Current Overview of Allergens of Plant Pathogenesis Related Protein Families by Mau Sinha, Rashmi Prabha Singh, Gajraj Singh Kushwaha, Naseer Iqbal, Avinash Singh, Sanket Kaushik, Punit Kaur, Sujata Sharma, Tej P. Singh

“…The three-dimensional structures of some of these allergens have also been evaluated to elucidate the antigenic determinants of these molecules and to explain the cross-reactivity among the various allergens.…”
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Biomolecules of the Horseshoe Crab’s Hemolymph: Components of an Ancient Defensive Mechanism and Its Impact on the Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Industry by Md. Ashrafuzzaman, Mamudul Hasan Razu, Nazmir-Nur Showva, Tohmina Afroze Bondhon, Md. Moniruzzaman, Sad Al Rezwan Rahman, Md. Raisul Islam Rabby, Fatema Akter, Mala Khan

“…Without adaptive immunity, invertebrates have evolved innate immune systems that react to antigens on the surfaces of pathogens. These defense mechanisms are included in horseshoe crab hemocytes’ cellular responses to pathogens. …”
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Evaluation of immunomodulatory effects of lamotrigine in BALB/c mice by Abu-Rish Eman Y., Elhayek Shada Y., Mohamed Yehia S., Hamad Islam, Bustanji Yasser

“…These included the in vivo effects of lamotrigine on delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) antigens, hemagglutination titer assays and hematological changes. …”
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Incidence and Clinical Significance of De Novo Donor Specific Antibodies after Kidney Transplantation by Sophia Lionaki, Konstantinos Panagiotellis, Aliki Iniotaki, John N. Boletis

“…Among other reasons, de novo formation of antibodies against donor human leukocyte antigens has been recognized as one of the major risk factors for reduced allograft survival. …”
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Design of Epitope-Based Peptide Vaccine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Fructose Bisphosphate Aldolase Protein Using Immunoinformatics by Mustafa Elhag, Ruaa Mohamed Alaagib, Nagla Mohamed Ahmed, Mustafa Abubaker, Esraa Musa Haroun, Sahar Obi Abd Albagi, Mohammed A. Hassan

“…Three B cell epitopes passed the antigenicity, accessibility, and hydrophilicity tests. …”
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Impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and of seasonal variations on the innate immune inflammatory response by Hend Jarras, Isalie Blais, Benjamin Goyer, Wilfried W. Bazié, Wilfried W. Bazié, Henintsoa Rabezanahary, Mathieu Thériault, Kim Santerre, Marc-André Langlois, Jean-François Masson, Joelle N. Pelletier, Joelle N. Pelletier, Nicholas Brousseau, Nicholas Brousseau, Denis Boudreau, Sylvie Trottier, Sylvie Trottier, Mariana Baz, Mariana Baz, Caroline Gilbert, Caroline Gilbert

“…Although adaptive immunity is generally considered the immune component that retains antigenic memory, innate immune responses can also be affected by previous stimulations. …”
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Influenza A Virus H7 nanobody recognizes a conserved immunodominant epitope on hemagglutinin head and confers heterosubtypic protection by Zhao-Shan Chen, Hsiang-Chi Huang, Xiangkun Wang, Karin Schön, Yane Jia, Michael Lebens, Danica F. Besavilla, Janarthan R. Murti, Yanhong Ji, Aishe A. Sarshad, Guohua Deng, Qiyun Zhu, Davide Angeletti

“…Abstract Influenza remains a persistent global health challenge, largely due to the virus’ continuous antigenic drift and occasional shift, which impede the development of a universal vaccine. …”
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Regulatory T Cells in Autoimmune and Viral Chronic Hepatitis by Pascal Lapierre, Alain Lamarre

“…The liver can induce the conversion of naïve CD4+ T cells to CD4+ regulatory T cells and induce tolerance to locally expressed antigens. This tolerance mechanism is carefully regulated in physiological conditions but any imbalance could be pathological. …”
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Does the Gut Microbiota Influence Immunity and Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis Pathophysiology? by Monika Adamczyk-Sowa, Aldona Medrek, Paulina Madej, Wirginia Michlicka, Pawel Dobrakowski

“…In contrast, other commensal bacteria and their antigenic products may protect against inflammation within the central nervous system. …”
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Validation of a multiplexed immunoassay for immunological analysis of pre erythrocytic malaria vaccines by L. K. Stockdale, S. Provstgaard-Morys, D. Bellamy, D. Woods, K. Rapi, A. Bajer, B. Hollingdale, O. Muñoz, S. Malik, A. V. S. Hill, K. J. Ewer

