Th2 Regulation of Viral Myocarditis in Mice: Different Roles for TLR3 versus TRIF in Progression to Chronic Disease by Eric D. Abston, Michael J. Coronado, Adriana Bucek, Djahida Bedja, Jaewook Shin, Joseph B. Kim, Eunyong Kim, Kathleen L. Gabrielson, Dimitrios Georgakopoulos, Wayne Mitzner, DeLisa Fairweather

“…Although TLR3- or TRIF-deficient mice developed similarly worse acute CVB3 myocarditis and viral replication compared to control mice, disease was significantly worse in TRIF compared to TLR3-deficient mice. …”
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hnRNPH1 Inhibits Influenza Virus Replication by Binding Viral RNA by Ruixue Xue, Danqi Bao, Tianxin Ma, Shiqi Niu, Zihua Wu, Xuehua Lv, Yunxiang Zhang, Guanlong Xu, Dawei Yan, Zhifei Zhang, Xue Pan, Minghao Yan, Qiaoyang Teng, Chunxiu Yuan, Zejun Li, Qinfang Liu

“…Given that a large number of progeny viral RNA occupies the nucleus, whether there is any host protein located in the nucleus that recognizes the viral RNA and inhibits the viral replication remains largely unknown. In this study, to explore the role of hnRNPH1 in influenza virus infection, we knocked down and over-expressed the hnRNPH1 proteins in 293T cells, then infected the cells with the influenza virus. …”
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Fusion to Flaviviral Leader Peptide Targets HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase for Secretion and Reduces Its Enzymatic Activity and Ability to Induce Oxidative Stress but Has No Major Eff... by Anastasia Latanova, Stefan Petkov, Yulia Kuzmenko, Athina Kilpeläinen, Alexander Ivanov, Olga Smirnova, Olga Krotova, Sergey Korolev, Jorma Hinkula, Vadim Karpov, Maria Isaguliants, Elizaveta Starodubova

“…Reverse transcriptase (RT) is a key enzyme in viral replication and susceptibility to ART and a crucial target of immunotherapy against drug-resistant HIV-1. …”
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Severe metabolic accumulation of VV116 in kidney transplant patients with impaired renal function: a case series report by Jiaying Zhang, Yuan Gao, Xiaoyun Miao, Wei Wang, Zhongkai Zhou, Yunyi Gao, Liwei Liu, Menghua Wu, Ke Ma, Ling Zhou, Yan Yang, Sha Meng, Yingmei Feng, Zhuorui Zhao, Wei Liu, Danlei Mou, Zixin Kang, Lianchun Liang, Zhongjie Hu

“…Deuremidevir hydrobromide tablets (VV116) is an orally small molecule agents target SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and inhibits viral replication. It may have a low likelihood of drug-drug interactions and has a potential to provide new treatment option. …”
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Severe COVID-19 disease is associated with genetic factors affecting plasma ACE2 receptor and CRP concentrations by Verena Vogi, David Haschka, Lukas Forer, Simon Schwendinger, Verena Petzer, Stefan Coassin, Ivan Tancevski, Thomas Sonnweber, Judith Löffler-Ragg, Elisabeth Puchhammer-Stöckl, Marianne Graninger, Dominik Wolf, Florian Kronenberg, Johannes Zschocke, Emina Jukic, Günter Weiss

“…Furthermore, specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that contribute to either of the two Polygenic Scores predicting basal CRP levels are associated with different traits that represent risk factors for COVID-19 disease initiation (ACE2 receptor, viral replication) and progression (CRP). We suggest that genetically determined enforced CRP formation may contribute to strengthening of innate immune responses and better initial pathogen control thereby reducing the risk of subsequent hyperinflammation and adverse course of COVID-19.…”
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Structural insights into dynamics of the BMV TLS aminoacylation by Wen Yang, Ran Yi, Jing Yao, Yongxiang Gao, Shanshan Li, Qingguo Gong, Kaiming Zhang

