Effect of immunomodulation on cardiac remodelling and outcomes in heart failure: a quantitative synthesis of the literature by Navkaranbir S. Bajaj, Kartik Gupta, Nitin Gharpure, Mike Pate, Lakshay Chopra, Rajat Kalra, Sumanth D. Prabhu

“…Nineteen RCTs with 1341 HFrEF subjects were eligible for analyses. The aetiology of HF, specific immunomodulation strategy, and treatment duration were variable across trials. …”
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Comprehensive analysis of causal pathogens and determinants influencing black rot disease development in MD2 pineapples by Manori Kuruppu, Yasmeen Siddiqui, Hala Badr Khalil, Hala Badr Khalil

“…Despite its presence in various cultivars, its aetiology, specifically in MD2 pineapples remains unclear. …”
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Primary Biliary Cirrhosis-Specific Antimitochondrial Antibodies in Neonatal Haemochromatosis by Daniel S. Smyk, Maria G. Mytilinaiou, Tassos Grammatikopoulos, A. S. Knisely, Giorgina Mieli-Vergani, Dimitrios P. Bogdanos, Diego Vergani

“…Neonatal hemochromatosis (NH) is characterised by severe liver injury and extrahepatic siderosis sparing the reticuloendothelial system. Its aetiology is obscure, although it has been proposed as an alloimmune disease, resulting from immunological reaction to self-antigens (alloantigens) which the body recognizes as foreign. …”
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Factors influencing therapeutic efficacy of denosumab against osteoporosis in systemic lupus erythematosus by Sung-Hwan Park, Seung-Ki Kwok, Wan-Uk Kim, Ji Hyeon Ju, Jiwon Yang, Youngjae Park, Jennifer Jooha Lee

“…Objective Osteoporosis is a common comorbidity in patients with SLE, and bone loss in patients with SLE has a multifactorial aetiology. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of denosumab in patients with SLE with osteoporosis and to analyse the factors influencing therapeutic efficacy.Methods A total of 166 patients with SLE with osteoporosis who initiated denosumab between January 2016 and December 2023 were included. …”
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Clinical management of community-acquired meningitis in adults in the UK and Ireland in 2017: a retrospective cohort study on behalf of the National Infection Trainees Collaborativ... by Amy Robinson, Kamaljit Khalsa, Arjun Chandna, John Bowen, Viva Levee, Jan Coebergh, Tom Solomon, Clive Graham, David Turner, Robert Tilley, Tim Jones, Susan Hopkins, Matthew Stevens, Daniel White, Celestine Eshiwe, Anna Goodman, Ramandeep Singh, Robert S Heyderman, Nicholas Davies, Joseph Thompson, Ed Moran, Martin Williams, Rhea O’Regan, Simon Tiberi, Jonathan Lambourne, Naomi Bulteel, Susan Larkin, Ruth McEwen, Hassan Paraiso, Aarti Shah, Martin Wiselka, Sylviane Defres, Ernest Mutengesa, Maria Krutikov, Ruth Owen, David Griffith, David Harvey, Trupti Patel, Brendan Davies, Emma Mclean, Joanna Allen, Ali Khan, Alastair Miller, Ashutosh Deshpande, Christopher Green, Lewis Jones, Mark Melzer, Fiona McGill, Amanda Fife, Nimal Wickramasinghe, Stephanie Harris, Ewan Hunter, Jayne Ellis, Benedict Rogers, Imogen Fordham, Elen Vink, Victoria Ward, Anna Smith, Andrew Rosser, Alison Muir, Ken Woodhouse, John Shone, Iain Crossingham, Ryan Jayesinghe, Eavan Muldoon, Avneet Shahi, Terry John Evans, Jeremy Wong, Eloisa MacLachlan, Amy Chue, Karishma Gokani, Katherine Ajdukiewicz, Lucinda Barrett, Frances Edwards, Adam Usher, Mairi McLeod, Su su Htwe, Grace Duane, Nicholas Wong, Jennifer Poyner, Jenni Crane, Ollie Lloyd, Emma Chisholm, Ildiko Kustos, Sam Sutton, M. Estee Torok, Isobel Ramsay, Monica Ivan, Joshua York, Jennifer Ansett, Maithili Varadarajan, Priya Sekhon, James Cruise, Shivani Kanabar, Mirella Ling, Charlotte Milne, Jayanta Sarma, Aline Wilson, Lynn Urquhart, Sahar Eldirdiri, Leila White, Jody Aberdein, Phillip Simpson, Hnin Hay Mar, Keying Tan, Eint Shwe Zin thein, Mahmoud Aziz, Anthony Cadwgan, Natasha Weston, Salman Zeb, Angela Houston, Louise Wootton, Iona Willingham, Aimee Johnson, Ashley Horsley, Eamonn Trainor, Olivier Gaillemin, Nicholas J Norton, Katie Cheung, Megan Duxbury, Emilie Bellhouse, Helena Brezovjakova, Kanitkar Tanmay, Alexsander Dawidziuk, Razan Saman, Hugh Adler, Elshadai Ejere, Yiwen Soo, Wendy Beadles, Heather Sturgeon, Brodie Cameron, David Chadwick Ben Tomlinson, Claire McGoldrick, Katie McDowell, Mpho Molosiwa, Katherine FlackAdrian Kennedy, Phoebe Cross, Fay Perry, Vithusha Inpadhas, Sarathy Selvam, Vhairi Bateman, Henry Wu, Monika Pasztor, Ajanthiha Karunakaran, Basma Soliman, Andrew Blanshard, Harish Reddy, Helen Chesterfield, Ben Schroeder, Tee Keat Teoh, Sathyavani Subbarao, Caryn RosmarinLucy Bell, Emma McGuire, Robert Serafino, Ishaan Bhide, Karanjeet Sagoo, Indran Balakrishnan, Kajal Patel, Barzo Faris, Graeme Calver, Ricky Singh, Hazel Sanghvi, Mohamed Eltayeb, Rathur Haris

