Naturally Occurring Hepatitis B Virus B-Cell and T-Cell Epitope Mutants in Hepatitis B Vaccinated Children by Yu-Min Lin, Guey-Mei Jow, Shu-Chi Mu, Bing-Fang Chen

“…HBV serum markers, including hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and core antigen (anti-HBc), were detected by ELISA. …”
Get full text

Thrombospondin and VEGF-R: Is There a Correlation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease? by Jaroslaw Wejman, Michal Pyzlak, Dariusz Szukiewicz, Dorota Jarosz, Wieslaw Tarnowski, Grzegorz Szewczyk

“…Histological sections were immunostained with antibodies against CD-31, TSP-1, and VEGFR-1 and analyzed by pathologists with the use of computer-assisted morphometrics. …”
Get full text

Age-Related Yield of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Bearing the Low-Affinity Nerve Growth Factor Receptor by Raquel Cuevas-Diaz Duran, Maria Teresa González-Garza, Alejandro Cardenas-Lopez, Luis Chavez-Castilla, Delia Elva Cruz-Vega, Jorge E. Moreno-Cuevas

“…Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are a heterogeneous cell population that may be enriched by positive selection with antibodies against the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (LNGFR or CD271), yielding a selective cell universe with higher proliferation and differentiation potential. …”
Get full text

Evolution of Alzheimer’s Disease Therapeutics: From Conventional Drugs to Medicinal Plants, Immunotherapy, Microbiotherapy and Nanotherapy by Emma Ortiz-Islas, Pedro Montes, Citlali Ekaterina Rodríguez-Pérez, Elizabeth Ruiz-Sánchez, Talía Sánchez-Barbosa, Diego Pichardo-Rojas, Cecilia Zavala-Tecuapetla, Karla Carvajal-Aguilera, Victoria Campos-Peña

“…Among the therapeutic alternatives, immunotherapy stands out, employing monoclonal antibodies to specifically target and eliminate toxic proteins implicated in AD. …”
Get full text

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma at Invasion Front by Tomoo Kudo, Yoshihito Shimazu, Hisao Yagishita, Toshiyuki Izumo, Yuuichi Soeno, Kaori Sato, Yuji Taya, Takaaki Aoba

“…Serial sections (4 μm thick) were double immunostained with pan-cytokeratin and Ki67 antibodies and digitized images were acquired using virtual microscopy. …”
Get full text

Towards a Vaccine Against Rheumatic Fever by L. Guilherme, K. C. Faé, F. Higa, L. Chaves, S. E. Oshiro, S. Freschi de Barros, C. Puschel, M. A. Juliano, A. C. Tanaka, G. Spina, J. Kalil

“…Although these epitopes were from different regions of the C-terminal portion of the M protein, they showed an identical core of 16 amino acid residues. Antibodies against the B cell epitope inhibited bacterial invasion/adhesion in vitro. …”
Get full text

PADI4 Haplotypes in Association with RA Mexican Patients, a New Prospect for Antigen Modulation by Maria Guadalupe Zavala-Cerna, Norma Guadalupe Gonzalez-Montoya, Arnulfo Nava, Jorge I. Gamez-Nava, Maria Cristina Moran-Moguel, Roberto Carlos Rosales-Gomez, Susan Andrea Gutierrez-Rubio, Jose Sanchez-Corona, Laura Gonzalez-Lopez, Ingrid Patricia Davalos-Rodriguez, Mario Salazar-Paramo

“…Peptidyl arginine deiminase IV (PAD 4) is the responsible enzyme for a posttranslational modification called citrullination, originating the antigenic determinant recognized by anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA). Four SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) have been described in PADI4 gene to form a susceptibility haplotype for rheumatoid arthritis (RA); nevertheless, results in association studies appear contradictory in different populations. …”
Get full text

