Flavouring group evaluation 418 (FGE. 418): 3‐[3‐(2‐isopropyl‐5‐methyl‐cyclohexyl)‐ureido]‐butyric acid ethyl ester by EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF), Laurence Castle, Monica Andreassen, Gabriele Aquilina, Maria Bastos, Polly Boon, Biagio Fallico, Reginald FitzGerald, Maria Jose Frutos Fernandez, Bettina Grasl‐Kraupp, Ursula Gundert‐Remy, Rainer Gürtler, Eric Houdeau, Marcin Kurek, Henriqueta Louro, Patricia Morales, Sabina Passamonti, Romualdo Benigni, Kevin Chipman, Eugenia Cordelli, Gisela Degen, Karl‐Heinz Engel, Paul Fowler, Maria Carfí, Gabriele Gagliardi, Agnieszka Mech, Salvatore Multari, Carla Martino

“…In a prenatal developmental toxicity study, no maternal or fetal toxicity was observed in rats dosed up to 1000 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day. …”
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Safety of a change of specifications of phytosterols/phytostanols as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 by EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA), Dominique Turck, Torsten Bohn, Montaña Cámara, Jacqueline Castenmiller, Stefaan De Henauw, Karen Ildico Hirsch‐Ernst, Ángeles Jos, Alexandre Maciuk, Inge Mangelsdorf, Breige McNulty, Androniki Naska, Kristina Pentieva, Alfonso Siani, Frank Thies, Margarita Aguilera‐Gómez, Francesco Cubadda, Thomas Frenzel, Marina Heinonen, Monika Neuhäuser‐Berthold, Helle Katrine Knutsen, Morten Poulsen, Miguel Prieto Maradona, Josef Rudolf Schlatter, Alexandros Siskos, Henk vanLoveren, Wolfgang Gelbmann, Harry J. McArdle

“…No evidence was found from the literature for the genotoxicity, subchronic toxicity, chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity, and reproductive toxicity of four phytosterols which have been identified by the applicant in the NF when produced from sunflower oil. …”
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Kinomic profiling to predict sunitinib response of patients with metastasized clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma by Jeannette C. Oosterwijk-Wakka, Liesbeth Houkes, Loes F.M. van der Zanden, Lambertus A.L.M. Kiemeney, Kerstin Junker, Anne Y Warren, Tim Eisen, Ulrich Jaehde, Marius T Radu, Rob Ruijtenbeek, Egbert Oosterwijk

“…With modest OS improvement and variable response and toxicity predictive and/or prognostic biomarkers are needed to personalize patient management: Prediction of individual TKI therapy response and resistance will increase successful treatment outcome while reducing unnecessary drug use and expense. …”
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Pancreatic Cancer: What the Oncologist Can Offer for Palliation by Malcolm J Moore

“…This drug is more effective than 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), can be used in patients who fail to respond to 5-FU and has only modest toxicity. Combination therapies including gemcitabine and other agents are being tested. …”
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Antifungal Activity of Coumarin Mammeisin Isolated from Species of the Kielmeyera Genre (Family: Clusiaceae or Guttiferae) by Helcio Cassemiro Marcondes, Tânia T. de Oliveira, Jason G. Taylor, Moisés Hamoy, Arman do Leonel Neto, Vanessa Joia de Mello, Tanus J. Nagem

“…Coumarin mammeisin isolated from Kielmeyera elata was evaluated for its toxicity and antifungal activities. The toxicity of mammeisin was investigated by utilizing the Artemia salina methodology to determine its LD50 value. …”
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Multisystemic Side Effects of an Indispensable Old Drug: A Case Report of Chronic Lithium Use (A Patient with Multiple Side Effects of Lithium) by Levent Demirtas, Emin Murat Akbas, Husnu Degirmenci, Ali Gurel, Eren Duzgun

“…Health care professionals should keep in mind that lithium-related side effects might trigger or exacerbate each other. To avoid toxicity, close follow-up and clinical supervision are important for the early diagnosis and treatment of these side effects, due to the narrow therapeutic index and obscure clinical signs and symptoms of toxicity.…”
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Protective Role of Catechin and Quercetin in Sodium Benzoate-Induced Lipid Peroxidation and the Antioxidant System in Human Erythrocytes In Vitro by Gamze Yetuk, Dilek Pandir, Hatice Bas

“…Catechin or quercetin protected the erythrocytes against SB-induced toxicity only at low concentrations of SB. The presence of catechin or quercetin at 10 μM have no effect on SB-induced toxicity at high concentrations of SB (50 and 100 μg/mL). …”
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αSynuclein and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Pathogenic Partnership in Parkinson’s Disease? by David Protter, Charmaine Lang, Antony A. Cooper

“…Amplifying cycles of mitochondrial dysfunction and αSynuclein toxicity can be envisaged, with either being the disease-initiating factor yet acting together during disease progression. …”
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Changing Management of Clinical Low-Stage Testicular Cancer by Timothy Gilligan

“…In addition, growing concern about radiation-induced cancers and other late toxicity has dulled enthusiasm for radiotherapy as a treatment for stage I seminomas. …”
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Zeaxanthin: Review of Toxicological Data and Acceptable Daily Intake by James A. Edwards