“…A multiplexed assay, which includes NANP, was developed and validated for four antigens representing components of the R21 immunogen. …”
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Immunoinformatic Analysis of Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase 7 (CDPK7) Showed Potential Targets for Toxoplasma gondii Vaccine by Ali Taghipour, Sanaz Tavakoli, Mohamad Sabaghan, Masoud Foroutan, Hamidreza Majidiani, Shahrzad Soltani, Milad Badri, Ali Dalir Ghaffari, Sheyda Soltani

“…In addition, evaluation of antigenicity and allergenicity showed that CDPK7 protein has immunogenic and nonallergenic nature. …”
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New pneumococcal serotype 20C is a WciG O-acetyltransferase deficient variant of canonical serotype 20B by Jigui Yu, Neil Ravenscroft, Peter Davey, Roshan Liyanage, Oliver Lorenz, Michelle M. Kuttel, Stephanie W. Lo, Feroze A. Ganaie, Moon H. Nahm

“…Herein, we provide a comprehensive analysis-genetic, antigenic, and biochemical of a newly identified capsule type, 20C, which differs from the canonical serotype 20B due to the inactivation of the capsule O-acetyltransferase gene, wciG. …”
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The Alpha-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Induces Conversion of Effector T Cells into Treg Cells by Andrew W. Taylor, Darren J. Lee

“…Therefore, α-MSH converts effector T cells into Treg cells, which suppress immunity targeting specific antigens and tissues.…”
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Unusual Initial Presentation of Herpes Simplex Virus as Inguinal Lymphadenopathy by Sarah A. Fleming, John G. Strickler

“…Immunohistochemical stains for HSV antigens, using polyclonal anti-HSV I and II antibodies, demonstrate strong immunoreactivity for HSV in a small number of cells in the subcapsular sinuses, especially in areas with monocytoid B-cell hyperplasia. …”
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Functional impairment of human myeloid dendritic cells during Schistosoma haematobium infection. by Bart Everts, Ayola A Adegnika, Yvonne C M Kruize, Hermelijn H Smits, Peter G Kremsner, Maria Yazdanbakhsh

“…Suppression of dendritic cell (DC) function could be one of the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, since Schistosoma antigens are potent modulators of dendritic cell function in vitro. …”
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Autoimmune hepatitis: new in diagnostics, a pathogenesis and treatment by Ye. N. Shirokova, K. V. Ivashkin, V. T. Ivashkin

“…Development of new treatment strategy is possible on the basis of assessment of key defects of immunological homeostasis and antigenic targets.…”
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Clinical Trials of Immunogene Therapy for Spontaneous Tumors in Companion Animals by Gerardo Claudio Glikin, Liliana María Elena Finocchiaro

“…Both viral and mainly nonviral vectors were used to deliver gene products as cytokines, xenogeneic tumor associated antigens, specific ligands, and proapoptotic regulatory factors. …”
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Kimura disease: A rare cause of cervical lymphadenopathy and a diagnostic challenge by Virendra Kumar Goyal, Jagdish Vishnoi, Ruhi Dak, Shokat Ali Bohra, Gunjan Sharma

“…An allergic reaction and an alteration of the immune system remains one of the pathophysiological bases. Persistent antigenic stimulation following arthropod bites and parasitic or candida infection are also suspected. …”
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Gab Docking Proteins in Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, and Inflammation by Yoshikazu Nakaoka, Issei Komuro

“…In mammals, the Gab proteins, consisting of Gab1, Gab2, and Gab3, are involved in the amplification and integration of signal transduction evoked by a variety of extracellular stimuli, including growth factors, cytokines, antigens, and other molecules. Gab proteins lack the enzymatic activity themselves; however, when phosphorylated on tyrosine residues, they provide binding sites for multiple Src homology-2 (SH2) domain-containing proteins, such as SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit p85, phospholipase Cγ, Crk, and GC-GAP. …”
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Seroprevalence and Seroconversion of Dengue and Implications for Clinical Diagnosis in Amazonian Children by Antonio Camargo Martins, Thasciany Moraes Pereira, Humberto Oliart-Guzmán, Breno Matos Delfino, Saulo Augusto Silva Mantovani, Athos Muniz Braña, Fernando Luiz Cunha Castelo Branco, José Alcântara Filgueira Júnior, Ana Paula Santos, Alanderson Alves Ramalho, Andréia Silva Guimarães, Thiago Santos de Araújo, Cristieli Sérgio de Menezes Oliveira, Benedito Antônio Lopes da Fonseca, Mônica da Silva-Nunes

“…The prevalence of IgG antibodies against dengue antigens was determined by indirect ELISA technique, and seronegative children were reexamined after 12 months to determine seroconversion rates. …”
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