Growth Promotion of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Seedlings Using Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Isolated from Northwest Ethiopia by Zewdu Teshome Awlachew, Gebeyehu Yibeltie Mengistie

“…Pots were laid down in a complete random design and 100 ml of spore and Cyanobacteria suspension were poured on the soil surface surrounding each seedling. …”
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Production of aflatoxin on rice by Ömer Demet, Halis Oğuz, İlhami Çelik, Ferhan Nizamlıoğlu

“…After sporufation of Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 strain in the tubes containing Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA), the spores were removed by washings with 0.005 % Triton X-100 {Merck) and an enriched suspension of spores were obtained. …”
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Quantitative Determination of Germinability of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Urediospores Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy Technology by Yaqiong Zhao, Feng Qin, Pei Cheng, Xiaolong Li, Zhanhong Ma, Longlian Zhao, Junhui Li, Haiguang Wang

“…The near infrared spectra of the urediospore samples were acquired using FT-NIR MPA spectrometer and the germination rate of each sample was measured using traditional spore germination method. The best QPLS model was obtained with vector correction as the preprocessing method of the original spectra and 4000–12000 cm−1 as the modeling spectral region while the modeling ratio of the training set to the testing set was 4 : 1. …”
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Phytopathological screening and molecular marker analysis of wheat germplasm from Kazakhstan and CIMMYT for resistance to tan spot by A. M. Kokhmetova, M. N. Atishova, M. T. Kumarbayeva, I. N. Leonova

“…Of particular interest are 27 wheat accessions that demonstrated resistance to spore inoculation by Ptr race 1, were characterized by insensitivity to ToxA and showed field resistance to the pathogen. …”
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The anti-sigma factor TcdC modulates hypervirulence in an epidemic BI/NAP1/027 clinical isolate of Clostridium difficile. by Glen P Carter, Gillian R Douce, Revathi Govind, Pauline M Howarth, Kate E Mackin, Janice Spencer, Anthony M Buckley, Ana Antunes, Despina Kotsanas, Grant A Jenkin, Bruno Dupuy, Julian I Rood, Dena Lyras

“…It has recently become apparent that the spore-forming bacterium Clostridium difficile also falls within this category. …”
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Molecular phylogeny of Cytospora species associated with canker diseases of fruit and nut crops in California, with the descriptions of ten new species and one new combination by Daniel P. Lawrence, Leslie A. Holland, Mohamed T. Nouri, Renaud Travadon, Ara Abramians, Themis J. Michailides, Florent P. Trouillas

“…In most cases a morphological species concept could not be applied due to the plasticity of characters and significant overlap of morphological features such as spore dimensions and fruiting body characters. In this study, we employed a molecular phylogenetic framework with the inclusion of four nuclear loci (ITS, translation elongation factor 1-alpha, actin, and beta-tubulin) to unveil the biodiversity and taxonomy of this understudied important genus of plant pathogens. …”
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Some Results on Study of The Oroshayemoye Site in the Steppe Zone of the Volga Region by Aleksander A. Vybornov, Filat F. Gilyazov, Natalia S. Doga, Marianna A. Kulkova, Aleksander I. Yudin

“…The reconstruction of paleogeographical conditions of population development in the Later Stone Age and Eneolithic was provided by the spore-pollen and geochemical analysis. Archaeozoological analysis helped to determine the animal species for each period. …”
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Scale-Up of Tailor-Made Onsite Enzyme Blend From Cassava Peels for Industrial Bioethanol Production by Martison Budu, Patrick Boakye, Joseph A. Bentil

“…Tailor-made enzyme blends were produced with the A. niger using various substrate concentrations (1%, 3%, 5%, 8%, and 10%) of milled cassava peels at periods of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days with a spore concentration of 2.1 × 105 cells/mL. The amylolytic and cellulolytic activities were determined as 4.759 U/mL and 4.265 U/mL, respectively, at 5% and 6-day optimal conditions. …”
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Investigations on the Antifungal Effect of Nerol against Aspergillus flavus Causing Food Spoilage by Jun Tian, Xiaobin Zeng, Hong Zeng, Zhaozhong Feng, Xiangmin Miao, Xue Peng

“…The NEL also had an evident inhibitory effect on spore germination in A. flavus along with NEL concentration as well as time-dependent kinetic inhibition. …”
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Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in unpasteurized dairy products in west of Iran by Soheila Mohammadkhanifard, Amin Jaydari, Ehsan Rashidian, Nemat Shams, Peyman Khademi

“…These findings suggest that the contamination of dairy products with C. burnetii is likely due to the bacterium's ‘spore-like’ form and the lack of pasteurization in the traditional production of yogurt and cheese. …”
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Method of obtaining and storing hyperimmune anthrax serum by S. V. Ivanova, L. A. Melnikova, A. P. Rodionov, V. V. Evstifeev