Using a Herd Profile to Determine Age-Specific Prevalence of Bovine Leukemia Virus in Michigan Dairy Herds by Ronald J. Erskine, Paul C. Bartlett, Todd M. Byrem, Chelsea L. Render, Catherine Febvay, Jessica T. Houseman

“…In 113 Michigan dairy herds, milk samples from ten cows in each of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and ≥4th lactations were analyzed for anti-Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) antibodies by milk ELISA. For each herd, a BLV herd profile (BHP) was calculated as the simple average of the percent of BLV-positive cows within each of the four lactation groups. …”
Get full text

Cellular therapies in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases by Pedro Franco-Fuquen, Juana Figueroa-Aguirre, David A. Martínez, Eider F. Moreno-Cortes, Juan E. Garcia-Robledo, Fabio Vargas-Cely, Daniela A. Castro-Martínez, Mustafa Almaini, Januario E. Castro

“…The persistence of these autoreactive B cells within lymphatic organs and inflamed tissues impairs the effectiveness of B-cell-depleting monoclonal antibodies like rituximab.A promising therapeutic approach involves using T cells genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that target specific antigens. …”
Get full text

Predictors of infliximab efficacy in patients with severe attack of ulcerative colitis by A. O. Golovenko, I. L. Khalif, O. V. Golovenko, V. V. Veselov

“…Biological therapy by monoclonal antibodies against tumor necrosis factor (infliximab) allows to avoid colectomy at steroid-resistant severe attack of ulcerative colitis. …”
Get full text

Adeno-associated virus-based gene therapy for hemophilia–addressing the gaps by Wolfgang Miesbach, Paul Batty, Pratima Chowdary, Sylvia Fong, Radoslaw Kaczmarek, Frank W.G. Leebeek, Brian Long, Johnny Mahlangu, Mike Makris, Glenn F. Pierce, Steven W. Pipe, Alok Srivastava, Jan Voorberg, Flora Peyvandi

“…This manuscript follows literature reviews and structured discussions by the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Scientific and Standardization Committee Working Group on Gene Therapy that identified specific areas requiring standardization of methods, including viral vector production, liver function assessment, quantification of factor (F)VIII and FIX expression levels, assessment of antiadeno-associated viral antibodies, and genomic integration detection methods. …”
Get full text

Increased Frequency of Circulating Follicular Helper T Cells in Children with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Caused by Enterovirus 71 Infection by Jianping Wu, David Cui, Xianzhi Yang, Jianzhou Lou, Jie Lin, Xianfei Ye, Zhimei Qin, Li Huang, Dejian Zhao, Zhaoxia Huo, Guoliang Xie, Shufa Zheng, Fei Yu, Liwei Lu, Yu Chen

“…IL-21 and IL-6 mRNA expression and their serum levels, Bcl-6 mRNA expression, and specific neutralizing antibodies against EV71 (NAb-EV71) were measured. In the acute stage of patients with EV71 infection, increased frequencies of circulating TFH cells with ICOShigh and PD-1high expression in the mild and severe patients were observed, and the positive correlations among the frequencies of circulating TFH cells and the serum levels of IL-21, IL-6, and NAb-EV71 titres were detected, respectively. …”
Get full text

Gene Therapy with Endogenous Inhibitors of Angiogenesis for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Beyond Anti-VEGF Therapy by Selwyn M. Prea, Elsa C. Chan, Gregory J. Dusting, Algis J. Vingrys, Bang V. Bui, Guei-Sheung Liu

“…Current treatments aim to seal off leaky blood vessels via laser therapy or to suppress vessel leakage and neovascular growth through intraocular injections of antibodies that target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). …”
Get full text

Detection of The TNFSF Members BAFF, APRIL, TWEAK and Their Receptors in Normal Kidney and Renal Cell Carcinomas by Vassiliki Pelekanou, George Notas, Katerina Theodoropoulou, Marilena Kampa, Dimitrios Takos, Vassilia-Ismini Alexaki, Jelena Radojicic, Frank Sofras, Andreas Tsapis, Efstathios N. Stathopoulos, Elias Castanas

