Review of how we should define (and measure) adherence in studies examining older adults' participation in exercise classes by C Todd, H Hawley-Hague, M Horne, D A Skelton

“…Adherence is poor and reporting of adherence differs considerably between studies.Objective To explore how adherence to exercise classes for older people is defined in the literature and devise a definition for pooling data on adherence in future studies.Design Methodological review of the approaches used to measure adherence.Methods A review of the literature was carried out using narrative synthesis, based on systematic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsychINFO. 2 investigators identified eligible studies and extracted data independently.Results 37 papers including 34 studies were identified. 7 papers (7 studies) defined adherence as completion (retention). 30 papers (27 studies) identified adherence using attendance records. 12 papers (11 studies) based adherence on duration of exercise and 5 papers (4 studies) specified the intensity with which participants should exercise. …”
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Comparison of Microbiota in Zirconia and Titanium Implants: A Qualitative Systematic Review by Majid Bonyadi Manesh, Neda Vatankhah, Fatemeh Bonyadi Manesh

“…A thorough systematic search was carried out in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Two reviewers independently assessed the reports against the Participants, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes criteria, including the inclusion and exclusion criteria. …”
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Phakic Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens with a Central Hole in Treating Patients with Moderate to High Myopia: A Meta-Analysis by Ying Tang, Jian Ye

“…Literature search, screening literature, data extraction, and quality evaluation were independently performed by two reviewers. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. …”
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Impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on results in the animal naming test in patients with and without liver cirrhosis. by Eva Maria Schleicher, Julia Tuchscher, Matthias Weber, Peter Robert Galle, Marcus-Alexander Wörns, Simon Johannes Gairing, Christian Labenz

“…In multivariable logistic regression analysis, the only variables independently associated with performance in S-ANT1 were PHES-MHE, school education, sodium, and age, while diabetes mellitus was not. …”
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Peers To Professors: Exploring The Role Of Students And Faculty In Same-Level Reciprocal Peer Assisted Learning In Family Medicine Clerkship by Muneeza Aamir Sami, Lubna Ansari Baig, Saima Perwaiz Iqbal, Riffat Shafi, Sobia Parveen

“…Coding of the transcripts was carried out by three researchers independently, with themes agreed upon mutually. COREQ guidelines were followed throughout the planning, implementation, and analysis of this study. …”
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Balancing globalisation process through Development Agenda: sustainable global justice by S. M. Aamir Ali, A. Ghose

“…Although the concept of globalisation was initially intended to enhance the agency of developing nations, it has instead resulted in the erosion of their autonomy to independently determine their course of action. The democratic process has been impacted by the loss of decision-making power experienced by emerging countries as a consequence of globalisation. …”
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Stalled disomes marked by Hel2-dependent ubiquitin chains undergo Ubp2/Ubp3-mediated deubiquitination upon translational run-off by Mario Scazzari, Ying Zhang, Anna Moddemann, Sabine Rospert

“…We demonstrate that disomes and trisomes with mono- or di-ubiquitinated Rps20 resolve independently of the RQC component Slh1, while those with tri- and tetra-ubiquitinated Rps20 do not. …”
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Referral Criteria from Community Clinics to Pediatric Emergency Departments by Jacob Urkin, Ilan Segal, Nurit Barak, Joseph Press

“…One or more criteria could be selected from this list for each referral, by the referring community physicians and, independently, based on the physicians' referral letters, by two consultants, and compared. …”
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Analysis of Various Types of Glomerulonephritis with Crescents at a Single Center by Tomo Nakakita, Kenichi Akiyama, Kazunori Karasawa, Yoei Miyabe, Takahito Moriyama, Keiko Uchida, Kosaku Nitta

“…Multivariate analysis showed that renal function at renal biopsy and the ratio of global sclerosis independently predicted renal prognosis, but the type of glomerulonephritis was not a factor. …”
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Digital Financial Literacy and Life Satisfaction: Evidence from South Korea by Youngjoo Choung, Tae-Young Pak, Swarn Chatterjee

