Fungivorous butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): A rare record of feeding behavior by Gilcélia Melo Lourido, Adrya da Silva Figueiredo, Paulo Eduardo Guzzo Coutinho, Raymê dos Santos Carvalho, Kelve Franklimara Sousa Cézar

“…The rarity of mycophagy events involving Lepidoptera adults, as observed twice here, suggests a potential for the dispersal of fungal spores and underscores the need for more studies to further explore the relationship between these taxonomic groups.…”
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Preventing Foodborne Illness: Clostridium botulinum by Keith R. Schneider, Rachael Silverberg, Alexandra Chang, Renée M. Goodrich-Schneider

“… Clostridium botulinum is ubiquitous in nature, often found in soil and water. The bacteria and spores alone do not cause disease, but they produce the botulinum toxin that causes botulism, a serious paralytic condition that can lead to death. …”
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Preventing Foodborne Illness: Clostridium botulinum by Keith R. Schneider, Rachael Silverberg, Alexandra Chang, Renée M. Goodrich-Schneider

“… Clostridium botulinum is ubiquitous in nature, often found in soil and water. The bacteria and spores alone do not cause disease, but they produce the botulinum toxin that causes botulism, a serious paralytic condition that can lead to death. …”
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A Review of the Mechanism of Injury and Treatment Approaches for Illness Resulting from Exposure to Water-Damaged Buildings, Mold, and Mycotoxins by Janette Hope

“…Illness results from a combination of factors present in water-damaged indoor environments including, mold spores and hyphal fragments, mycotoxins, bacteria, bacterial endotoxins, and cell wall components as well as other factors. …”
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Management of Cucurbit Downy Mildew in Florida by Mason J. Newark, Matthews L. Paret, Nicholas S. Dufault, Pamela D. Roberts, Shouan Zhang, Gary E. Vallad, Joshua H. Freeman, Eugene McAvoy

“…The classic sign of the disease is the presence of dark sporangia, a structure that holds developing spores, on the underside of infected leaves. As the disease progresses, it may lead to large necrotic areas that cause defoliation and a reduction of yield and marketable fruit. …”
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From Microorganisms to Biosignatures: Subcritical Water Extraction as a Sample Preparation Technique for Future Life Detection Missions by Zuzana Cieslarova, Aaron C. Noell, Peter A. Willis, Maria F. Mora

“…This work demonstrates for the first time that SCWE (200°C for 30 min) can release amino acids from bacterial cells and spores, while maintaining their native distributions and enantiomeric excess.…”
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Management of Cucurbit Downy Mildew in Florida by Mason J. Newark, Matthews L. Paret, Nicholas S. Dufault, Pamela D. Roberts, Shouan Zhang, Gary E. Vallad, Joshua H. Freeman, Eugene McAvoy

“…The classic sign of the disease is the presence of dark sporangia, a structure that holds developing spores, on the underside of infected leaves. As the disease progresses, it may lead to large necrotic areas that cause defoliation and a reduction of yield and marketable fruit. …”
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Simultaneous Chronic Invasive Fungal Infection and Tracheal Fungus Ball Mimicking Cancer in an Immunocompetent Patient by Erdoğan Çetinkaya, Mustafa Çörtük, Şule Gül, Ali Mert, Hilal Boyacı, Ertan Çam, H. Erhan Dincer

“…Aspergillus species (spp.) are saprophytes molds that exist in nature as spores and rarely cause disease in immunocompetent individuals. …”
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Molecular Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with the Rhizosphere of <i>Vachellia seyal</i> Del. from Selected Saline Soils in Senegal by Anicet Georges Bruno Manga, Godar Sene, André Amakobo Diatta, Tahir Abdoulaye Diop, Gérard Barroso, Diederik van Tuinen

“…After DNA extraction, nested PCR, and sequencing of the large subunit region of the rRNA gene, different phylotypes from rhizospheric soils, roots, and spores were compared by phylogeny in order to investigate the role of salinity in arbuscular fungal diversity. …”
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Phylogeny of Geoglossomycetes with species diversity in China by Hongli Su, Kevin D. Hyde, Qing Cai, Wenyan Chen, Fatimah Al-Otibi, K.W. Thilini Chethana, Zhu L. Yang, Qi Zhao