“…Therapeutic approaches targeting TNF-alpha have shown limited efficacy, while anti-TRAIL (TNFSF10) antibodies have shown enhanced activity. The presence and potential significance of other members of the TNFSF has not been investigated. …”
Get full text

New therapies in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Recent insights by Giulia Guglielmi, Konstantinos Dimopoulos, S. John Wort

“…Subsequent sections describe treatments that target epigenetic regulators, e.g. poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitors and direct BRD4 antagonists, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Seralutinib), and therapies aimed at inflammation, such as IL-6 inhibitors, CD-20 inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies that prevent macrophage migration. Finally, strategies that target the serotonin pathway, and other metabolic and hormonal pathways are described.This review includes both preclinical and clinical trial data that support efficacy, safety and the future potential of such therapies. …”
Get full text

Molecular Mechanism of Macrophage Activation by Red Ginseng Acidic Polysaccharide from Korean Red Ginseng by Se Eun Byeon, Jaehwi Lee, Ji Hye Kim, Woo Seok Yang, Yi-Seong Kwak, Sun Young Kim, Eui Su Choung, Man Hee Rhee, Jae Youl Cho

“…According to pharmacological evaluation with specific enzyme inhibitors, Western blot analysis of intracellular signaling proteins and inhibitory pattern using blocking antibodies, ERK, and JNK were found to be the most important signaling enzymes compared to LPS signaling cascade. …”
Get full text

Evaluation of Regulatory Immune Response in Skin Lesions of Patients Affected by Nonulcerated or Atypical Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Honduras, Central America by Gabriela Venicia Araujo Flores, Carmen Maria Sandoval Pacheco, Thaise Yumie Tomokane, Wilfredo Sosa Ochoa, Concepción Zúniga Valeriano, Claudia Maria Castro Gomes, Carlos Eduardo Pereira Corbett, Marcia Dalastra Laurenti

“…The in situ regulatory immune response was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using antihuman CD4, FoxP3, IL-10, and TGF-β antibodies. CD4+, FoxP3+, TGF-β+, and IL-10+ cells were observed in the dermis with inflammatory infiltration in all studied cases and at higher densities compared to the normal skin controls. …”
Get full text

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Educated Macrophages Ameliorate LPS-Induced Systemic Response by Yaoqin Hu, Chaojin Qin, Guoping Zheng, Dengming Lai, Huikang Tao, Yan Zhang, Guanguan Qiu, Menghua Ge, Lanfang Huang, Lina Chen, Baoli Cheng, Qiang Shu, Jianguo Xu

“…ASCs also reduced the levels of LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines in vitro which were mimicked by IL-10 and blocked by antibodies for IL-10 and IL-10 receptor supporting the notion that educated macrophages exert their anti-inflammatory effects via IL-10-dependent mechanisms.…”
Get full text

Meta-analysis of RNA-Seq datasets allows a better understanding of P. tricornutum cellular biology, a requirement to improve the production of Biologics by Isabelle Boulogne, Charlotte Toustou, Muriel Bardor

“…Recent studies demonstrated that P. tricornutum can produce functional monoclonal antibodies, such application is currently limited by the production yield that hinders industrialization. …”
Get full text

Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay for Rapid, Sensitive Detection of the Herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in Juice and Water Samples by Liliya I. Mukhametova, Marya K. Kolokolova, Ivan A. Shevchenko, Boris S. Tupertsev, Anatoly V. Zherdev, Chuanlai Xu, Sergei A. Eremin

“…New tracers, 2,4-D-buthylenediamin fluoresceinthiocarbamyl (2,4-D-BDF) and 2,4-D-glycine aminofluorescein (2,4-D-GAF), were obtained and characterized. Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) obtained against 2,4-D were used as a recognition reagent. …”
Get full text