The O28 Antigen Gene Clusters of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Dakar and Serovar Pomona Are Different by Clifford G. Clark, Christopher C. R. Grant, Keri M. Trout-Yakel, Helen Tabor, Lai-King Ng, Kris Rahn, Kristyn Franklin, Andrew M. Kropinski

“…A 10 kb O-antigen gene cluster was sequenced from a Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Dakar O28 reference strain and from two S. …”
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T4 Phage Displaying Dual Antigen Clusters Against H3N2 Influenza Virus Infection by Shenglong Liu, Mengzhou Lin, Xin Zhou

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Investigation of intracellular signals generated by γ-interferon and IL-4 leading to the induction of class II antigen expression by S. Vassiliadis, N. Kyrpides, D. Stravopodis, M. Grigoriou, I. Athanassakis, J. Papamatheakis

“…As major histocompatibility complex antigens (MHC) or human leukocyte antigens (HLA), are important in immune recognition and response, the results show that for human cells a more coherent method of HLA-DR antigen induction is followed after γ-IFN administration, as calcium participation seems to be the first step in signal transduction. …”
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Th17/1-Biased Inflammatory Environment Involved in the Response of Epithelial Cells to Antigen Stimuli in Nasal Polyps by Guangfu Xu, Silong Chen, Yuchun Dong, Li Xiao

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Potency of rhodococcus equi culture filtrate supernatant proteins antigen for skin test in the diagnosis of rhodococcus equi in foals by Kareema Al-Salihi

“…<b>Aim:</b> This study was designed to developing skin test proteins antigen prepared from Rhodococcus equi isolates.<p> <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Ten Arabian foals experimentally infected with R equi were injected intradermaly with 0.1 mL (12.5 µg/mL) Rhodococcus antigen and 0.1 mL PBS as control each treatment at one side of neck region, while 10 healthy foals had the same treatment and used as control group. …”
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Trojan-horse silk fibroin nanocarriers loaded with a re-call antigen to redirect immunity against cancer by Luca Mastracci, Patrizio Castagnola, Elia Bari, Francesca Ferrera, Tiziana Altosole, Sara Perteghella, Pierluigi Mauri, Rossana Rossi, Giulia Passignani, Martina Galati, Giuseppina Iliana Astone, Maddalena Mastrogiacomo, Daniela Fenoglio, Dario Di Silvestre, Maria Luisa Torre, Gilberto Filaci

“…Since tumor immune escape mechanisms do not impact pre-existing and consolidated immune responses, we tested the hypothesis of redirecting a pregenerated immunity to cancer: to recall a non-tumor antigen response against the tumor, silk fibroin nanoparticles (SFNs) have been selected as ‘Trojan-horse’ carriers, promoting the antigen uptake by the tumor cells.Methods SFNs have been loaded with either ovalbumin (OVA) or CpG oligonucleotide (CpG) as antigen or adjuvant, respectively. …”
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Citrullinated Antigens with Multiple Citrulline Similar Motif in the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Preliminary Single-Center Study by Zhu Chen, Weiting Fang, Yi Qin, Yin-Zhao Jin, Xiang Yang, Jianrong Lou

“…Patients with RA have a significantly higher amount of citrullinated antigens with MCSM than other arthritis patients and HCs. …”
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Saponin-based adjuvant uptake and induction of antigen cross-presentation by CD11b+ dendritic cells and macrophages by Lisa GM Huis in ’t Veld, Lenneke AM Cornelissen, Lune van den Bogaard, Marleen Ansems, Nataschja I Ho, Gosse J Adema

“…Furthermore, SBAs are primarily taken up by clathrin-mediated endocytosis and uptake induces lipid bodies and antigen translocation to the cytosol in MHCIIloCD11bhi BMDCs and BMDMs. …”
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A walk through the development of human leukocyte antigen typing: from serologic techniques to next-generation sequencing by Haeyoun Choi, Eun-Jeong Choi, Hyoung-Jae Kim, In-Cheol Baek, Aegyeong Won, Su Jin Park, Tai-Gyu Kim, Yeun-Jun Chung

Subjects: “…human leukocyte antigen; histocompatibility testing; transplantation; next-generation sequencing…”
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Immunization against Lamb Haemonchosis with a Recombinant Somatic Antigen of Haemonchus contortus (rHcp26/23) by Leticia García-Coiradas, Francisco Angulo-Cubillán, Basilio Valladares, Enrique Martínez, Concepción de la Fuente, José María Alunda, Montserrat Cuquerella

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TESTING OF COMBINED VACCINES AGAINST AUJEZSKY’S DISEASE, PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME AND PORCINE PARVOVIRUS INFECTION FOR THEIR ANTIGENICITY by Ye. P. Baborenko, Ye. K. Dolganova, K. N. Gruzdev

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Virus-like particle: a nano-platform that delivers cancer antigens to elicit an anti-tumor immune response by Weisen Ning, Sheng Yan, Yongyao Song, Hanning Xu, Jinling Zhang, Xiaomei Wang