“…Anthrax is a highly dangerous disease of animals and humans caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Currently, the disease is widespread in many countries of the world. …”
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Optimization of Protease and Amylase Production by Rhizopus oryzae Cultivated on Bread Waste Using Solid-State Fermentation by Olfa Benabda, Sana M’hir, Mariam Kasmi, Wissem Mnif, Moktar Hamdi

“…The main results showed that the highest levels of enzyme production were obtained at 120 h, 65% relative humidity, height media of 1 cm, 105 spore/g, and M-9 solution (g/L): NaH2PO4, 12.8; KH2PO4, 3; NaCl, 0.5; NH4Cl, 1; MgSO4 7H2O, 0.5; CaCl2 2H2O, 0.01. α-Amylase (100 U/g) and protease (2400 U/g) produced by SSF from Rhizopus oryzae (CH4) on BW as substrate are of great interest in industries and could be valorized as enhancers of the bread making process.…”
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Pollen of <i>Pterocarya</i> (Juglandaceae) representatives from natural habitats and St. Petersburg environments by O. A. Gavrilova, G. A. Firsov, D. A. Gornov, A. N. Semenov, A. V. Volchanskaya

“…The Pterocarya pollen is well distinguishable from other wind-pollinated taxa; however, species identification by pollen for spore-pollen analysis is not practicable. Morphologically, the most diverse are the grains of the low fertile specimen P. fraxinifolia. …”
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The effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species (Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices, and Claroideoglomus etunicatum) in the biocontrol of root and crown rot... by Ayşin Bilgili

“…Analysis of variance (ANOVA)-Tukey statistics revealed that the effects of AMF inoculations on morphological parameters, disease severity, root colonization, and total spore numbers in pathogen-infected plants varied significantly depending on the AMF species and pathogen group. …”
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Production and Biochemical, Phytochemical, Sensory, and Microbiological Characterization of “Bili-Bili” and “Cochette,” Two Traditional Beers Produced from Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor... by James Ronald Bayoï, Benedicte Musette Danla

“…No pathogen was detected, but the presence of total aerobic bacteria, fungi, coliforms, and aerobic spore-forming bacteria flora above the recommended limits made both beers unsafe and potentially harmful for consumers. …”
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The genus Entomophthora: bringing the insect destroyers into the twenty-first century by Carolyn Elya, Henrik H. De Fine Licht

“…We briefly review the discovery of Entomophthora and provide a summary of the 21 recognized Entomophthora species, including their type hosts, methods of transmission (ejection of spores after or before host death), and for which molecular data are available. …”
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Isolation, characterization and control of Botrytis spp. pathogenic on strawberry in Iran by Fatemeh Maghsoodi, Parissa Taheri, Saeed Tarighi

“…Also, the EO at all concentrations tested strongly inhibited spore germination of B. cinerea and B. pelargonii. …”
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Fermentation optimization and pilot production of Bacillus subtilis ZY1 producing CpxP by Rongrong DONG, Huan ZHANG, Xinran YU, Hao LIU, Xiaohui ZHOU

“…During the pilot production process of the microecological bactericides based on 5 t fermentation tank system with 10% inoculated quantity, the count of viable ZY1bacteria reaches 1.05×1011 CFU/mL, which is 100 times higher than that after shaker optimization. When the spore rate reaches 90% at the end of fermentation, 1 012 kg bactericides are prepared by spray drying, and the count of viable bactericide is 8.5×109 CFU/g. …”
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Legume-derived phenolic acids influence Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. strigae compatibility and biocontrol potential in a Striga push–pull system by Mekuria Wolde Assena, Jochen Schöne, Frank Rasche

“…Effects of selected phenolic acids and crude root exudates from three legume species (Mucuna pruriens, Desmodium uncinatum, Crotalaria juncea) on FOS mycelial growth and spore germination were studied. Bioassays showed that most phenolic acids (e.g., caffeic, p-hydroxybenzoic, syringic) had no effect on FOS development, except for piperonylic (80 %, 38 %) and t-cinnamic (53 %, 33 %) acids, which strongly inhibited growth at concentrations of 1 and 0.5 mM, respectively. …”
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Effect of Microwave Treatment on Microbial Contamination of Honeys and on Their Physicochemical and Thermal Properties by Paz Moliné María de la, Fernández Natalia Jorgelina, Medici Sandra Karina, Fasce Diana, Gende Liesel Brenda

“…The major microbial contaminants include moulds and yeasts, as well as the spore-forming bacteria, being their counts indicative of honeys’ commercial quality and safety. …”
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