X-Chromosome Inactivation and Related Diseases by Zhuo Sun, Jinbo Fan, Yang Wang

“…X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is the form of dosage compensation in mammalian female cells to balance X-linked gene expression levels of the two sexes. …”
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The Polycomb group protein EED is dispensable for the initiation of random X-chromosome inactivation. by Sundeep Kalantry, Terry Magnuson

“…The Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) plays an essential role in mammalian X-chromosome inactivation (XCI), a model system to investigate heritable gene silencing. …”
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Unique Case Reports Associated with Ovarian Failure: Necessity of Two Intact X Chromosomes by Lakshmi Rao Kandukuri, Venkata Padmalatha, Murthy Kanakavalli, Raseswari Turlapati, Mangalipally Swapna, Metuku Vidyadhari, Govindaraghavan Saranaya, Kattera Himaja, Mamata Deenadayal, Bipin Kumar Sethi, Prasun Deb, Nalini Gupta, Baidyanath Chakraborthy, Pratibha Nallari, Lalji Singh

“…Interestingly, majority of the abnormalities involved the X-chromosome and we report two unique abnormalities, (46,XXdel(Xq21-22) and q28) and (mos,45XO/46,X+ringX) involving X chromosome in association with ovarian failure. …”
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A Turner Syndrome Patient Carrying a Mosaic Distal X Chromosome Marker by Roberto L. P. Mazzaschi, Juliet Taylor, Stephen P. Robertson, Donald R. Love, Alice M. George

“…Conventional karyotyping revealed a mosaic Turner syndrome karyotype with a cell line containing a small marker of X chromosome origin. This was later confirmed on peripheral blood cultures by conventional G-banding, fluorescence in situ hybridisation and microarray analysis. …”
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An investigation of a hemophilia A female with heterozygous intron 22 inversion and skewed X chromosome inactivation by Xiaoyan Tan, Yi Yang, Xia Wu, Jing Zhu, Teng Wang, Huihui Jiang, Shu Chen, Shifeng Lou

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Genetic parameters and genome-wide association studies including the X chromosome for various reproduction and semen quality traits in Nellore cattle by Felipe E. de Carvalho, José Bento S. Ferraz, Victor B. Pedrosa, Elisangela C. Matos, Joanir P. Eler, Marcio R. Silva, José D. Guimarães, Fernando Bussiman, Barbara C. A. Silva, Henrique A. Mulim, Artur Oliveira Rocha, Andre C. Araujo, Hui Wen, Gabriel S. Campos, Luiz F. Brito

“…When performing genomic analyses, genetic markers located on the X chromosome have been commonly ignored despite the X chromosome being one of the largest chromosomes in the cattle genome. …”
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X Chromosome Pericentric Inversion: Report of a Case with 46,X,inv(X)(p11.2q26) and a Mini-Review of the Literature by Emine Göktaş, Betül Okur Altındaş, Ayşe Gül Zamani, Mahmut Selman Yıldırım

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Synergistic Effects of Extra X Chromosome on Development of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Sjögren Disease in Klinefelter and Triple X Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Study by Anna‐Kay Palmer, Irene J. Tan

“…Our study investigates the dose effects of extra X chromosomes on the development of SLE and SjD in KS and triple X syndrome compared with the general population. …”
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Immune Gene Expression Profiling in Individuals with Turner Syndrome, Graves’ Disease, and a Healthy Female by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing: A Comparative Study by Soo Yeun Sim, In-Cheol Baek, Won Kyoung Cho, Min Ho Jung, Tai-Gyu Kim, Byung-Kyu Suh

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Assessment of XCI skewing and demonstration of XCI escape region based on single-cell RNA sequencing: comparison between female Grave’s disease and control by In-Cheol Baek, Soo Yeun Sim, Byung-Kyu Suh, Tai-Gyu Kim, Won Kyoung Cho