“…Abstract Brome Mosaic Virus (BMV) utilizes a tRNA-like structure (TLS) within its 3’ untranslated region to mimic host tRNA functions, aiding aminoacylation and viral replication. This study explores the structural dynamics of BMV TLS interacting with tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) during aminoacylation. …”
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Virus adaptation to heparan sulfate comes with capsid stability tradeoff by Han Kang Tee, Simon Crouzet, Arunima Muliyil, Gregory Mathez, Valeria Cagno, Matteo Dal Peraro, Aleksandar Antanasijevic, Sophie Clément, Caroline Tapparel

“…This pH-independent entry mechanism boosts viral replication in cell lines but may prove deleterious in vivo, especially for enteric viruses crossing the acidic gastric environment before reaching their primary replication site, the intestine. …”
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Discovery of a heparan sulfate binding domain in monkeypox virus H3 as an anti-poxviral drug target combining AI and MD simulations by Bin Zheng, Meimei Duan, Yifen Huang, Shangchen Wang, Jun Qiu, Zhuojian Lu, Lichao Liu, Guojin Tang, Lin Cheng, Peng Zheng

“…Targeting this domain, we designed a protein inhibitor, which disrupted the H3-HS interaction, inhibited viral infection in vitro and viral replication in vivo, offering a promising antiviral candidate. …”
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Isoleucine at position 137 of haemagglutinin acts as a mammalian adaptation marker of H9N2 avian influenza virus by Weiwei Ma, Chenyang Ren, Lin Shi, Bo Meng, Yali Feng, Ying Zhang

“…Further studies revealed that the threonine (T) to I mutation at HA position 137 enhanced viral replication in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the HA-T137I substitution in H9N2 avian influenza virus increased the guinea pig transmission efficiency. …”
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Evaluation of the Expression of Infection-Related Long Noncoding RNAs among COVID-19 Patients: A Case-Control Study by Zahra Firoozi, Elham Mohammadisoleimani, Farzaneh Bagheri, Atefeh Taheri, Babak Pezeshki, Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh, Abdolreza Daraei, Jalal Karimi, Yousef Gholampour, Yaser Mansoori, Zahra Montaseri

“…The considerable higher expression of ISR, ATV, and HEAL lncRNAs and the significant area under curve (AUC) in ROC curve demonstrate that these RNAs probably have a potential role in controlling the host innate immune responses and regulate the viral replication of SARS-CoV-2. However, these assumptions need further in vitro and in vivo investigations to be confirmed.…”
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Molecular-genetic pathways of hepatitis C virus regulation of the expression of cellular factors PREB and PLA2G4C, which play an important role in virus replication by E. L. Mishchenko, A. A. Makarova, E. A. Antropova, A. S. Venzel, T. V. Ivanisenko, P. S. Demenkov, V. A. Ivanisenko

“…Identifying the host factors, exploring their role in HCV RNA replication, and studying viral effects on their expression is essential for understanding the mechanisms of viral replication and developing novel, effective curative approaches. …”
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Antiviral Activity and Underlying Mechanism of <i>Moslae herba</i> Aqueous Extract for Treating SARS-CoV-2 by Yan Feng, Qiong Ge, Jian Gao, Zhuoying Wu, Yunyi Zhang, Haiyan Mao, Beibei Wu, Changping Xu

“…AEMH exerted anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects by inhibiting viral replication and reducing cell death caused by infection (IC₅₀ is 170 μg/mL for omicron strain). …”
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Immunologic and inflammatory consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its implications in renal disease by Hiam Naiditch, Michael R. Betts, H. Benjamin Larman, Moshe Levi, Avi Z. Rosenberg

“…Delayed transcription of Type I and Type III interferons by SARS-CoV-2 may lead to early disinhibition of viral replication. Cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), some of which may be produced through mechanisms involving nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), likely contribute to the hyperinflammatory state in patients with severe COVID-19. …”
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Lipid-encapsulated gold nanoparticles: an advanced strategy for attenuating the inflammatory response in SARS-CoV-2 infection by Sanjeevram Dhandapani, Yujeong Ha, Rongbo Wang, Tae Woo Kwon, Ik-Hyun Cho, Yeon-Ju Kim