“…Among those with bacterial meningitis, pneumococcal aetiology, admission to intensive care and initial Glasgow Coma Scale Score less than 14 were associated with in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.08, 95% CI 0.96 to 4.48; aOR 4.28, 95% CI 1.81 to 10.1; aOR 2.90, 95% CI 1.26 to 6.71, respectively). …”
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Alcohol use among populations with autism spectrum disorder: narrative systematic review by William Barber, Betul Aslan, Tim Meynen, John Marsden, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Vigneshwar Paleri, Julia M.A. Sinclair

“…Four components were identified as possible aetiological risk factors: age, co-occurring conditions, gender and genetics. …”
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Assessment of adequacy and determinants of HIV related knowledge among senior school students in public schools in Abakaliki Southeast Nigeria by Maria-Lauretta Chito Orji, Ngozi Appolonia Ifebunandu, Chinwe Ifeoma Joe-Akunne, Mmeremikwu Appolus Chidiebere, Stella Echefu, Justus Ndulue Eze

“…These questions cut across the knowledge of the meaning of HIV/AIDS, its aetiology, risk factors, modes of transmission, prevention, the knowledge that an infected person may look healthy, testing, and treatment. …”
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The Mycobacterium ulcerans toxin mycolactone causes destructive Sec61-dependent loss of the endothelial glycocalyx and vessel basement membrane to drive skin necrosis by Louise Tzung-Harn Hsieh, Belinda S Hall, Jane Newcombe, Tom A Mendum, Sonia Santana Varela, Yagnesh Umrania, Michael J Deery, Wei Q Shi, Josué Diaz-Delgado, Francisco J Salguero, Rachel E Simmonds

“…However, its role in the clinically evident vascular component of disease aetiology remains poorly explained. We have now dissected mycolactone’s effects on human primary vascular endothelial cells in vitro. …”
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Targeting of retrovirus-derived Rtl8a/8b causes late-onset obesity, reduced social response and increased apathy-like behaviour by Yoshifumi Fujioka, Hirosuke Shiura, Masayuki Ishii, Ryuichi Ono, Tsutomu Endo, Hiroshi Kiyonari, Yoshikazu Hirate, Hikaru Ito, Masami Kanai-Azuma, Takashi Kohda, Tomoko Kaneko-Ishino, Fumitoshi Ishino

“…As GABRB2 has been implicated in the aetiology of several neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, it is likely that the reduction of GABRB2 is one of the major causes of the neuropsychiatric defects in the DKO mice.…”
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Left ventricular output indices and sacubitril/valsartan titration: role of stroke volume index by Paolo Tolomeo, Ottavio Zucchetti, Emanuele D'Aniello, Noemi Punzo, Federico Marchini, Luca Di Ienno, Elisabetta Tonet, Rita Pavasini, Claudio Rapezzi, Gianluca Campo, Matteo Serenelli

“…Mean age of patients was 73.7 ± 10.4 years, 72 patients (71.7%) had ischaemic aetiology of HF, and mean ejection fraction was 29.4 ± 5.9%. …”
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Children in Vegetative State and Minimally Conscious State: Patients’ Condition and Caregivers’ Burden by A. M. Giovannetti, M. Pagani, D. Sattin, V. Covelli, A. Raggi, S. Strazzer, E. Castelli, A. Trabacca, A. Martinuzzi, M. Leonardi

