Current Views of Torque Teno Virus (TTV) in Liver Diseases by I. V. Maev, T. I. Karlovich, A. I. Burmistrov, I. A. Chekmazov, D. N. Andreev, V. I. Reshetnyak

“…TTV is frequently confirmed in patients with hepatitises of viral origin or no definite viral aetiology, as well as in healthy people. Particular biochemical and histological changes in hepatic tissue and bile duct epithelium are reported for TTV monoinfection, which suggest viral replication in hepatocytes. …”
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Central Sensitization-Based Classification for Temporomandibular Disorders: A Pathogenetic Hypothesis by Annalisa Monaco, Ruggero Cattaneo, Maria Chiara Marci, Davide Pietropaoli, Eleonora Ortu

“…This pathogenic classification of TMD may help to differentiate therapy and aetiology.…”
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Total Pancreatectomy for Malignant Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm (IPMN) Complicated by Gastropancreatic Fistulae by Oshan Basnayake, Pradeep Wijerathne, Umesh Jayarajah, Nilesh Fernandopulle, Sivasuriya Sivaganesh

“…This case highlights the importance investigating patients for the aetiology in recurrent acute pancreatitis and their follow-up. …”
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Left Ventricular Hypertrabeculation (LVHT) in Athletes: A Negligible Finding? by Rokas Jagminas, Rokas Šerpytis, Pranas Šerpytis, Sigita Glaveckaitė

“…During subsequent evaluation by tilt table testing, vasovagal syncope was identified as the likely aetiology of the syncope. The patient was advised to cease sports and stimulants like caffeine use. …”
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Whole Exome Sequencing Reveals Rare Variants in Genes Associated with Metabolic Disorders in Women with PCOS by Priyal Sharma, Ashutosh Halder, Manish Jain, Manish Tripathi

“…Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex genetic trait, the pathogenesis of which is governed by an interplay of genetic and epigenetic factors. However, the aetiology of PCOS is not fully understood. Aims: The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic causes of PCOS by identifying rare variants in genes implicated in its pathophysiology. …”
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Genetics of Human and Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy by Siobhan Simpson, Jennifer Edwards, Thomas F. N. Ferguson-Mignan, Malcolm Cobb, Nigel P. Mongan, Catrin S. Rutland

“…Despite canine DCM having similar disease progression to human DCM studies into the genetic basis of canine DCM lag far behind those of human DCM. In this review the aetiology, epidemiology, and clinical characteristics of canine DCM are examined, along with highlighting possible different subtypes of canine DCM and their potential relevance to human DCM. …”
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Patterns of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Causative Organisms of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis: A Single Centre, Six-Year Experience of 1981 Samples by Sara Sheikhbahaei, Alireza Abdollahi, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Elham Zare

“…Conclusions. The microbial aetiology of SBP remains relatively constant. However, the resistance rate especially to the first-line recommended antibiotics was significantly increased. …”
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Prospects of Using Microbiota Correction Methods in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease by A. I. Akinshina, D. V. Smirnova, A. V. Zagainova, V. V. Makarov, S. M. Yudin

“…Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an umbrella term used to describe a group of chronic diseases of unknown aetiology. In the past, bacteriological methods based on the isolation of a pure bacterial culture were used to determine the microbiota composition. …”
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Thromboelastography parameters in chronic viral liver disease and liver resection: a retrospective study by Ying Di, Jialu Li, Chunjuan Ye, Zheng Wang, Qianqian Zhu

“…After multivariable adjustment (including age, sex, liver disease aetiology, alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], albumin, total bilirubin, haemoglobin and platelet count), TEG parameters (except R-times) were either weakly or inversely related to the severity of liver disease as defined by the MELD score (absolute r < 0.2 and P < 0.05 for all except R-times). …”
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Use of metallic ureteric stents for chronic ureteric obstruction and its association with value-based care by Yu Xi Terence Law, Ang Zhou, David Terrence Consigliere, Benjamin Yen Seow Goh, Ho Yee Tiong

“…There was no significant difference in all baseline characteristics between the MS and PS groups, except for the aetiology of obstructive cause. Mean indwelling stent duration was significantly greater for MS than for PS (228.6 ± 147.0 vs. 146.1 ± 66.0 days, P < 0.001), thereby leading to lower average number of stent changes per year in the MS group compared to the PS group (1.4 vs. 6.3 times, respectively). …”
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Severe Enamel Defects in Wild Japanese Macaques by Ian Towle, Carolina Loch, Marina Martínez de Pinillos, Mario Modesto-Mata, Leslea J. Hlusko