“…The KGS-NE exhibited a dose-dependent suppression of HCoV-OC43 viral replication in Vero E6 cells. RNA sequencing analysis unveiled differentially expressed genes (DEGs) specifically involved in the ABC transporters signaling pathway. …”
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Evidence of Divergent Amino Acid Usage in Comparative Analyses of R5- and X4-Associated HIV-1 Vpr Sequences by Gregory C. Antell, Will Dampier, Benjamas Aiamkitsumrit, Michael R. Nonnemacher, Vanessa Pirrone, Wen Zhong, Katherine Kercher, Shendra Passic, Jean Williams, Yucheng Liu, Tony James, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Zsofia Szep, Brian Wigdahl, Fred C. Krebs

“…Vpr is an HIV-1 accessory protein that plays numerous roles during viral replication, and some of which are cell type dependent. …”
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Spectroscopic Characterization and Biological Effects of 1-Oxo-bisabolone-rich <i>Pulicaria burchardii</i> Hutch. subsp. <i>burchardii</i> Essential Oil Against Viruses, Bacteria,... by Giusy Castagliuolo, Federica Dell’Annunziata, Sara Pio, Michela Di Napoli, Alessia Troiano, Dario Antonini, Natale Badalamenti, Maurizio Bruno, Vincenzo Ilardi, Veronica Folliero, Mario Varcamonti, Gianluigi Franci, Anna Zanfardino

“…For antiviral activity, the EO was tested against several pathogenic viruses including SARS-CoV-2 and HSV-1, showing an effective broad-spectrum reduction in viral replication in vitro. This study demonstrated that <i>P. burchardii</i> essential oil had excellent antibacterial and antiviral capabilities. …”
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Identification of promising SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor through molecular docking, dynamics simulation, and ADMET analysis by Ganesh Sharma, Neeraj Kumar, Chandra Shekhar Sharma, Taha Alqahtani, Yewulsew Kebede Tiruneh, Sharifa Sultana, Gabriel Vinícius Rolim Silva, Gabriela de Lima Menezes, Magdi E. A. Zaki, Jonas Ivan Nobre Oliveira

“…Targeting the main protease of the virus (Mpro), which is essential for viral replication and transcription, offers a promising approach for therapeutic intervention. …”
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Discovery of anti-Ebola virus multi-target inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicine database using molecular screening, biophysical investigation, and binding free energy calcu... by Abbas Khan, Abrar Mohammad Sayaf, Anwar Mohammad, Fahad M. Alshabrmi, Tarek Benameur, Dong-Qing Wei, Kar Kheng Yeoh, Abdelali Agouni

“…Materials and methods: In this study, we employed in silico methods to assess the inhibitory activity of natural products from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) against four EBOV proteins that are crucial for viral replication and assembly: VP40, VP35, VP30, and VP24. …”
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Genomic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in Morocco: Insights from whole genome sequences collected from 2020 to 2024 by Hamza GHAMMAZ, Marouane MELLOUL, Ahlam MBARKI, Mouhssine HEMLALI, Taha CHOUATI, Hicham EL ANNAZ, Nadia TOUIL, Mostafa ELOUENNASS, Khalid ENNIBI, Elmostafa EL FAHIME

“…The correlation analysis between structural and non-structural proteins revealed key interactions between S and NSP5, providing insights into the viral replication and assembly processes. This work gives new insights to the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Morocco and underscores the importance of ongoing genomic surveillance to respond to emerging variants and potential future outbreaks.…”
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Coatomer complex I is required for the transport of SARS-CoV-2 progeny virions from the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment by Ai Hirabayashi, Yukiko Muramoto, Toru Takenaga, Yugo Tsunoda, Mayumi Wakazaki, Mayuko Sato, Yoko Fujita-Fujiharu, Norimichi Nomura, Koji Yamauchi, Chiho Onishi, Masahiro Nakano, Kiminori Toyooka, Takeshi Noda

“…While the expression levels of viral proteins within cells were comparable, this depletion significantly reduced the efficiency of virion release, leading to the significant reduction of viral replication. Hence, our findings suggest COPI as a critical player in facilitating the transport of SARS-CoV-2 progeny virions from the ERGIC. …”
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