Review of the Structural and Dynamic Mechanisms of PPARγ Partial Agonism by Alice J. Kroker, John B. Bruning

“…While endogenous ligands of PPARγ include fatty acids and eicosanoids, synthetic full agonists of the receptor, including members of the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class, have been widely prescribed for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Unfortunately, the use of full agonists has been hampered by harsh side effects with some removed from the market in many countries. …”
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Along for the Ride: Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma with Concomitant LECT2 Amyloidosis by Phoenix D. Bell, Aaron R. Huber, Tom C. DeRoche

“…We present a case of a 69-year-old Hispanic male with a past medical history of type II diabetes mellitus who presented with a two-month history of abdominal pain. …”
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Gender Differences in Metabolic Disorders and Related Diseases in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii-Leprfa Rats by Takeshi Ohta, Yoshiaki Katsuda, Katsuhiro Miyajima, Tomohiko Sasase, Shuichi Kimura, Bin Tong, Takahisa Yamada

“…The Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Leprfa (SDT fatty) rat is a novel type 2 diabetic model wherein both male and female rats develop glucose and lipid abnormalities from a young age. …”
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Tribbles 3 Regulates the Fibrosis Cytokine TGF-β1 through ERK1/2-MAPK Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Nephropathy by Luwei Zhang, Jinhang Zhang, Xinnong Liu, Shengli Liu, Jun Tian

“…To reveal the expression and possible role of tribbles homolog 3 (TRB3) in the incidence of type 2 diabetic nephropathy, we used immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative PCR, western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to study the expression of TRB3, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK1/2 MAPK), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and collagen type IV in kidneys of db/db diabetic mice and in murine renal mesangial cells stimulated with high glucose. …”
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The Role of PPARγ in the Transcriptional Control by Agonists and Antagonists by Tamotsu Tsukahara

“…In recent years, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has been reported to be a target for the treatment of type II diabetes. Furthermore, it has received attention for its therapeutic potential in many other human diseases, including atherosclerosis, obesity, and cancers. …”
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Risk Factors for Microvascular Complications of Diabetes in a High-Risk Middle East Population by Sohaila Cheema, Patrick Maisonneuve, Mahmoud Zirie, Amin Jayyousi, Hekmat Alrouh, Amit Abraham, Sura Al-Samraye, Ziyad Mahfoud, Ibrahim Mohammed Al-Janahi, Buthaina Ibrahim, Albert B. Lowenfels, Ravinder Mamtani

“…We collected information via a structured questionnaire and directly from the patient’s record on 1034 adult type 2 diabetic patients who were attending outpatient clinics in Qatar. …”
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A Molecular and Whole Body Insight of the Mechanisms Surrounding Glucose Disposal and Insulin Resistance with Hypoxic Treatment in Skeletal Muscle by R. W. A. Mackenzie, P. Watt

“…In addition, hypoxic exposure has been shown to improve glucose control in type 2 diabetics. The literature surrounding hypoxia-induced changes to glycemic control appears to be confusing and conflicting. …”
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Signaling Pathway Puts the Break on Fat Cell Formation by Ormond A. MacDougald

“…Unfortunately, excess fat or adipose tissue is associated with a wide array of health problems, including increased incidence of type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, sleep apnea, and skeletomuscular problems [4,5,6]. …”
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Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels Are Correlated with the Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy by Yuan Lin, Ye-cheng Xiao, Hong Zhu, Qing-yan Xu, Lei Qi, Yu-bin Wang, Xiu-juan Li, Ma-li Zheng, Rui-sheng Zhong, Yi Zhang, Xiang-dong Xu, Bo-le Wu, Zhu-mei Xu, Xiang-hong Lu

“…The aim of the study was to assess serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) concentrations in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients with and without retinopathy and to assess the association between FGF21 and the severity of retinopathy. 117 diabetic patients were compared with 68 healthy controls. …”
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Density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulation-based bioprospection of Agathosma betulina essential oil metabolites against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B for interve... by Oluwaseye Adedirin, Rukayat A. Abdulsalam, Khadeejah O. Nasir-Naeem, Ayenitaju A. Oke, Akolade O. Jubril, Saheed Sabiu

“…Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by elevated blood glucose due to impaired insulin secretion/sensitivity. …”
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Anti-diabetic effect of aloin via JNK-IRS1/PI3K pathways and regulation of gut microbiota by Ruting Zhong, Lanbin Chen, Yuanyuan Liu, Shouxia Xie, Sumei Li, Bin Liu, Chao Zhao