“…The class is characterised by tongue-shaped to clavate, stipitate, black ascomata covered with or without black setae, a swollen ascigerous portion, a cylindric stipe, filiform, septate paraphyses, cylindrical-clavate, 4–8-spored asci, and filiform or falciform, multi-septate, dark brown to hyaline ascospores. …”
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Polyphasic taxonomy of Aspergillus section Sparsi by J. Varga, J.C. Frisvad, R.A. Samson

“…The recently described A. quitensis and A. ecuadorensis are synonyms of A. amazonicus based on both molecular and physiological data. The white-spored species A. implicatus has also been found to belong to this section. …”
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“Helt Texas, Morgan Kane!”: Notes on the Pedagogies of Finding, Documenting, and Teaching the American West in Norwegian Backyards by Stefan Rabitsch

“…American studies students were tasked with locating and retrieving traces/echoes/spores of the American West in their proverbial backyards. …”
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Peach Scab by Daniel Mancero-Castillo, Ali Sarkhosh, Mercy Olmstead, Philip Harmon

“…Peach scab is typical during periods of humid weather because rain splashes the conidia (asexual spores) from the fungus between leaves, twigs, and fruit in the tree canopy, which spreads the disease. …”
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Peach Scab by Daniel Mancero-Castillo, Ali Sarkhosh, Mercy Olmstead, Philip Harmon

“…Peach scab is typical during periods of humid weather because rain splashes the conidia (asexual spores) from the fungus between leaves, twigs, and fruit in the tree canopy, which spreads the disease. …”
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Peach Rust (Transchelia spp.) by Daniel Mancero-Castillo, Ali Sarkhosh, Courtney Ligon, Mercy A. Olmstead, Philip F. Harmon

“…Fungus rust is spread by airborne spores, which depend on moisture for infection. Where warm temperatures and high rainfalls usually result in severe peach rust infections. …”
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Inhibitory Effects of Litsea cubeba Oil and Its Active Components on Aspergillus flavus by Shiqi Xia, Hong Lin, Peilin Zhu, Peiling Wang, Shengliang Liao, Shangxing Chen, Zongde Wang, Guorong Fan

“…Moreover, citral altered the morphology of fungal spores and mycelium. In addition, citral also has the inhibitory effects on the isolates of A. flavus from moldy traditional Chinese medicinal materials. …”
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Peach Rust (Transchelia spp.) by Daniel Mancero-Castillo, Ali Sarkhosh, Courtney Ligon, Mercy A. Olmstead, Philip F. Harmon

“…Fungus rust is spread by airborne spores, which depend on moisture for infection. Where warm temperatures and high rainfalls usually result in severe peach rust infections. …”
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Genome sequence of Streptomyces antioxidans MUSC 164T isolated from mangrove forest by Hooi-Leng Ser, Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib, Wai-Fong Yin, Bey-Hing Goh, Learn-Han Lee, Kok-Gan Chan

“…Having a complicated development life cycle with the ability to form spores, 27 Streptomyces species are ubiquitous in nature and can be found in interesting places like deep 28 sea, hot springs and also mangrove forest[3-11]. …”
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Interaction between Trichoderma asperellum and Bacillus spp. in the biological control of disease in the soya bean by Adeliane Ferreira Braga, Leonardo de Castro Santos, Suellen Polyana da Silva Cunha Mendes, Francielly Abrenhosa Pires, Alaerson Maia Geraldine, Weder Nunes Ferreira Junior

“…Considering the number of viable spores, the interaction between B. subtilis + T. asperellum showed better results than B. methylotrophicus + T. asperellum. …”
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Virulence Factors of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile Linked to Recurrent Infections by Laura Tijerina-Rodríguez, Licet Villarreal-Treviño, Rayo Morfín-Otero, Adrián Camacho-Ortíz, E. Garza-González

“…Finally, biofilm confers to C. difficile protection from antibiotics and acts as a reservoir for spores that allow the persistence of the infection in the host. …”
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