signals from both B cell antigen receptor (BCR) and CD40, thus promoting B cell activation, surface molecules expression, anti-β2GPI Ab production, and cytokines secretion and making B cell functioning like an antigen presenting cell (APC). …”
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CAR T cells for treating autoimmune diseases by Dimitrios Mougiakakos, Ulrike Koehl, Stephan Fricke, Ulrich Blache, Sandy Tretbar

“…In the wake of its success in cancer therapy, adoptive transfer of engineered T cells modified with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) for target recognition could now become a therapeutic option for some autoimmune diseases. …”
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Immune responses of cattle vaccinated by various routes with Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) by Mitchell V. Palmer, Soyoun Hwang, Carly Kanipe, Ellie J. Putz, Luis Guilherme Virgilio Fernandes, Anna Didkowska, Paola M. Boggiatto

“…Sixteen weeks post-vaccination all but 1 animal was negative, it being categorized as a suspect. An in vitro antigen stimulation assay and flow cytometry were used to detect antigen-specific CD4, CD8 and γδ T cell responses following vaccination. …”
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Acquisition of innate B cell properties and generation of autoreactive IgA antibodies by follicular B cells during homeostatic proliferation by Laura Kampe, Laura Kampe, Christian Melcher, Christian Melcher, Katrin Westphal, Katrin Westphal, Korbinian Brand, Niko Föger, Niko Föger, Kyeong-Hee Lee, Kyeong-Hee Lee

“…During homeostatic proliferation, B cells undergo antigen-independent clonal expansion and differentiation into antibody-producing plasma cells (PCs). …”
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Reducing the solubility of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 by particle-loading mitigates Th2 responses by Amin Kraiem, Erica Pelamatti, Sophie Grosse-Kathoefer, Hilal Demir, Ute Vollmann, Caroline Ehgartner, Maria Stigler, Benjamin Punz, Litty Johnson, Nicola Hüsing, Barbara Bohle, Lorenz Aglas

“…The reduction in sensitization capacity of insoluble, particle-loaded antigens results from enhanced antigen uptake and presentation compared to soluble allergens.…”
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Seroprevalence characteristics of hepatitis E virus among blood donors infected with hepatitis B virus by YU Qin, XU Tingting, YANG Hao, ZHAO Lei

“…[Results] In the HBV group, HBsAg positive donors exhibited low expression of antigen. The HBV DNA load of OBI infected donors ranged from 1 to 131.43 IU/mL (median 11.24 IU/mL). …”
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Mediators of Inflammation and Immune Responses in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract by E. Arranz, A. S. Peña, D. Bernardo

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Sarcoidosis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies by Danfeng Xu, Xiaohua Tao, Yibin Fan, Yan Teng

“…Recent studies have made outstanding achievement in understanding the pathology, etiology, genetics, and immune dysregulation involved in granuloma formation of sarcoidosis. Antigen stimulation in genetically predisposed individuals enhances the phagocytic activity of antigen-presenting cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells. …”
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Direct visualization of peptide/MHC complexes at the surface and in the intracellular compartments of cells infected in vivo by Leishmania major. by Eric Muraille, Pierre Gounon, Julie Cazareth, Johan Hoebeke, Christoph Lippuner, Ana Davalos-Misslitz, Toni Aebischer, Sylviane Muller, Nicolas Glaichenhaus, Evelyne Mougneau

“…To directly visualize the antigen presenting cells that present parasite-derived peptides to CD4+ T cells, we have generated a monoclonal antibody that reacts to an antigenic peptide derived from the parasite LACK antigen bound to I-Ad Major Histocompatibility Complex class II molecule. …”
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KRAS Mutation in Serous Borderline Tumor of the Testis: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature by Sarah Bouri, Jean-Christophe Noël, Xavier Catteau, Walid Al Hajj Obeid, Ilyas Svistakov, Thierry Roumeguère, Nicky D’Haene, Sandrine Rorive

“…The tumor cells express cytokeratin 7 (CK7), cytokeratin 5-6 (CK5-6), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), Wilm’s tumor gene (WT1), paired box gene 8 (PAX8), Ber-EP4, and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). …”
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Dengue Outbreak in a Hilly State of Arunachal Pradesh in Northeast India by Siraj A. Khan, Prafulla Dutta, Rashmee Topno, Monika Soni, Jagadish Mahanta

