Bayesian reinforcement learning models reveal how great-tailed grackles improve their behavioral flexibility in serial reversal learning experiments by Lukas, Dieter, McCune, Kelsey, Blaisdell, Aaron, Johnson-Ulrich, Zoe, MacPherson, Maggie, Seitz, Benjamin, Sevchik, August, Logan, Corina

“…Environments can change suddenly and unpredictably and animals might benefit from being able to flexibly adapt their behavior through learning new associations. …”
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Reconstruction for Time-Domain In Vivo EPR 3D Multigradient Oximetric Imaging—A Parallel Processing Perspective by Christopher D. Dharmaraj, Kishan Thadikonda, Anthony R. Fletcher, Phuc N. Doan, Nallathamby Devasahayam, Shingo Matsumoto, Calvin A. Johnson, John A. Cook, James B. Mitchell, Sankaran Subramanian, Murali C. Krishna

“…Three-dimensional Oximetric Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging using the Single Point Imaging modality generates unpaired spin density and oxygen images that can readily distinguish between normal and tumor tissues in small animals. It is also possible with fast imaging to track the changes in tissue oxygenation in response to the oxygen content in the breathing air. …”
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Angiotensin IV Receptors in the Rat Prefrontal Cortex: Neuronal Expression and NMDA Inhibition by Zsolt Tamás Papp, Polett Ribiczey, Erzsébet Kató, Zsuzsanna E. Tóth, Zoltán V. Varga, Zoltán Giricz, Adrienn Hanuska, Mahmoud Al-Khrasani, Ákos Zsembery, Tibor Zelles, Laszlo G. Harsing, László Köles

“…Angiotensin IV (Ang IV) and its analogs have demonstrated cognitive benefits in animal models of learning and memory deficits. Methods: Immunohistochemistry and whole-cell patch-clamp techniques were used to map the cell-type-specific localization of AT4R, identical to insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP), and to investigate the modulatory effects of Ang IV on NMDAR function in layer V pyramidal cells of the rat PFC. …”
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Discoidin domain receptor 2 is an important modulator of BMP signaling during heterotopic bone formation by Fashuai Wu, Chunxi Ge, Haichun Pan, Yuanyuan Han, Yuji Mishina, Vesa Kaartinen, Renny T. Franceschi

“…Consistent with this distribution, conditional knockout of Ddr2 in Gli1-expressing cells inhibited bone formation to the same extent seen in globally Ddr2-deficient animals. This response was explained by selective inhibition of Gli1 + cell proliferation without changes in apoptosis. …”
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Evaluation of the Diversities in the Inflammatory Responses in Cats With Bacterial and Viral Infections by Songul Erhan, Bengu Bilgic, Ezgi Ergen, Mert Erek, Elif Ergul Ekiz, Mukaddes Ozcan, Mehmet Erman Or, Banu Dokuzeylul, Erdal Matur

“…Total and differential leukocyte counts, C‐reactive protein (CRP), transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) concentrations were assessed in the blood samples collected from sick and healthy animals. Results No statistically significant difference was noted in serum TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐10 concentrations of the infected cats (p = 0.996, p = 0.160 and p = 0.930, respectively). …”
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Potential Toxicity of the Essential Oil from Minthostachys mollis: A Medicinal Plant Commonly Used in the Traditional Andean Medicine in Peru by Juan Pedro Rojas-Armas, Jorge Luis Arroyo-Acevedo, José Manuel Ortiz-Sánchez, Miriam Palomino-Pacheco, Hugo Jesus Hilario-Vargas, Oscar Herrera-Calderón, Julio Hilario-Vargas

“…For the acute toxicity test two groups of rats, of three animals each, were used. Each group received Mm-EO in a single dose of 2000 or 300 mg/kg of body weight. …”
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Effectiveness of Voytik-Harbin Protocol in Fabrication of Ram’s Testicular-Derived Hydrogel and Its Impact on Mouse In Vitro Spermatogenesis by Leila Rashki Ghaleno, Tohid Rezaei Topraggaleh, Leila Montazeri, Abdolhossein Shahverdi, Mojtaba Rezazadeh Valojerdi

“…Background: The utilization of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) derived from animal testis tissue hasdemonstrated potential as a component of tissue-specific scaffolds. …”
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Hepatoprotective Effects of Nasturtium Officinale and Allium Polyanthum Extracts on CCL4- Induced Hepatic Damage In Albino Rats by Shkar Rzgar K.Rostam, Zana Hassan Ibrahim, Rebaz Rebwar Mala, Soran Qadir Abdul

“…Methods: Thirty healthy male albino rats were equally divided into 5 groups: Normal control (NC), Positive control (Pos-C), Nasturtium officinale extract (NOE), Allium polyanthum extract (APE), and NOE + APE. The animals were fed with a standard diet and distilled water ad libitum. …”
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Achilles Tendon Repair by Decellularized and Engineered Xenografts in a Rabbit Model by Marta Bottagisio, Daniele D’Arrigo, Giuseppe Talò, Matilde Bongio, Marco Ferroni, Federica Boschetti, Matteo Moretti, Arianna B. Lovati

“…Thirty-six New Zealand rabbits were used to create 2 cm long segmental defects of the Achilles tendon. Then, animals were implanted with autograft (AG) as the gold standard control, decellularized graft (DG), or in vitro tissue-engineered graft (TEG) and evaluated postoperatively at 12 weeks. …”
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<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> tropism and biodistribution of recombinant simian adenovirus type 25 by Irina V. Vavilova, Tatiana A. Ozharovskaia, Olga V. Zubkova, Olga Popova, Daria V. Voronina, Polina P. Goldovskaya, Denis I. Zrelkin, Alina Sh. Dzharullaeva, Inna V. Dolzhikova, Dmitry V. Shcheblyakov, Denis Yu. Logunov, Alexander L. Gintsburg

