Critical assessment of uncertainty in economic evaluations on influenza vaccines for the elderly population in Spain by Raúl Ortiz-de-Lejarazu Leonardo, Javier Díez Domingo, Ángel Gil de Miguel, Federico Martinón Torres, Esther Redondo Margüello, Juan Luis López-Belmonte Claver, Paloma I. Palomo-Jiménez, J. Manel Farré Avellà, José María Abellán Perpiñán

“…Overall, they were designed and performed in accordance with the applicable guidelines; however, some critical sources of uncertainty were detected, mainly: (1) the choice and use of efficacy/effectiveness data (real-world single season studies, meta-analyses including studies with high risk of bias and/or high heterogeneity with biased interpretation); (2) use of fewer than 5 seasons to estimate influenza burden; (3) generalized use of influenza-like illness data to estimate effectiveness and burden, among others. …”
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Incentivizing Demand-Side Response Through Discount Scheduling Using Hybrid Quantum Optimization by David Bucher, Jonas Nuslein, Corey O'Meara, Ivan Angelov, Benedikt Wimmer, Kumar Ghosh, Giorgio Cortiana, Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

“…Using synthetic data generated from real-world data, we observe that the classical decomposition method obtains the best overall solution quality for problem sizes up to 3200 consumers; however, the hybrid quantum approach provides more evenly distributed discounts across consumers.…”
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A Review of Sustainable Water Practices: Teaching High School Students to Manage and Purify Water for Daily Needs by Wisnu Prayogo, Muhammad Faris Ihsan, Fajriharish Nur Awan, Nurul Mawaddah, Zhilli Izzadati Khairuni, Harry Wibowo, Liana Atika, Trimailuzi, Naufal Tinov, Sarra Rahmadani, Fatimah Maulida, Mena Fadillia Lukman

“…In addition to theoretical knowledge, students engage in fieldwork and laboratory experiments, where they test and treat local water sources, gaining practical experience with real-world water challenges. By the end of the program, students are equipped with the knowledge and skills to identify safe water sources and apply basic treatment methods for daily use, such as drinking, cooking, bathing, and sanitation. …”
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STFCropNet: A Spatiotemporal Fusion Network for Crop Classification in Multiresolution Remote Sensing Images by Wei Wu, Yapeng Liu, Kun Li, Haiping Yang, Liao Yang, Zuohui Chen

“…These unimodal methods often encounter challenges posed by noise interference in real-world scenarios, and may struggle to discriminate between crops with similar spectral signatures, thereby leading to misclassification over extensive areas. …”
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Enhance health evidence quality in classification tasks: A triangulation approach utilizing case-based reasoning and process features by Ruihua Guo, Ross Smith, Qifan Chen, Angus Ritchie, Simon Poon

“…Unlike clinical trials, real-world data used in ML are often gathered for multiple purposes, leading to bias and missing information for a specific classification task. …”
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Research on power plant security issues monitoring and fault detection using attention based LSTM model by Shengda Wang, Zeng Dou, Danni Liu, Han Xu, Ji Du

“…For the purpose of evaluating the proposed method, a real-world solar energy dataset is used. Results The findings acquired from this evaluation are compared to the results received from existing detection approaches such as Cryptography, Intrusion Detection System (IDS) methods, and Network Defense Schemes. …”
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Presenting a model for solving lot-streaming hybrid flow shop scheduling problem by considering independent setup time and transportation time by Roja Ruhbakhsh, Esmaeil Mehdizadeh, Mohammad Amin Adibi

“…But important assumptions that exist in the real-world scheduling environment are always ignored. …”
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Pavement Disease Visual Detection by Structure Perception and Feature Attention Network by Bin Lv, Shuo Zhang, Haixia Gong, Hongbo Zhang, Bin Dong, Jianzhu Wang, Cong Du, Jianqing Wu

“…Experimental results on real-world pavement disease images show that the mAP@0.5 of the proposed SPFAN increases from 66.2% to 71.2%, an improvement of 7.55%, while the F1-score also increases by 9.03%, compared to the baseline YOLOv8n model. …”
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A rapid method for calculating short-circuit currents in distribution networks with high renewable energy penetration by Rongqi Fan, Yuanlong Liu, Lei Ding, Qiang Huang, Wei Cong, Yudun Li, Guobing Song, Zhui Wei, Lingyan Sun, Jifeng Wen, anning Wang

“…The results from both the software simulation and real-world experiment demonstrate that the proposed short-circuit current calculation method offers high accuracy, and can satisfy the required accuracy for protection settings.…”
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Adaptability assessment of the whitecap statistical physics model with cruise observations under high sea states by Yongfang Shi, Yongfang Shi, Yongzeng Yang, Yongzeng Yang, Jinpeng Qi, Jinpeng Qi, Haili Wang

