Improvement of inactivated vaccine against porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome by D. A. Biruchenkov, Ye. P. Baborenko, Ye. A. Avsitidiysky, D. L. Dolgov, Zh. Yu. Muradyan, A. I. Albulov

“…The paper presents results of studying antigenicity and local tissue reaction in pigs immunized with the experimental PRRS vaccine produced on the basis of commercial SEPPIC (France) adjuvants with addition of water-soluble chitosan derivatives.…”
Get full text

Optimization of RHDV type 1 and 2 inactivation modes by E. D. Kunikova, N. V. Moroz, M. A. Dolgova, L. V. Malakhova, I. A. Komarov

“…The purpose of these studies was to optimize RHDV type 1 and 2 (RHDV1 and RHDV2) inactivation modes to use the obtained antigens in inactivated vaccines and diagnosticums. …”
Get full text

Vibrio parahaemolyticus: spread, detection and identification techniques by G. S. Skitovich, N. B. Shadrova, O. V. Pruntova

“…More than 80 serotypes were described worldwide based on antigenic properties of the somatic (0) and capsular (K) antigens. …”
Get full text

Role of Adaptive Immunity in Alcoholic Liver Disease by Emanuele Albano

“…Moreover, the same antigens favor the breaking of self-tolerance towards liver constituents. …”
Get full text

Innate Immune Cells in Liver Inflammation by Evaggelia Liaskou, Daisy V. Wilson, Ye H. Oo

“…The liver is thus constantly exposed to antigenic loads. Therefore, pathogenic microorganism must be efficiently eliminated whilst harmless antigens derived from the gastrointestinal tract need to be tolerized in the liver. …”
Get full text

In silico design of a multi-epitope vaccine against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis by Weiqi Guo, Weiqi Guo, Xinyu Wang, Jiangang Hu, Beibei Zhang, Luru Zhao, Luru Zhao, Guangdong Zhang, Jingjing Qi, Zuzhang Wei, Yanqing Bao, Mingxing Tian, Shaohui Wang

“…B-cell and T-cell epitope analysis was performed on the selected promising cross-protective antigens followed by selection of epitopes with high antigenicity, no allergenicity, and no toxicity for the design of the vaccine. …”
Get full text

Immune Tolerance Regulation Is Critical to Immune Homeostasis by Lei Han, Tianxiang Wu, Qin Zhang, Anning Qi, Xiaohui Zhou

“…The body’s immune response plays a critical role in defending against external or foreign antigens while also preserving tolerance to self-antigens. …”
Get full text

Development of lateral flow immunochromatographic assay with Anti-Pythium insidiosum antibodies for point-of-care testing of vascular pythiosis by Panwad Tongchai, Ati Burassakarn, Nattapong Langsiri, Navaporn Worasilchai, Ariya Chindamporn

“…Here, we have developed an affordable point-of-care test (POCT) kit based on an immunochromatographic assay to detect P. insidiosum antigens directly. Our recent findings reveal that the lateral flow sandwich immunological testing cassette can accurately identify vascular pythiosis antigens using a small volume of patient’s plasma, accomplishing diagnostic efficiency, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 8 ng/mL. …”
Get full text

Immunotherapy of Cancer: Reprogramming Tumor-Immune Crosstalk by Kyle K. Payne, Amir A. Toor, Xiang-Yang Wang, Masoud H. Manjili

“…Thus, the ability to modulate the tumor cell epigenome to homogenously induce expression of such antigens will likely render the tumor more immunogenic. …”
Get full text

Comparison of the Detection Rate and Specificity of Irregular Red Blood Cell Antibodies Between First-Time Pregnant Women and Women With a History of Multiple Pregnancies Among 18,... by Shujie Wu, Yinglin Wu, Ganping Guo, Rungui Xie, Yuanjun Wu

“…Mur and Dia should be included in the antigenic profile of reagent RBCs that are used for performing antibody screens in the Chinese population.…”
Get full text

Light and electron microscopic studies on the cellular and humoral defensive systems of the mammary glands of normal and mastitic cows by İlhami Çelik, Reşat N. Aştı

“…Another aim of this study was determination of antigenic stimulation on the defensive cell population.…”
Get full text