“…., no hypo- or hypermineralization). The aetiology of PFEH might be linked to extreme weather events or high rates of environmental fluoride-causing enamel breakdown. …”
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A novel approach to intraoperative diagnosis of primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease by Nethrani Sameera Wijesekara Pathirana, Hasitha Udayakumara, A S K Banagala, M R Sumanatilleke, A V T Damayanthi, S R Constantine, G W Katulanda, Z T M Thowfeek, T Sasikanth, S Pathmanathan

“…Cushing syndrome (CS) is an endocrine disorder with far-reaching complications that extend beyond the disease remission. Diagnosis of the aetiology of CS can be challenging, whether it is dependent or independent of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). …”
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Association between Urinary N-Acetyl-Beta-D-Glucosaminidase and Microalbuminuria in Diabetic Black Africans by Francis Patrick Udomah, Udeme Ekpenyong Ekrikpo, Emmanuel Effa, Babatunde Salako, Ayodeji Arije, Solomon Kadiri

“…Recent reports from Nigeria indicate the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy as an aetiology of ESRD is increasing necessitating early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. …”
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Myocarditis following mRNA COVID‐19 vaccination: call for endomyocardial biopsy by Daniel Kiblboeck, Karin Klingel, Martin Genger, Selina Traxler, Nathalie Braunsteiner, Clemens Steinwender, Joerg Kellermair

“…Overall, EMB revealed acute lymphocytic myocarditis in 5 (20.8%), chronic lymphocytic myocarditis in 6 (25%), cardiac sarcoidosis in 1 (4.2%), healed myocarditis in 6 (25%), and other diagnoses with cardiac damage of unclear aetiology in 6 (25%) cases. Our findings support the necessity of EMB in patients with suspected acute myocarditis following mRNA COVID‐19 vaccination presenting with reduced EF to establish a correct and definite diagnosis. …”
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Study on fungal contaminants in aborted calves of cattle herds in Iran by Samaneh Eidi, Hesam A. Seifi, Soheil Sadr, Hamideh Zeinali

“…The incidence of fungal aetiology has been reported thus far. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of abortions due to fungi in referred cases to the Center of Excellence in Ruminant Abortion and Neonatal Mortality, Veterinary Hospital of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran, from different provinces of Iran. …”
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Noma (cancrum oris): A scoping literature review of a neglected disease (1843 to 2021). by Elise Farley, Ushma Mehta, M Leila Srour, Annick Lenglet

“…The main areas of interest identified were the history and epidemiology of the disease, noma's clinical progression and aetiology, treatment regimens, mortality rates and the risk factors for the development of noma.…”
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Effect of a multispecies probiotic on reducing the incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial by Hania Szajewska, Jan Łukasik

“…The primary outcome will be the incidence of AAD, defined as ≥3 loose or watery stools (a score of A on the Amsterdam Infant Stool Scale or a score of 5–7 on the Bristol Stool Form scale) in 24 hours, caused either by Clostridium difficile or of otherwise unexplained aetiology, occurring during the intervention period. …”
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The Impact of Modifiable Risk Factors on the Endothelial Cell Methylome and Cardiovascular Disease Development by Hashum Sum, Alison C. Brewer

“…Although the molecular mechanisms underlying the aetiology of atherosclerosis remain unknown, it is clear that both its development and progression are associated with significant changes in the pattern of DNA methylation within the vascular cell wall. …”
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Drug administration errors among anaesthesia providers in South Africa: a cross-sectional descriptive study by René van Wyk, Ryan Alroy Davids

“…Abstract Background Drug administration errors (DAEs) in anaesthesia are common, the aetiology multifactorial and though mostly inconsequential, some lead to substantial harm. …”
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Economic instruments for population diet and physical activity behaviour change: a systematic scoping review. by Ian Shemilt, Gareth J Hollands, Theresa M Marteau, Ryota Nakamura, Susan A Jebb, Michael P Kelly, Marc Suhrcke, David Ogilvie

“…<h4>Background</h4>Unhealthy diet and low levels of physical activity are common behavioural factors in the aetiology of many non-communicable diseases. Recent years have witnessed an upsurge of policy and research interest in the use of taxes and other economic instruments to improve population health.…”
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