“…Subchronic OECD guideline studies with mice and rats receiving beadlet formulations of high purity synthetic zeaxanthin in the diet at dosages up to 1000 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day, and in dogs at over 400 mg/kg bw/day, produced no adverse effects or histopathological changes. In developmental toxicity studies, there was no evidence of fetal toxicity or teratogenicity in rats or rabbits at dosages up to 1000 or 400 mg/kg bw/day, respectively. …”
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Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Tropical Freshwater and Marine Microalgae by Thanh-Luu Pham

“…The results suggested that AgNPs presented different toxicity mechanisms for microalgae and showed to be more toxic in freshwater than in marine environment. …”
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Lipid - Lowering Effect of a Mixture of Allium cepa bulb and Camellia sinensis Leaf Extracts in Rats fed on High fat Diet by R, Kimanje K, K, Ssekatawa, M, . Tirwomwe, Hellen, W. Kinyi

“…It reduced body weight, total cholesterol, triacylglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and increased HDL, and in addition it had no toxicity to the liver of the animal models used. It has thus been recommended as a potential therapy for hyperlipidemia and its associated complication of liver toxicity. …”
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Oxidative stress caused by 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol provokes intestinal stem cell hyperproliferation and the protective role of quercetin by Zongzhong Liu, Yanfei He, Yuhan Wang, Kefeng Ren, Pengpeng Xia, Binbin Xie, Tian Wei

“…Recently, the contaminant 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) found in food and the environment has garnered significant global attention due to its detrimental health effects on animals, including reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. However, the specific impacts and mechanisms of 3-MCPD on intestinal health remain elusive. …”
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Transcriptome analysis unveils the mechanisms of oxidative stress, immunotoxicity and neurotoxicity induced by benzotriazole UV stabilizer-328 in zebrafish embryos by Xinlu Yang, Yijing Gan, Menghuan Zhang, Shaolin Xie, Mingfu Lin, Lixiang Zhong, Mengke Song, Jun Wang, Yumei Huang

“…As an emerging pollutant, ultraviolet stabilizer-328 (UV-328) has been frequently detected in aquatic environments and attracted great attention. Nevertheless, the toxicity and mechanisms of UV-328 to aquatic organisms are still not fully understood. …”
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Novel organophosphate esters and their transformation products in offshore sediment from Eastern China: Occurrence, temporal trend, and risk assessment by Meng Gao, Yu Wang, Liman Wei, Siyuan Li, Qiuyue Zhang, Zhongkang Yang, Mohan Bai, Yiming Yao, Lei Wang, Hongwen Sun

“…Generally, the acute toxicity-based predicted no-effect concentrations for studied compounds were 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower than those based on chronic toxicity. …”
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Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant Activity, Antimicrobial Activity, and Cytotoxicity of Chaptalia nutans Leaves by Letiele Bruck de Souza, Amanda Leitão Gindri, Thainara de Andrade Fortes, Thais Felli Kubiça, Jefferson Enderle, Rafael Roehrs, Sidnei Moura e Silva, Vanusa Manfredini, Elton Luís Gasparotto Denardin

“…TBARS, carbonyl protein, and DCFH demonstrate that the extract has the ability to protect the cell from protein and lipid damage, as well as the inhibition of oxygen-derived radicals at the three concentrations tested: 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/mL. Regarding the toxicity of C. nutans extract against D. melanogaster, it was found that until the concentration of 15 mg/mL, the extract showed no toxicity and that the LC50 obtained was 24 mg/mL. …”
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Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction as a Promising Technique for Fast Separation of Metallic Nanoparticles and Their Ionic Species: A Review of Recent Advances by Ingrid Hagarová

“…However, nanoparticles and their ionic species can coexist and their toxicity may differ; therefore, novel analytical approaches are necessary to monitor not only the nanoparticles but also their ionic species. …”
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Bioactivity of Powder and Extracts from Garlic, Allium sativum L. (Alliaceae) and Spring Onion, Allium fistulosum L. (Alliaceae) against Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Br... by Abiodun A. Denloye

“…On the basis of 48 hr median lethal toxicity (LC50), test plant powders and extracts from A. sativum were more toxic to C. maculatus adults than those from A. fistulosum. …”
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Molecular Docking, Dynamics Simulations, ADMET, and DFT Calculations: Combined In Silico Approach to Screen Natural Inhibitors of 3CL and PL Proteases of SARS-CoV-2 by Sugumar Mohanasundaram, Porkodi Karthikeyan, Venkatesan Sampath, M. Anbazhagan, Sundramurthy Venkatesa Prabhu, Jamal M. Khaled, Muthu Thiruvengadam

“…There is no significant toxicity identified.…”
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Exposure of cerebellar granule cells to nanosilver: Oxidative stress parameters and the protective effect of exogenous glutathione by Lidia Struzynska, Beata Toczylowska, Beata Dabrowska-Bouta, Elzbieta Zieminska

“…Due to the risk of environmental hazards, the mechanisms of AgNPs toxicity should be thoroughly investigated to deepen our understanding of the potential negative impact on human health. …”
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