Patch Testing in Suspected Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Cosmetics by Pramod Kumar, Rekha Paulose

“…Fifty patients with suspected ACD to cosmetics were patch-tested with 38 antigens of the Indian Cosmetic Series and 12 antigens of the Indian Standard Series. …”
Get full text

Translating Unconventional T Cells and Their Roles in Leukemia Antitumor Immunity by Nilberto Dias de Araújo, Fábio Magalhães Gama, Mateus de Souza Barros, Thaís Lohana Pereira Ribeiro, Fabíola Silva Alves, Lilyane Amorim Xabregas, Andréa Monteiro Tarragô, Adriana Malheiro, Allyson Guimarães Costa

“…However, in leukemia, most studies on the cytotoxic potential of T cells have concentrated only on T cells that recognize peptide antigens (Ag) presented by polymorphic molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). …”
Get full text

Rapidly Progressing Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Case Report and a Possible Explanation by Ádám Jóna, Gábor Irsai, Sándor Barna, Gábor Méhes, Árpád Illés, László Váróczy

“…Aberrant expression of T-cell antigens on the Hodgkin and Reed/Sternberg cells could be associated with inferior outcome. …”
Get full text

Commensal bacteria education history calibrates the naivety and activation threshold of adaptive antiviral immune system by Baohua Li, Zhou Sha, Li Mou, Feng Zhang, Lifeng Jia, Yan Zhu, Yan Guo, Guohong Deng, Haibo Wu, Hong Wei, Yuzhang Wu, Lilin Ye, Changjiang Liu, Jian Li, Yanyan Zhang, Yanyan Zhang, Yanyan Zhang

“…Exhaustion of the immune system’s ability to adapt to novelty suggests that the changes it undergoes might be a consequence of an evolutionary unpredictable antigenic exposure over a lifetime. Thus, we raise the question of whether a naive immune system can manage new antigens better than an educated immune system. …”
Get full text

Emerging Prospects for Nanoparticle-Enabled Cancer Immunotherapy by Manal Ali Buabeid, El-Shaimaa A. Arafa, Ghulam Murtaza

“…Although cancer immunotherapeutics show better outcomes as compared with conventional approaches of cancer treatment, the currently used cancer immunotherapeutics have limited application in delivering cancer antigens to immune cells. Conversely, in solid tumors, tumor microenvironment suppresses the immune system leading to the evasion of anticancer immunity. …”
Get full text

Studies on staphylococcal vaccines for mastitis in dairy cows by H Zafer H, Hüseyin Hadımli, Osman Erganış

“…In comparison with control groups, antibody levels to staphytoccal antigens, and to the &alpha;- and (&beta;- haemolisines were significanlty higher (P<0 001, P<0,05 and P<0.05, respectively) in the sera and whey from vaccinated cows. …”
Get full text

Immunological Regulation of Fibrosis During Heart Failure: It Takes Two to Tango by Vinay Kumar, Shyam S. Bansal

“…Immune activation, trafficking, and extravasation are tightly regulated to ensure a targeted and effective response against non-self antigens/pathogens while preserving tolerance towards self-antigens and coordinate fibrotic responses for efficient scar formation, a distinction that is severely compromised during chronic diseases. …”
Get full text

Immunological Mechanisms in Allergic Diseases and Allergen Tolerance: The Role of Treg Cells by D. Calzada, S. Baos, L. Cremades-Jimeno, B. Cárdaba

“…The immune system regulates itself to establish an appropriate immune response to potentially harmful pathogens while tolerating harmless environmental antigens and self-antigens. A central role in this balance is played by regulatory T cells (Tregs) through various ways of actions. …”
Get full text

Epstein-Barr Virus and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Anette Holck Draborg, Karen Duus, Gunnar Houen

“…As EBV is known to be controlled by cell-mediated immunity, the reduced EBV-specific T-cell response in SLE patients may result in defective control of EBV causing frequent reactivation and expression of lytic cycle antigens. This gives rise to enhanced apoptosis and amplified cellular waste load resulting in activation of an immune response and development of EBV-directed antibodies and autoantibodies to cellular antigens.…”
Get full text