“…The majority of suspected cases reported NS1 antigen positivity. Females and young adults were mostly affected. …”
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Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes mediate complete and durable remission in a patient with NY-ESO-1 expressing prostate cancer by Elke Jäger, Julia Karbach, Claudia Wahle, Dragan Kiselicki, Kathrin Brand, Evgueni Sinelnikov, Dirk Gustavus, Hans Hoffmeister, Hans-Bernd Prisack, Akin Atmaca

“…Immunological correlates to the clinical development were the decrease of tumor-driven NY-ESO-1 serum antibody and the drop of prostate-specific antigen to <0.01 µg/L. TILs were reactive against cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1, individual tumor mutational proteins (eg, PRPF8, TRPS1), and the androgen receptor splice variant 12.…”
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CORRELATION BETWEEN SGOT AND SGPT LEVELS WITH POSITIVE HBsAg LEVELS by Nisa'ur Rosyidah, Erlinda Widyastuti, Annisa Auliya Rahman, Nur Septia Handayani, Belgis

“…The increase in both enzymes can indicate the level of liver cell damage. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is an antigen that can indicate an acute infection or a chronic carrier. …”
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Novel oral adjuvant to enhance cytotoxic memory like NK cell responses in HIV vaccine platform by Mario Alles, Manuja Gunasena, Christina Isckarus, Ilmini De Silva, Sarah Board, Will Mulhern, Patrick L. Collins, Thorsten Demberg, Namal P. M. Liyanage

“…This NK cell subset exhibited enhanced vaccine antigen-specific cytotoxic memory-like features. Our study underscores the potential of incorporating I3C as an oral adjuvant to HIV vaccine platforms to enhance antigen-specific cytotoxicity of NK cells against HIV-infected cells. …”
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Naturally Occurring Hepatitis B Virus B-Cell and T-Cell Epitope Mutants in Hepatitis B Vaccinated Children by Yu-Min Lin, Guey-Mei Jow, Shu-Chi Mu, Bing-Fang Chen

“…HBV serum markers, including hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and core antigen (anti-HBc), were detected by ELISA. …”
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Sirtuin1 Targeting Reverses Innate and Adaptive Immune Tolerance in Septic Mice by Ayana N. Martin, Martha Alexander-Miller, Barbara K. Yoza, Vidula Vachharajani, Charles E. McCall

“…Whether SIRT1 inhibition during sepsis treatment concomitantly reverses innate and T cell antigen-specific immune tolerance is unknown. Here, we show that treating septic mice with a SIRT1 selective inhibitor concordantly reverses immune tolerance splenic dendritic and antigen-specific tolerance of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. …”
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Seroprevalence Study of Dengue at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Jaipur, Rajasthan by Ashina Singla, Afreen Ali, Himanshi Galav, Ved Prakash Mamoria

“…This study investigates the seroprevalence of DF cases by detecting NS1 antigen and immunoglobulin (Ig)-G and IgM antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. …”
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Aweak phenotype associated with novel ABO*A allele variant c.106delinsGG by Sanmukh Ratilal Joshi, Glenda Millard, Mayuri Vekariya, Priya Radadiya, Manisha Rajapara, Hiren Dhanani, Gaurav Shastri, Prabhat Sharma, Brett Wilson, Yew-Wah Liew

“…The healthy donors found with weak A antigen were investigated to ascertain the allele responsible for variation. …”
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Modifying non-coding regions of linear DNA vaccines to explore the interplay of expression and inflammation in immunogenicity by David C. Stirling, Maria de Miguel Ferrer, Sungwon Kim, Madina Wane, Daniel Kysh, Lisa J. Caproni, John S. Tregoning

“…The interplay between antigen expression and the innate immune response impacts the overall immune response to DNA vaccines. …”
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Safety and Efficacy of Hepatitis B Vaccination in Cirrhosis of Liver by D. Ajith Roni, Rama Mohan Pathapati, A. Sathish Kumar, Lalit Nihal, K. Sridhar, Sujith Tumkur Rajashekar

“…CTP classes A and B CLD patients negative for hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen were included. …”
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