Online Monitoring Oxidative Products and Metabolites of Nicotine by Free Radicals Generation with Fenton Reaction in Tandem Mass Spectrometry by Shih-Shin Liang, Yow-Ling Shiue, Chao-Jen Kuo, Su-Er Guo, Wei-Ting Liao, Eing-Mei Tsai

“…In general, over 70% absorbed nicotine is metabolized to cotinine and trans-3′-hydroxycotinine by cytochrome oxidase P450, and nicotine is also a major addictive and the psychoactive component in cigarettes. …”
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Understanding cannabis use in Singapore: profile of users and drug progression by Doris Xin Yi Chia, Charis Wei Ling Ng, Pezhummoottil Vasudevan Nair Asharani, Sabina Au Yong, Jun Wen Tan, Noor Azizah Bte Zainuldin, Samuel Kee Guan Chua, Lambert Tchern Kuang Low, Christopher Cheng Soon Cheok, Gomathinayagam Kandasami

“…Methods: A total of 450 participants who had used cannabis at least once in their lifetime were recruited from the National Addictions Management Service, prisons, the Community Rehabilitation Centre and halfway houses from August 2017 to May 2018. …”
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Empty Calories in Processed Foods: A Comprehensive Review of Dietary Implications by Yusuf Sarkingobir, Yusuf Yahaya Miya

“…People easily become addicted to empty calories due to natural love for sugar, poor awareness, cheapness of the products, etc. …”
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Large variability in the alkaloid content of Corydalis yanhusuo dietary supplements by Paula B. Luis, Claus Schneider

“…CY alkaloids have shown analgesic, cardioprotective, and anti-addictive effects in animal models of disease. Since CY alkaloids are available to consumers as dietary supplements we analyzed the content of alkaloids in 14 products including open powders, capsules, and liquid formulations, capturing a majority of the products available online in the US.MethodsNineteen alkaloids were quantified using HPLC analyses with diode array detection after extraction using a weak cation exchange column.ResultsTotal alkaloid content was highly variable among the products, ranging from below quantifiable in some to ≈11 mg/g in others. …”
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Exploring the mechanism of trait depression and cognitive impairment on the formation of among individuals with methamphetamine use disorder under varying degrees of social support by Wei Wang, Wei Wang, Guangsheng Sun, Guangsheng Sun, Chen Li, Chen Li, Cunxi Qiu, Junyi Fan, Yuhan Jin

“…Methamphetamine Use Disorder not only impairs the physical and mental wellbeing of addicts but also elevates their risk of suicide. Despite the high suicide rate among individuals with methamphetamine use disorder, research on their clinical characteristics and suicide risk factors remains scarce. …”
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Functional connectome gradient of prefrontal cortex as biomarkers of high risk for internet gaming disorder by Xinwen Wen, Lirong Yue, Zhe Du, Jiahao Zhao, Mengjiao Ge, Cunfeng Yuan, Hongmei Wang, Qinghua He, Kai Yuan

“…We recruited 219 non-internet gaming addicted college students and evaluated them with magnetic resonance imaging, followed by a two-year longitudinal follow-up. …”
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Anti-proteolytic regulation of KRAS by USP9X/NDRG3 in KRAS-driven cancer development by Han Koo, Kyung Chan Park, Hyun Ahm Sohn, Minho Kang, Dong Joon Kim, Zee-Yong Park, Sehoon Park, Sang Hyun Min, Seong-Hwan Park, Yeon-Mi You, Yohan Han, Bo-Kyung Kim, Chul-Ho Lee, Yeon-Soo Kim, Sang J. Chung, Young Il Yeom, Dong Chul Lee

“…In summary, KRAS-driven cancer development critically depends on the deubiquitination of KRAS protein mediated by USP9X/NDRG3, and KRAS-addicted cancers could be effectively targeted by inhibiting the KRAS-NDRG3 interaction.…”
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Self-preserving behavior in the student environment as a way to cope with bad habits by Svetlana A. Tyaglova, Anton A. Ryabykh

“…To determine the state of the problem, the authors conducted a study among 3 and 4-year students of the technical university (55 people aged 18-25 years), identifying the most common harmful addictions during training and their prerequisites according to the students opinion. …”
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Relationship of individual psychological factors of cadets’ adaptation in voyage conditions by O. Ivanova, Y. Chumaieva, S. Kushchinska

“…The most common symptoms of health disorders among cadets on a voyage are vegetative and emotional instability, sleep disturbances, less pronounced symptoms of maladjustment such as addictions, anxiety, and fears, and the least pronounced symptoms are psychophysical exhaustion and willpower disorders. …”
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Becoming Socialized into a New Professional Role: LPN to BN Student Nurses' Experiences with Legitimation by Sherri Melrose, Jean Miller, Kathryn Gordon, Katherine J. Janzen

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A qualitative study to explain the determinants of naswār consumption from the point of view of its consumers by Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan, Amir Mansouri, Behnam Masmouei, Noureddin Niknam, Fatemeh Zahedi