“…Acute toxicity studies demonstrated that simian adenovirus type 25 vector was well-tolerated, with no animal deaths or detectable toxic effects. Conclusion. …”
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The effects of antioxidants, angioprotective agents, and vitamins on retina in complex retinal diseases by I.V. Vorobyeva, A.A. Dement’eva, A. Dgebuadze

“…The mechanisms of action of these supplements at the cellular and molecular levels in two conditions are investigated worldwide. Ongoing animal researches will provide more&nbsp; information. …”
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Efficacy of Photobiomodulation Therapy Utilizing 808 nm and 660 nm Alone and in Combination for Treatment of Paresthesia in Rats by Ehsan Hajesmaelzade, Mohammad Mohammadi, Sina Kakooei, Luca Solimei, Stefano Benedicenti, Nasim Chiniforush

“…<b>Methods</b>: This animal study was conducted on 36 adult male Wistar rats. …”
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Repetitive Mild but Not Single Moderate Brain Trauma Is Associated with TAR DNA-Binding Protein 43 Mislocalization and Glial Activation in the Mouse Spinal Cord by Tamara Janković, Jelena Rajič Bumber, Nika Gržeta Krpan, Petra Dolenec, Marc Jaeger, Jasna Kriz, Gordana Župan, Kristina Pilipović

“…<b>Methods</b>: Single TBI was applied over the left parietal cortex of mice by using the lateral fluid percussion injury apparatus and a separate cohort of animals received repetitive mild TBI by weight drop apparatus, with two mild injuries daily, for five days in a row. …”
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Calves gastrointestinal nematodes and Eimeria prevalence and associated risk factors in dairy farms, southern Ethiopia by Maireg Hailu, Kassahun Asmare, Endrias Zewdu Gebremedhin, Vincenzo Di Marco Lo Presti, Maria Vitale, Desie Sheferaw

“…Nevertheless, the productivity of the sector has been impacted negatively by the morbidity and mortality of replacement animals. A Cross-sectional study was, therefore, aimed at estimating the prevalence of Nematode and Eimeria infection in calves in Hawassa, Shashemene and Arsi Negelle, southern Ethiopia. …”
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Brain and Brown Adipose Tissue Metabolism in Transgenic Tg2576 Mice Models of Alzheimer Disease Assessed Using F-FDG PET Imaging by Robert A. Coleman PhD, Christopher Liang BS, Rima Patel BS, Sarah Ali BS, Jogeshwar Mukherjee PhD

“…Objective: Imaging animal models of Alzheimer disease (AD) is useful for the development of therapeutic drugs and understanding AD. …”
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METTL14-mediated m6A modification of DDIT4 promotes its mRNA stability in aging-related idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by Dan Li, Li Qian, Yufeng Du, Lifang Liu, Ziyue Sun, Yongkang Han, Xiangrui Guo, Chao Shen, Zheng Zhang, Xuejun Liu

“…Moreover, we established an animal model and a senescent model of A549 cells to explore the associated molecular mechanism. …”
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Greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE), water footprint and nitrogen loss associated with food consumption among adults: findings from the updated LEBANese natiONal food consumption surve... by Maha Hoteit, Maroun Khattar, Esraa Antar, Dana Malli, The Adults-Lebanon-FCS Group

“…Results The typical EFPs of an average Lebanese adult included water usage of 2,862.39 ± 1,617.88 L/day, greenhouse gas emissions of 4.43 ± 2.29 kg CO2-eq/day, and nitrogen use of 12.72 ± 6.76 g/day. Animal products were the primary contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, while vegetable products had the highest water footprint and nitrogen loss impact on the environment. …”
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: CKS2 induces autophagy-mediated glutathione metabolic reprogramming to facilitate ferroptosis resistance in colon cancer by Leilei Yang, Chengfeng Fang, Jiaju Han, Yufeng Ren, Zaiping Yang, Lingyan Shen, Dinghai Luo, Ruili Zhang, Yan Chen, Shenkang Zhou

“…The in vitro and in vivo effects of CKS2 on CC cells were assessed through the CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, propidium iodide (PI) staining, BODIPY staining, DCFH-DA staining, and animal experiments. Additionally, the impact of CKS2 on autophagy and glutathione (GSH) metabolism was investigated using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), immunofluorescence (IF) assays, WB experiments, and relevant assay kits. …”
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Genotyping <em> Escherichia coli </em> O157:H7 strains isolated from cattle and small ruminants in Fars province (Iran) using Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus PCR A... by Sedigheh Mokhtari, Yahya Tahamtan, Mohammad Kargar, Keyvan Tadayon, Elham Moazamian

“…Cattle and small ruminants are the main reservoirs of E. coli O157:H7. When shed in animal faeces, the bacteria can contaminate soil, water and food. …”
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Effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and TGF-β signaling pathway by Hideki Kumagai, Akira Sasaki, Akira Umemura, Keisuke Kakisaka, Takeshi Iwaya, Satoshi S Nishizuka

“…The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway reportedly contributes to liver fibrosis, mainly in animal experiments. The aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in serum proteins before and after LSG by proteomic analysis and to investigate their association with NAFLD. …”
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