Does Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis Survival in the Environment Confound Bovine Tuberculosis Control and Eradication? A Literature Review by Adrian R. Allen, Tom Ford, Robin A. Skuce

“…Although we focus on evidence from Western Europe, the concepts are widely applicable to other multihost bTB episystems.…”
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Nuclear and chloroplast genome variability in leek (Allium porrum L.) by E. A. Dyachenko, T. M. Seredin, M. A. Filyushin

“…Leek has a high taste and proven valuable dietary properties and is one of the most popular vegetable crops in Western Europe. Despite a high importance of leek as a vegetable, this species is rarely the subject of molecular genetic studies. …”
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Comparative Assessment of Global Value Chains' Influence on National Economies by K. S. Goncharova, A. G. Shelomentsev, N. N. Masyuk

“…Thirdly, a selection of countries in Western Europe, the Middle East, and the Asia-Pacific region—such as Germany, Italy, France, Israel, the USA, China, Japan, the Russian Federation, India, and Korea—play a substantial role in the development of global value chains through the active expansion of their national TNCs. …”
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Agroforestry systems favor bat conservation but only when old and grazed by Manon Edo, Martin H. Entling, Felix Herzog, Kira Noe, João HN Palma, Ayla Seithe, Will Simonson, Jo Smith, Anja Weiler, Verena Rösch

“…In this study, bat activity was recorded with autonomous sound recorders (AudioMoth) in sixty-five agroforestry and reference sites across western Europe. Bat activity in silvopastoral systems was two times higher than in pastures and orchards and four times higher than in cropland. …”
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The “Heretics” Hermeneutics: Bosnia and Balkan Bogomils in the Mirror of Modern Hungarian Literature As Potential(Borrowed?) Theaters of Multidimensional Orientalism by Marton Ivanyi

“…This dynamic was further complicated by Hungary’s intermediary status between Western Europe and the Balkans, creating a cultural and epistemological space that was neither fully “Orientalized” nor wholly part of the Western Occident. …”
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Susceptibility of European Agrilus beetle species to the biocontrol agents of Emerald Ash Borer in the laboratory by Katy Reed, Freya Cole, Neil Audsley, Anastasia Uglow, Rachel Down, Kerry Barnard, Daegan Inward

“…The emerald ash borer (EAB, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is devastating ash trees in its invaded range of North America and spreading rapidly towards Western Europe from European Russia and Ukraine. To allow a rapid response when the beetle is detected, slow its spread and protect trees as part of a wider integrated pest management programme, pre-emptive biological control strategies that are suitable for Great Britain and the rest of Europe must urgently be developed. …”
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Assessment of Economic Management of Land Resources to Enhance Food Security by Dinara Tleshpayeva, Natalia Bondarenko, Mikhail Leontev, Galina Mashentseva, Julia Plaksa, Andrey Zharov, Diana Stepanova, Agzhan Karbozova

“…Based on document analysis and expert surveys, an optimal land ratio of approximately 30% meadows/pastures, 20% arable land, and 20% water is recommended, aligned with practices in Western Europe and North America. The study suggests measures for sustainable land use, including transferring degraded lands to pasture, preferential taxation for ecologically clean production, and financial incentives for restoring and conserving land. …”
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Tsardom of Muscovy Traditional Culture and Peter's Westernization Project by T. V. Chernikova

“…The start of early Europeanization, when Russia began borrowing military, technical, cultural, and other innovations from Western Europe can be dated from the birth of a unified Moscow state. …”
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Global, regional, and national epidemiology of allergic diseases in children from 1990 to 2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 by Jun Zheng, Yi-jing Jin, Cheng-hai Wang, Chu Feng, Xin-yuan Lai, Shu-qing Hua, Jia-hui Tai

“…Geographic variations were notable: High-income North America showed the highest asthma incidence, while Western Europe led in AD prevalence. The global burden of asthma-related DALYs declined from 6.9 million in 1990 to 4.6 million in 2021, with significant regional disparities. …”
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Future changes in compound explosive cyclones and atmospheric rivers in the North Atlantic by F. Lopez-Marti, F. Lopez-Marti, M. Ginesta, D. Faranda, A. Rutgersson, A. Rutgersson, P. Yiou, L. Wu, G. Messori, G. Messori, G. Messori

“…Finally, under the high-emission scenario, the explosive cyclone and atmospheric river concurrences show an increase and model agreement over western Europe. As such, our work provides a novel statistical relation between explosive cyclones and atmospheric rivers in CMIP6 climate projections and a characterization of their joint changes in intensity and location.…”
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Rectal Tumour Staging with Endorectal Ultrasound: Is There Any Difference between Western and Eastern European Countries? by Anna Fábián, Renáta Bor, Klaudia Farkas, Anita Bálint, Ágnes Milassin, Mariann Rutka, László Tiszlavicz, Tibor Wittmann, Ferenc Nagy, Tamás Molnár, Zoltán Szepes

