Applying Hotspot Detection Methods in Forestry: A Case Study of Chestnut Oak Regeneration by Songlin Fei

“…Chestnut oak regeneration hotspots were positively associated with the abundance of chestnut oak trees in the overstory and a moderate cover of heather species (Vaccinium and Gaylussacia spp.) but were negatively associated with the abundance of hayscented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula) and mountain laurel (Kalmia latiforia). …”
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Structural Equation Modeling: Theory and Applications in Forest Management by Tzeng Yih Lam, Douglas A. Maguire

“…The SEM framework and implementation steps are outlined in this study, and we then demonstrate the technique by application to overstory-understory relationships in mature Douglas-fir forests in the northwestern USA. …”
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Investigating the contribution of understory to radiative transfer simulations through reconstructing 3-D realistic temperate broadleaf forest scenes based on multi-platform laser... by Xiaohan Lin, Ainong Li, Jinhu Bian, Zhengjian Zhang, Xi Nan, Limin Chen, Yi Bai, Yi Deng, Siyuan Li

“…Forests are complex, multi-layered ecosystems mainly comprising an overstory, understory, and soil. Radiative transfer simulations of these forests underpin the theoretical framework for retrieving forest parameters; however, the understory has often been neglected due to limitations in data acquisition technology. …”
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Thinning enhances whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) growth and resin duct defenses by Nickolas E. Kichas, Erin K. Shanahan, Sharon M. Hood

“…In addition, 93% of overstory trees in the treatment were whitebark pine, compared with 42% in the control. …”
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Spatial differences in predicted Phalaris arundinacea (reed canarygrass) occurrence in floodplain forest understories by John T. Delaney, M. Van Appledorn, N. R. De Jager, K. L. Bouska, J. J. Rohweder

“…In the Upper Mississippi River floodplain, invasion by reed canarygrass in forest understories can inhibit forest regeneration when gaps form in the overstory. Understanding the distribution of reed canarygrass in forest understories is essential for effective management and control. …”
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