“…The findings suggest that the WSPM is highly effective in capturing the dynamics of whitecap coverage across a range of high sea states, providing a detailed and robust reference for its application in real-world scenarios. Further research is needed to address the sources of error and improve the model's accuracy under complex sea conditions.…”
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Micro-Expression Recognition Using Convolutional Variational Attention Transformer (ConVAT) With Multihead Attention Mechanism by Hafiz Khizer Bin Talib, Kaiwei Xu, Yanlong Cao, Yuan Ping Xu, Zhijie Xu, Muhammad Zaman, Adnan Akhunzada

“…These outcomes not only surpass current state-of-the-art benchmarks but also highlight ConVAT’s robustness and reliability in capturing micro-expressions, marking a significant advancement toward developing sophisticated automated systems for real-world applications in micro-expression recognition.…”
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A wave-resolving two-dimensional vertical Lagrangian approach to model microplastic transport in nearshore waters based on TrackMPD 3.0 by I. Jalón-Rojas, D. Sous, D. Sous, V. Marieu

“…This research establishes the SWASH–TrackMPD approach as a valuable tool, opening avenues for future studies to contextualize laboratory findings within the complexities of real-world nearshore environments and further refine our comprehension of microplastic dynamics across different beaches and wave-climate conditions.…”
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Immune checkpoint inhibitors-related thyroid dysfunction: influencing factor analysis, prediction model development, and management strategy proposal by Xinya Li, Zaiwei Song, Yixuan Chen, Jingjing Wu, Dan Jiang, Zhen Zhang, Zeyuan Wang, Rongsheng Zhao

“…Subsequently, prediction models for ICI-TD were developed utilizing 11 algorithms based on the real-world cohort data from July 20, 2018 (the approval date of the first ICIs, Pembrolizumab in China), to October 31, 2022. …”
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Estimating whole-body centre of mass sway during quiet standing with inertial measurement units. by Liam H Foulger, Emma R Reiter, Calvin Kuo, Mark G Carpenter, Jean-Sébastien Blouin

“…Although typically performed in laboratory settings, the growing availability of low-cost inertial measurement units (IMUs) allows the assessment of balance in the real world. However, it is unclear how many IMUs are required to adequately estimate linear displacements of the centre of mass (CoM) at stance widths associated with daily activities. …”
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PermGuard: A Scalable Framework for Android Malware Detection Using Permission-to-Exploitation Mapping by Arvind Prasad, Shalini Chandra, Mueen Uddin, Taher Al-Shehari, Nasser A. Alsadhan, Syed Sajid Ullah

“…Designed for scalability, PermGuard can handle large and continuously growing datasets, making it suitable for real-world applications. Empirical results indicate that the model achieved an accuracy of 0.9933 on real datasets and 0.9828 on synthetic datasets, demonstrating strong resilience against both real and adversarial attacks.…”
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Quasi‐Static Closed‐Loop Wind‐Farm Control for Combined Power and Fatigue Optimization by Ishaan Sood, Christophe del Fosse et d'Espierres, Johan Meyers

“…A case study is also performed, which showcases real‐world applications for the developed closed‐loop controller and the load LUT, in which the closed‐loop controller is shown to react to scenarios with turbine operation shutdown, optimizing the yaw angles online to maximize performance for the new layout.…”
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Expected annual minima from an idealized moving-average drought index by J. H. Stagge, K. Sung, K. Sung, I. F. Munyejuru, M. A. I. Haidar

“…The study also distinguishes between theoretical values, as calculated here, and real-world exceedance probabilities, where there may be climatological autocorrelation beyond that created by the moving average.…”
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Enhancing epidemic preparedness: a data-driven system for managing respiratory infections by Moslem Sarani, Katayoun Jahangiri, Manoochehr Karami, Mohammadreza Honarvar

“…Nevertheless, while the system demonstrates significant promise, further evaluation in real-world settings is essential to determine its practical impact on public health outcomes and its ability to mitigate health crises.…”
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Efficacy of fermented foods in irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials by Liang Ding, Jinnan Duan, Tao Yang, Mengping Yuan, A. Huo Ma, Yuehua Qin

“…ObjectiveFermented foods (FFs) may theoretically benefit irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms, but the role of FFs for IBS patients in the real world is inconsistent and has not been systematically assessed. …”
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Matching plus regression adjustment for the estimation of the average treatment effect on survival outcomes: a case study with mosunetuzumab in relapsed/refractory follicular lymph... by Danilo Di Maio, S. A. Mitchell, S. Batson, E. Keeney, Howard H. Z. Thom

“…Single-arm trials and real-world data are playing an increasing role in health technology assessments, particularly in oncology/rare diseases, generating a need for new ATE estimation methods. …”
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