Antimicrobial Stewardship in Daily Practice: Managing an Important Resource by Nicole Le Saux, Canadian Paediatric Society, Infectious Diseases and Immunization Committee

“…Vital components of antimicrobial stewardship include appropriate testing to diagnose whether infections are viral or bacterial, and using clinical follow-up rather than antibiotics in cases in which the child is not very ill and uncertainty exists. …”
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Precision livestock farming in buffalo species: a sustainable approach for the future by Gianluca Neglia, Roberta Matera, Alessio Cotticelli, Angela Salzano, Roberta Cimmino, Giuseppe Campanile

“…The livestock sector will be obliged to face new challenges, such as the reduction of environmental impact, the improvement of animal-derived food quality and safety, the reduction of antibiotics, and the increase in efficiency. One of the strategies that could be adopted is Precision Livestock Farming (PLF), recognized as the most sustainable tool to improve farm sustainability. …”
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A Rare Presentation of Hepatitis A Infection with Extrahepatic Manifestations by Geetika Bhatt, Varrinder S. Sandhu, Charlene K. Mitchell

“…He was initially started on antibiotics for concerns of bacterial parotitis but did not show any improvement. …”
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Cerebrospinal fluid leak-associated ventriculitis – a case report by Amir Waheed, Faryal Amir

“…She made an uneventful recovery after 6 weeks of intravenous antibiotics. The patient had surgical repair of bony defects to prevent recurrence.This highlights a rare case of ventriculitis associated with a spontaneous CSF leak, with no existing set diagnostic criteria, and high mortality. …”
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A Case of Pregnancy Complicated by the Development of a Tubo-Ovarian Abscess Following an Aspiration of Endometrioma During Oocyte Pick up by Recep Emre Okyay, Ali Cenk Özay, Özlen Emekçi, Ali Rıza Taylan Bodur, Ömer Erbil Doğan

“…She was started on intravenous antibiotics-metronidazole and ceftriakson, tocolytic treatment with magnesium sulfate and indometazine. …”
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Ozone therapy as support in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer. A case report by Isidro Matos Lamote, Jorge Enrique Rodríguez León, Carlos García Arencibia, Maydelin Pérez Reina

“…Drainage of the abscess, modification of insulin treatment, and debridement of the lesion were performed. In addition, antibiotics and Heberprot-P® were indicated. In the absence of satisfactory evolution, new debridement was performed, with amputation of the third and fourth toes of the left foot; the initial treatment was resumed, this time combined with local and rectal ozone therapy. …”
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An Unusual Case of Streptococcus pyogenes Causing Ruptured Aortic Mycotic Aneurysm by Ali Someili, Anjali Shroff

“…He was treated with appropriate antibiotics. To determine the source, a white blood cell scan was done, which showed increased localization within a left-sided upper mediastinum mass. …”
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A Case of Peritoneal Encapsulation Presented as Acute Mechanical Small Bowel Obstruction: A Case Report and a Brief Literature Review by Khalil Abuzaina, Ahmad Abuayash, Hidaya Al-Shweiki, Mohammad O. M. Hroub, Anwar Yousef Jabari, Shayma Hafiz, Tuqa Abu Ihlayel, Balqees Mohsen, Sulaiman Naji Fakhouri, Murad Jaa'freh

“…In the postoperative period, the patient was managed with intravenous fluids, analgesics, and antibiotics. Wound infection was the only postoperative complication. …”
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Pulmonary Vein Stenosis Mimicking Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia by Karthika R. Linga, Andras Khoor, Jonathan A. Phelan, Isabel Mira-Avendano

“…After an initial diagnosis of pneumonia and its nonimprovement with antibiotics, a surgical lung biopsy was done and interpreted as nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) with vascular changes consistent with pulmonary arterial hypertension. …”
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Emphysematous Cystitis Occurred in the Case Treated with Steroid for Autoimmune Hepatitis by Tateki Yoshino, Shinya Ohara, Hiroyuki Moriyama