“…The insulin-resistant HepG2 (IR-HepG2) cell model and the type 2 diabetic (T2D) mouse model were successfully established using dexamethasone and a high-fat high-sucrose diet with low-dose streptozotocin, respectively. …”
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Regulation of Glial Cell Functions by PPAR-𝜸 Natural and Synthetic Agonists by Antonietta Bernardo, Luisa Minghetti

“…In the recent years, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-𝛾 (PPAR-𝛾), a well known target for type II diabetes treatment, has received an increasing attention for its therapeutic potential in inflammatory and degenerative brain disorders. …”
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The Association of Adiposity Indices and Plasma Vitamin D in Young Females in Saudi Arabia by Lubna Ibrahim Al Asoom

“…Some evidences indicate its association with metabolic syndrome, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. In the current study we aim to study the association of vitamin D level and indicators of adiposity in young Saudi females. …”
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Effect of Dietary Content of Menhaden Oil with or without Salsalate on Neuropathic Endpoints in High-Fat-Fed/Low-Dose Streptozotocin-Treated Sprague Dawley Rats by Eric P. Davidson, Lawrence J. Coppey, Hanna Shevalye, Alexander Obrosov, Mark A. Yorek

“…In this study, we wanted to extend our investigation of the efficacy of fish oil with or without salsalate on vascular and neural complications using a type 2 diabetic rat model. Four weeks after the onset of hyperglycemia, diabetic rats were treated via the diet with 3 different amounts of menhaden oil with or without salsalate for 12 weeks. …”
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Reducing oxidative stress and hepatoprotective effect of water extracts from Pu-erh tea on rats with high-fat diet by Jingjing Su, Xueqing Wang, Wenjun Song, Xiaoli Bai, Changwen Li

“…Meanwhile, the extracts could increase the production of hepatic glycogen and the activity of PK, and reduce glucose level, protecting the liver from the diseases associated with type II diabetes.…”
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Evaluation of the EndoPAT as a Tool to Assess Endothelial Function by M. Moerland, A. J. Kales, L. Schrier, M. G. J. van Dongen, D. Bradnock, J. Burggraaf

“…Endothelial function in renally impaired and type 2 diabetic patients was not decreased compared to healthy volunteers (2.9±1.4 and 1.8±0.3, resp., versus 1.8±0.5, P>0.05). …”
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Influence of Duodenal–Jejunal Implantation on Glucose Dynamics: A Pilot Study Using Different Nonlinear Methods by David Cuesta-Frau, Daniel Novák, Vacláv Burda, Daniel Abasolo, Tricia Adjei, Manuel Varela, Borja Vargas, Milos Mraz, Petra Kavalkova, Marek Benes, Martin Haluzik

“…We hypothesized that DJBL also influences the glucose dynamics in type II diabetes, based on the induced changes already demonstrated in other physiological characteristics and parameters. …”
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Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression in Apical Periodontitis from Diabetic Patients by Estéfano Borgo Sarmento, Rosana Helena Teixeira de Lima Ribeiro Andrade, Cinthya Cristina Gomes, Fábio Ramôa Pires, Maria Isabel Bastos Valente, Adalgiza Mafra Moreno, Marco Orsini, Dennis Carvalho Ferreira, Lucio Souza Gonçalves, Luciana Armada

“…Therefore, this study evaluated the immunoexpression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-17 in apical periodontitis from type 2 diabetic patients through immunohistochemistry. …”
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Atypical Presentation of Disseminated Zoster in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis by Nirav Patel, Davinder Singh, Krunal Patel, Shadab Ahmed, Prachi Anand

“…Comorbidities include hypertension, type II diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Patient was on methotrexate 12.5 mg and was not receiving any corticosteroids, anti-TNF therapy, or other biological agents. …”
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Insulin Therapy in Diabetic Hyperglycemic Emergencies by Diana Machado Ramírez, Manuel Licea Puig

“…<br /><strong>Results:</strong> diabetic ketoacidosis occurred in 57.5 % of the type 1 diabetic patients and in the 42.5 % of the type 2 diabetics. None of the type 1 diabetics developed hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic state and this complication was observed in 23.0 % of the patients with diabetes type 2. …”
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