“…Children were mainly males (68.6%), hosted at domicile (77.1%), and diagnosed with VS (60%), with anoxic aetiology (45.7%). Caregivers were mainly mothers (85.7%), married (82.9%), and housewives (51.4%); 60% declared financial difficulties, and 82.9% provided full-time assistance. 57.2% reported depressive symptoms, poor mental health, and high level of state and trait anxiety. …”
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Comparison of MRI and CT in the Evaluation of Unilateral Maxillary Sinus Opacification by Elise Chua, Annakan V. Navaratnam, Dominic St Leger, Vincent Lam, Samit Unadkat, Alexander Weller

“…A consensus radiological diagnosis was determined, stratified into potentially neoplastic or infectious/inflammatory aetiology, and compared with nasal endoscopy and final diagnosis. …”
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Ejaculate Oxidative Stress Is Related with Sperm DNA Fragmentation and Round Cells by Valeria Maria Iommiello, Elena Albani, Alessandra Di Rosa, Alessandra Marras, Francesca Menduni, Giovanna Morreale, Shanti Lia Levi, Benedetta Pisano, Paolo Emanuele Levi-Setti

“…Oxidative stress (OS) plays an essential role in male infertility aetiology by affecting sperm quality, function, and also the integrity of sperm DNA. …”
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Diagnostic value of interleukins 23 and 17 in the assessment of ulcerative colitis severity by M.V. Stoikevych, O.M. Tatarchuk, T.S. Tarasova

“…Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic bowel disease with a complex aetiology that includes immune, genetic and environmental factors. …”
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Exploring the role of circulating proteins in multiple myeloma risk: a Mendelian randomization study by Matthew A. Lee, Kate L. Burley, Emma L. Hazelwood, Sally Moore, Sarah J. Lewis, Lucy J. Goudswaard

“…Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable blood cancer with unclear aetiology. Proteomics is a valuable tool in exploring mechanisms of disease. …”
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Nanopore sequencing as a novel method of characterising anorexia nervosa risk loci by Natasha Berthold, Silvana Gaudieri, Sean Hood, Monika Tschochner, Allison L. Miller, Jennifer Jordan, Laura M. Thornton, Cynthia M. Bulik, Patrick Anthony Akkari, Martin A. Kennedy

“…Abstract Background Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a polygenic, severe metabopsychiatric disorder with poorly understood aetiology. Eight significant loci have been identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability was estimated to be ~ 11–17, yet causal variants remain elusive. …”
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Case Report: Diagnostic itinerary of a male case of juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus in Bouake by Aissata Doucoure Traore, Aissata Doucoure Traore, Joseph Kan Enock Koffi, Joseph Kan Enock Koffi, Christ Ziahy Reine Marie Koffi, Christ Ziahy Reine Marie Koffi, Konan Joe Clovis Yao, Konan Joe Clovis Yao, Jean Jacque Goua, Jean Jacque Goua, Ehaulier Soh Christian Kouakou, Ehaulier Soh Christian Kouakou, Weu Melanie Tia, Weu Melanie Tia, Felix Jean Claude Daboiko, Felix Jean Claude Daboiko

“…Juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (JLES) is an autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology. It is more common in girls but can occur in boys. …”
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Tissue Doppler echocardiography predicts long-term cardiovascular mortality: the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial (ASCOT) legacy 20-year follow-up study by Simon Thom, Alice Stanton, Jamil Mayet, Amit Kaura, Darrel Francis, Anoop SV Shah, Andrew Sharp, Alun D Hughes, Neil R Poulter, Anenta Ratneswaren, Tong Wu, Somayeh Rostamian, Devan Wasan, PS Sever

“…Cardiovascular mortality was defined as death from coronary heart disease, stroke and other cardiovascular aetiology such as heart failure or peripheral vascular disease. …”
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Finger Length Ratios in Serbian Transsexuals by Svetlana Vujović, Srdjan Popović, Ljiljana Mrvošević Marojević, Miomira Ivović, Milina Tančić-Gajić, Miloš Stojanović, Ljiljana V. Marina, Marija Barać, Branko Barać, Milena Kovačević, Dragana Duišin, Jasmina Barišić, Miroslav L. Djordjević, Dragan Micić

“…Results of our study go in favour of the biological aetiology of transsexualism.…”
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Association between Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) Levels, Liver Function and Short-Term Survival of Paediatric Liver Recipients by R. M. Kurabekova, O. M. Tsiroulnikova, I. E. Pashkova, L. V. Makarova, N. P. Mozheiko, A. R. Monakhov, O. P. Shevchenko

“…IGF-1 shows lower concentrations in biliary atresia and other cholestatic liver diseases compared to non-cholestatic aetiologies (4.7 (0.0—23.4) and 42.3 (9.0—55.0) ng/mL, respectively, p = 0.03). …”
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