Subjects: “…X chromosome inactivation…”
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KDM6A facilitates Xist upregulation at the onset of X inactivation by Josephine Lin, Jinli Zhang, Li Ma, He Fang, Rui Ma, Camille Groneck, Galina N. Filippova, Xinxian Deng, Chizuru Kinoshita, Jessica E. Young, Wenxiu Ma, Christine M. Disteche, Joel B. Berletch

“…Abstract Background X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a female-specific process in which one X chromosome is silenced to balance X-linked gene expression between the sexes. …”
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A first study on sperm sexing in water buffalo through magnetic nanoparticles by Syed Murtaza Hassan Andrabi, Muhammad Hammad Fayyaz, Muhammad Shafiq Haider, Ghulam Muhammad Ali

“…The mean fold expression of the PLP gene (X chromosome bearing sperm) was higher (p<0.05) in all sexed groups (average: 15.34-fold = 91.09% X chromosome bearing sperm) as compared to control (1.60- fold). …”
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SHOX Duplication and Tall Stature in a Patient with Xq Deletion and Vascular Disease by J. M. Ramirez, F. A. Rodríguez, M. I. Echeverría, A. L. Vargas, A. E. Calderón, R. M. Miatello, N. F. Renna

“…The anomalies of X chromosome are classified as numerical or structural. …”
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Primary Biliary Cirrhosis in A Patient with Turner Syndrome by Piotr Milkiewicz, Jenny Heathcote

“…An increased prevalence of X chromosome monosomy has recently been demonstrated in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). …”
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Multiple Roles of the Y Chromosome in the Biology of Drosophila melanogaster by Roberto Piergentili

“…Morgan was able to associate the X chromosome of the fruit fly with a phenotypic character (the eye color) for the first time. …”
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Parent-of-origin effects on nuclear chromatin organization and behavior in a Drosophila model for Williams–Beuren Syndrome by A. V. Medvedeva, E. V. Tokmatcheva, A. N. Kaminskaya, S. A. Vasileva, E. A. Nikitina, A. V. Zhuravlev, G. A. Zakharov, O. G. Zatsepina, E. V. Savvateeva-Popova

“…As is shown in this study, the polytene X chromosome bands in reciprocal hybrids between agnts3 and the wild type strain Berlin are heterogeneous in modes of FEC regulation depending either on maternal or paternal gene origin. …”
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Prenatal Diagnosis of the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. A Family Presentation by Humberto Perera Navarro, Tatiana Zaldivar-Vaillant, Carlos Viñas-Portilla, Ariel Medina Concepción, Rosa Guerra Badía, Mariesky Zayas Guillot

“…The responsible gene of the disease is known as DMD and it is located in the X chromosome shorter arm. A family history is presented in which the pregnant woman who is the sick patient’s sister asks for a prenatal diagnosis. …”
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Combination of Gonadal Dysgenesis and Monosomy X with a Novo Translocation (13,14) by Hanane Latrech, Houssein Madar, Ahmed Gaouzi

“…Turner syndrome is a common sex chromosome disorder characterized by complete or partial absence of an X chromosome. The spectrum of its clinical features and cytogenetics are various. …”
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Evaluation of X-Inactivation Status and Cytogenetic Stability of Human Dermal Fibroblasts after Long-Term Culture by Zhi-Gang Xue, Zhan-Ping Shi, Juan Dong, Ting-Ting Liao, Yan-Peng Wang, Xue-Ping Sun, Zheng-Jie Yan, Xiao-Qiao Qian, Yu-Gui Cui, Juan Chen, Jia-Yin Liu, Guoping Fan

“…We conclude that female HDF cultures exhibit a higher risk of genetic anomalies such as carrying an increased number of X chromosomes including both active and inactive X chromosomes at a high passage (≥P10).…”
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Coexistence of Ankylosing Spondylitis and Klinefelter's Syndrome by Şenol Kobak, Murat Yalçin, Muamer Karadeniz, Guray Oncel

“…Affected males have an extra X chromosome. This paper reports a 30-years-old male on followup with the diagnosis of Klinefelters syndrome. …”
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