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ECM29/proteasome-mediated self-antigen generation by CNS-resident neuroglia promotes regulatory T cell activation by Sheng-Wen Chen, Ying Chu, Chien-Hsin Chu, Xuan-Dieu Thi Pham, Hang Pong Ng, Chin-Lin Guo, Pei-Lin Cheng

“…Summary: Proteasomes generate antigenic peptides presented on cell surfaces—a process that, in neuroglia, is highly responsive to external stimuli. …”
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Diagnostic Performance of SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Test in relation to RT-PCR Cq Value by Dipendra Kumar Mandal, Bibek Raj Bhattarai, Sushant Pokhrel, Mandira Chhusyabaga, Parmananda Bhandari, Mahendra Prasad Bhatt, Sujan Babu Marhattha

“…Thus, this study aims to establish rapid antigen tests as an effective diagnostic tool to improve the testing strategies of COVID-19 diagnosis. …”
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TCR-engaging scaffolds selectively expand antigen-specific T-cells with a favorable phenotype for adoptive cell therapy by Marco Donia, Özcan Met, Julie Westerlin Kjeldsen, Sine Reker Hadrup, Inge Marie Svane, Arianna Draghi, Anders Handrup Kverneland, Christina Heeke, Siri Amanda Tvingsholm, Marcus Svensson Frej, Vibeke Mindahl Rafa, Ulla Kring Hansen, Maria Ormhøj, Alexander Tyron, Agnete W P Jensen, Mohammad Kadivar, Amalie Kai Bentzen, Kamilla K Munk, Gitte N Aasbjerg, Jeppe S H Ternander, Tripti Tamhane, Christian Schmess, Samuel A. Funt, Søren Nyboe Jakobsen

“…Here, in this study, we present a novel technology for ex vivo expansion of antigen-specific T-cells; artificial antigen-presenting scaffolds (Ag-scaffolds) consisting of a dextran-polysaccharide backbone, decorated with combinations of peptide-Major Histocompatibility Complex (pMHC), cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules, enabling coordinated stimulation of antigen-specific T-cells.Methods The capacity of Ag-scaffolds to expand antigen-specific T-cells was explored in ex vivo cultures with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors and patients with metastatic melanoma. …”
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Expression of genes of cytokines, transcription factors and differentiation antigens in human dendritic cells activated by double-stranded DNA by A. S. Proskurina, K. E. Orishchenko, E. A. Potter, E. V. Dolgova, A. V. Spaselnikova, G. S. Ritter, N. A. Varaksin, T. G. Ryabicheva, O. Y. Leplina, A. A. Ostanin, E. R. Chernykh, S. S. Bogachev

“…The stimulatory effect of DNA on DCs is mediated by the TLR9 signaling pathway and/or through a system of cytosolic sensors and is manifested by increased expression of MHC class II antigens and costimulatory molecules and by increased synthesis of immunoregulatory cytokines. …”
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CD4+ T Cells Mediate Dendritic Cell Licensing to Promote Multi‐Antigen Anti‐Leukemic Immune Response by Luis Gil‐de‐Gómez, Joseph J. Mattei, Jessica H. Lee, Stephan A. Grupp, Gregor S. D. Reid, Alix E. Seif

“…ABSTRACT Background Single antigen (Ag)‐targeted immunotherapies for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are highly effective; however, up to 50% of patients relapse after these treatments. …”
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Analysis of differences in human leukocyte antigen between the two Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium control datasets by Chloe Soohyun Jang, Wanson Choi, Seungho Cook, Buhm Han

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FadA antigen of Fusobacterium nucleatum: implications for ceRNA network in colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps progression by Sama Rezasoltani, Elahe Shams, Moein Piroozkhah, Yaser Aidi, Mehdi Azizmohammad Looha, Parmida Bagheri, Roudabeh Behzadi Andouhjerdi, Amir Sadeghi, Leili Rejali, Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad

“…This study aimed to scrutinize the impact of the FadA antigen derived from Fusobacterium nucleatum on the expression levels of the ANXA2 ceRNA network and assess its relevance to CRC advancement. …”
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APMAT analysis reveals the association between CD8 T cell receptors, cognate antigen, and T cell phenotype and persistence by Jingyi Xie, Daniel G. Chen, William Chour, Rachel H. Ng, Rongyu Zhang, Dan Yuan, Jongchan Choi, Michaela McKasson, Pamela Troisch, Brett Smith, Lesley Jones, Andrew Webster, Yusuf Rasheed, Sarah Li, Rick Edmark, Sunga Hong, Kim M. Murray, Jennifer K. Logue, Nicholas M. Franko, Christopher G. Lausted, Brian Piening, Heather Algren, Julie Wallick, Andrew T. Magis, Kino Watanabe, Phil Mease, Philip D. Greenberg, Helen Chu, Jason D. Goldman, Yapeng Su, James R. Heath

“…Abstract Elucidating the relationships between a class I peptide antigen, a CD8 T cell receptor (TCR) specific to that antigen, and the T cell phenotype that emerges following antigen stimulation, remains a mostly unsolved problem, largely due to the lack of large data sets that can be mined to resolve such relationships. …”
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