“…On the basis of diagnosis with emphysematous cystitis, she was treated with antibiotics based on the results of blood culture and indwelling Foley catheter. …”
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Mutational signature analysis predicts bacterial hypermutation and multidrug resistance by Kalen M. Hall, Leonard G. Williams, Richard D. Smith, Erin A. Kuang, Robert K. Ernst, Christine M. Bojanowski, William C. Wimley, Lisa A. Morici, Zachary F. Pursell

“…Here, we demonstrate that hypermutated MMR-deficient P. aeruginosa has a unique mutational signature and rapidly acquires MDR upon repeated exposure to first-line or last-resort antibiotics. MDR acquisition was irrespective of drug class and instead arose through common resistance mechanisms shared between the initial and secondary drugs. …”
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Automated Diagnosis of Otitis Media: Vocabulary and Grammar by Anupama Kuruvilla, Nader Shaikh, Alejandro Hoberman, Jelena Kovačević

“…Diagnosing children with acute otitis media is difficult, often leading to overprescription of antibiotics as they are beneficial only for children with acute otitis media. …”
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Neutropenic Enterocolitis in a Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipient on Multiple Immunosuppressants by Emily E. Miller, Leigh Christopher Reardon

“…Fortunately, this patient improved with bowel rest, fluids, antibiotics, and alteration of her immunosuppressive regimen. …”
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Complicated Dengue Fever and Its Treatment Dilemmas: A Single-Center Experience in Sri Lanka by D. K. Jayaweera, S. Subasinghe, R. F. De Silva, W. A. H. P. Sanjeewa, K. P. Jayawickreme

“…Our first patient who had diabetes presented with shock and was managed as dengue hemorrhagic fever with superadded sepsis which required noradrenalin plus broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics. The second patient developed severe bradycardia during the ascending limb of the critical phase with hemodynamic stability, which recovered on discharge. …”
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Empedobacter brevis Bacteremia in a Patient Infected with HIV: Case Report and Review of Literature by Syed Bokhari, Naeem Abbas, Manisha Singh, Richard B. Cindrich, Cosmina Zeana

“…Patient improved with intravenous antibiotics. This case is unusual, raising the possibility of gastrointestinal colonization as a source of the patient’s bacteremia. …”
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Trichosporon asahii Urinary Tract Infection in a Patient with Severe COVID-19 by Verschoyle Cronyn, John Howard, Leslie Chiang, Lisa Le, Zandraetta Tims-Cook, Alida M Gertz

“…In addition to being immunocompromised, critically ill COVID-19 patients often have prolonged exposure to antibiotics, corticosteroids, and Foley catheters, which further increases their susceptibility to infection with T. asahii. …”
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Deep Neck Infection: A Typical Presentation of Papillary Thyroid Cancer by Apichana Mahattanapreut, Rangsima Aroonroch, Chalermchai Chintrakarn, Chutintorn Sriphrapradang

“…Prompt drainage and broad-spectrum antibiotics are the mainstays of treatment. Deep neck infection as the initial presentation of primary head and neck cancer is not common. …”
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D-Lactic Acidosis: An Underrecognized Complication of Short Bowel Syndrome by N. Gurukripa Kowlgi, Lovely Chhabra

“…Treatment includes correcting the acidosis and decreasing substrate for D-lactate such as carbohydrates in meals. In addition, antibiotics can be used to clear colonic flora. Although newer techniques for diagnosis and treatment are being developed, clinical diagnosis still holds paramount importance, as there can be many confounders in the diagnosis as will be discussed subsequently.…”
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Gastric Emphysema in a Critically Ill Patient Successfully Treated without Surgery by Hiromi Ihoriya, Tetsuya Yumoto, Masaya Iwamuro, Noritomo Fujisaki, Takaaki Osako, Hiromichi Naito, Atsunori Nakao

“…He was successfully managed nonoperatively with treatments including intravenous antibiotics, gastric decompression, and bowel rest. …”
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Unusual Presentation of Phacolytic Glaucoma: Simulating Microbial Keratitis by Srikant Kumar Sahu, Siddharth Keswarwani, Ruchi Mittal

“…The 73-year-old lady presented with severe photophobia, pain, and redness in the left eye for two months despite being on antibiotics and antifungals. Anterior chamber wash revealed a cataractous lens buried within the infiltrate, which was removed and sent for histopathological examination. …”
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