“…RESULTS: Three main categories were extracted: (1) Individual factors and beliefs related to naswār consumption (Non-addictive, similar and replacement with smoking, Not causing confusion, Being relaxing and enjoyable, increasing the effect of using other substances, reducing fatigue, causing body aches due to lack of use, having long effect, not causing physical problems, not causing weakness, having fast effect, increasing energy to work), (2) Environmental factors (being available, Having the low price, being consumed anywhere, being easy to store and carry, Not understanding others), and (3) Social factors (as a hobby, lack of entertainment, relatives and friends of the consumer, lack of ban on the consumption of naswār, lack of family opposition). …”
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Community Development in the Rural Areas through Traditional Indigenous Knowledge by Godfrey, Barigye, Siraje, Kaaya

“…Also, the rural area is seen as the place where the elderly, disabled, victims of war, unemployed, drug addicts and those with poor political governance reside. …”
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Treatment Options for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer After Failure of Previous Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Chemotherapy: Meta-Analysis of Five Randomized Controlled Trial... by Andrea Messori, Andrea Ossato, Lorenzo Gasperoni, Luna Del Bono, Alessandro Inno, Vera Damuzzo

“…Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), either alone or in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy, are effective in the first-line treatment of metastatic, non-oncogene-addicted, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, when NSCLC patients progress, the efficacy of available treatment options is limited. …”
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Design of an equilibrative nucleoside transporter subtype 1 inhibitor for pain relief by Nicholas J. Wright, Yutaka Matsuoka, Hyeri Park, Wei He, Caroline G. Webster, Kenta Furutani, Justin G. Fedor, Aidan McGinnis, Yiquan Zhao, Ouyang Chen, Sangsu Bang, Ping Fan, Ivan Spasojevic, Jiyong Hong, Ru-Rong Ji, Seok-Yong Lee

“…Abstract The current opioid crisis urgently calls for developing non-addictive pain medications. Progress has been slow, highlighting the need to uncover targets with unique mechanisms of action. …”
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Employing the concept of stacking ensemble learning to generate deep dream images using multiple CNN variants by Lafta Alkhazraji, Ayad R. Abbas, Abeer S. Jamil, Zahraa Saddi Kadhim, Wissam Alkhazraji, Sabah Abdulazeez Jebur, Bassam Noori Shaker, Mohammed Abdallazez Mohammed, Mohanad A. Mohammed, Basim Mohammed Al-Araji, Abdulkareem Z. Mohmmed, Wasiq Khan, Bilal Khan, Abir Jaafar Hussain

“…Addiction and adverse effects resulting from schizophrenia are rapidly becoming a global issue, necessitating the development of advanced approaches that can provide support to psychiatrists and psychologists to understand and replicate the hallucinations and imagery experienced by patients. …”
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The complex social, cultural and psychological drivers of the ‘chemsex’ experiences of men who have sex with men: a systematic review and conceptual thematic synthesis of qualitati... by Edward Mundy, Alexander Carter, Tom Nadarzynski, Christopher Whiteley, Richard O. de Visser, Carrie D. Llewellyn

“…However, a large body of qualitative literature exists, drawing on different theoretical frameworks.MethodsA systematic review and thematic synthesis of the qualitative research on chemsex was conducted with the aim of exploring the chemsex experiences of MSM in the context of substance misuse and addictions, and to reviewing their underlying theoretical frameworks. …”
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The influence of the built environment on drug misuse and abuse by Adewumi Oladele, Edward Onyango, Kyle Esdaille

“…Policies and programs are needed that place the built environment at the centre of health, drug overdose prevention, and harm reduction, provide increased treatment facilities for addicted persons, ensure stricter opioid prescription measures, and address poverty as well as hopelessness due to disinvestment. …”
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Expression of a Splice Variant of CYP26B1 in Betel Quid-Related Oral Cancer by Ping-Ho Chen, Ka-Wo Lee, Cheng-Chieh Hsu, Jeff Yi-Fu Chen, Yan-Hsiung Wang, Ker-Kong Chen, Hui-Min David Wang, Hurng-Wern Huang, Bin Huang

“…Betel quid (BQ) is a psychostimulant, an addictive substance, and a group 1 carcinogen that exhibits the potential to induce adverse health effects. …”
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BP « Deepwater Horizon » du Golfe du Mexique à l’Afrique : un tournant pour l’industrie pétrolière ? by Géraud Magrin, Bopp van Dessel

“…International Oil Companies are pushing the (technical/managerial) borders to stay in business in modern world (with the State Oil Companies doing the easy oil left) and provide us the oil we are addicted to. The exploration of oil and gas in Deepwaters or extreme environments brings along new and increased risks. …”
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Tabaquismo by Alfredo Darío Espinosa Brito, Alfredo Espinosa Roca

“…</p><p>This article classifies individuals according to smoking habit and defines addicts according to the main reasons why they smoke. …”
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