“…Our retrospective study (2006–2012) evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of ERUS and compares the results, the first data from Central Europe, with those from Western Europe. The effect of neoadjuvant therapy, rectal probe type, and investigator’s experience were also assessed. …”
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‘Subtle Instrument of Music’: Translating the Sound and Appearance of Decadence in Wilde’s Salomé by Erin Dunbar

“…Examples of this exist and spring from the multilingual literary environment of Western Europe during the period. Wine, women, beauty, and sex were the bases for the hedonistic lifestyle led by those within the afore-mentioned places and eras, and these are communicated in both voice—or timbre—and meaning. …”
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Increasing Health Burdens Driven by Global Trade Induced Air Pollution by Ruifei Li, Yu Luo, Xu Zhu, Jin Zhang, Pei Hua, Zhenyu Wang, Wenyu Yang, Qiuwen Chen, Hui Li

“…Hypothetical scenarios show that the participation of Western Europe in international trade contributed to the reduction in global health burden, while the USA gained health benefits from international trade. …”
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Pollen contamination and mating structure in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) clonal seed orchards revealed by SNP markers by Bouffier, Laurent, Debille, Sandrine, Alazard, Pierre, Raffin, Annie, Pastuszka, Patrick, Trontin, Jean-François

“…Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) is a major forest tree species in south-western Europe. In France, an advanced breeding program for this conifer species has been underway since the early 1960s. …”
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Polydomus karssenii gen. nov. sp. nov. is a dark septate endophyte with a bifunctional lifestyle parasitising eggs of plant parasitic cyst nematodes (Heterodera spp.) by Samad Ashrafi, Jan-Peer Wennrich, Yvonne Becker, Jose G. Maciá-Vicente, Anke Brißke-Rode, Matthias Daub, Torsten Thünen, Abdelfattah A. Dababat, Maria R. Finckh, Marc Stadler, Wolfgang Maier

“…The morphology, the interaction with nematodes and plants and the phylogenetic relationships of these strains originating from a broad geographic range covering Western Europe to Asia Minor were studied. Phylogenetic analyses using five genomic loci including ITSrDNA, LSUrDNA, SSUrDNA, rpb2 and tef1-α were carried out. …”
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Vitamin D Status in Central Europe by Pawel Pludowski, William B. Grant, Harjit Pal Bhattoa, Milan Bayer, Vladyslav Povoroznyuk, Ema Rudenka, Heorhi Ramanau, Szabolcs Varbiro, Alena Rudenka, Elzbieta Karczmarewicz, Roman Lorenc, Justyna Czech-Kowalska, Jerzy Konstantynowicz

“…Concentrations of 25(OH)D in CE appeared lower than 30 ng/mL, and the magnitude of hypovitaminosis D was similar to that reported in Western Europe. While most of the studies reviewed were cross-sectional studies, a longitudinal study was also included to obtain information on seasonal variability. …”
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Understanding the Behavioral Differences Between American and German Users: A Data-Driven Study by Chenxi Yang, Yang Chen, Qingyuan Gong, Xinlei He, Yu Xiao, Yuhuan Huang, Xiaoming Fu

“…Given that the USA and Germany are the most populous countries in North America and Western Europe, understanding the behavioral differences between American and German users of online social networks is essential. …”
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Global trends and epidemiological impact of metabolic risk factors on atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter from 1990 to 2021 by Junqing Liang, Jun Shen, Yankai Guo, Manzeremu Rejiepu, Xiuwen Ling, Xiaoyan Wang, Yi Jian, Xing Zhang, Shijie Shao, Baopeng Tang, Ling Zhang

“…In 2021, the highest ASDR and ASMR were recorded in Australasia, North America, and Western Europe, with significant country-level variability. …”
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Insights on the Permian tuff beds from the Saint-Affrique Basin (Massif Central, France): an integrated geochemical and geochronological study by Poujol, Marc, Mercuzot, Mathilde, Lopez, Michel, Bourquin, Sylvie, Bruguier, Olivier, Hallot, Erwan, Beccaletto, Laurent

“…In the Eastern Pangea intertropical domain (i.e. the present-day Western Europe), the late-Paleozoic (i.e. uppermost Carboniferous–Permian) history remains poorly constrained due to the lack of precise radiometric data. …”
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Global, regional, and national disease burden attributable to high systolic blood pressure in youth and young adults: 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study analysis by Chuan He, Saien Lu, Haijie Yu, Yingxian Sun, Xueyao Zhang

“…Regionally, significant improvements in HSBP-related burden were observed in most high-sociodemographic index (SDI) regions, including high-income Asia Pacific (deaths: percentage change, − 72.65%; DALYs: percentage change, − 69.30%) and Western Europe (deaths: percentage change, − 72.89%; DALYs: percentage change, − 67.48%). …”
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