“…Notably, financial knowledge was not associated with life satisfaction when other dimensions of digital financial literacy were independently included in the regression models. These findings highlight the importance of digital skills and knowledge in navigating digital financial services. …”
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The urinary microbiome in association with diabetes and diabetic kidney disease: A systematic review. by Tiscar Graells, Yi-Ting Lin, Shafqat Ahmad, Tove Fall, Johan Ärnlöv

“…<h4>Conclusion</h4>This systematic review summarizes trends seen throughout published data available to have a first baseline knowledge of the urinary microbiome, and its microbiota, in association with diabetes including the decreased richness and α-diversity in urinary microbiota in individuals with diabetes compared to healthy controls and the decreased α-diversity with the evolution of kidney disease independently of the cause.…”
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Identité, imaginaire et tourisme en pays touareg au Niger by Emmanuel Grégoire, Marko Scholze

“…Cet arrêt brutal de l’activité touristique, sans doute durable étant donnée la situation qui prévaut actuellement au Mali (partition du pays après la proclamation de l’indépendance de l’Azawad le 6 avril 2012), s’est accompagné du déclin de la sous-culture touarègue qui s’était auparavant forgée aux contacts des touristes.…”
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Knowledge and Awareness of Pre‐Exposure Prophylaxis Among Men in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review Protocol by Oluwaseun Badru, Mbuzeleni Hlongwa, Oluwafemi Atanda Adeagbo

“…All screenings (abstract screening and full‐text screening) and data extraction will be conducted independently by two reviewers. Quantitative findings will be presented with frequency and percentages, while qualitative thematic analysis will be used to analyze qualitative findings. …”
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Need analysis on developing Students' higher order thinking skills one-to-one Western classical instrumental music lessons in higher education by Jiarui Pu, Abdul Rahman Bin Safian, Mohd Nizam Bin Nasrifan, Zaharul Lailiddin Bin Saidon

“…Meanwhile, more practice on HOTS for students within the classroom is vital Route for Learning Needs, however, there is a challenge in stimulating different levels of students' motivation to explore independently. Furthermore, given the current obstacles faced by teachers, the present study implies the need for broader HOTS studies on WCIM teaching and learning, which will bring benefit to both students' lifelong learning and healthy development of WCIM education discipline. …”
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Striving for consistency in a national lake assessment: Defining reference status and littoral macroinvertebrate condition in lakes across the conterminous United States by Richard M. Mitchell, Alan T. Herlihy, Robert M. Hughes

“…Because of insufficient reference lake numbers in some of the nine ecoregions, macroinvertebrate MMI development was done independently for each of five aggregate national ecoregions. …”
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A Y178C rhodopsin mutation causes aggregation and comparatively severe retinal degeneration by Sreelakshmi Vasudevan, Paul S.–H. Park

“…There was, however, significantly greater photoreceptor cell death occurring independently of PROTEOSTAT-labeled aggregates in mice expressing the Y178C rhodopsin mutant compared to those expressing either the P23H or G188R rhodopsin mutants. …”
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Social relationships and their associations with affective symptoms of women with breast cancer: A scoping review. by Yesol Yang, Yufen Lin, Grace Oforiwa Sikapokoo, Se Hee Min, Nicole Caviness-Ashe, Jing Zhang, Leila Ledbetter, Timiya S Nolan

“…All retrieved citations were independently screened and eligibility for inclusion was determined by study team members. …”
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Current approaches addressing oral health practitioners' responsiveness to child abuse and neglect: A scoping review protocol. by Heuiwon Han, Jane Koziol-McLain, Zac Morse, Amanda B Lees

“…Two reviewers will independently select sources and extract data. Any disagreements will be resolved by consensus of the research team. …”
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Electroencephalographic Features of Presumed Hepatic Encephalopathy in a Pediatric Dog with a Portosystemic Shunt—A Case Report by Raluca Adriana Ștefănescu, Vasile Boghian, Gheorghe Solcan, Mario Darius Codreanu, Mihai Musteata

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Impact of Alzheimer’s Disease on Caregivers in the United States by Megan Vu, Rohan Mangal, Thor Stead, Carlos Lopez-Ortiz, Latha Ganti

“…As patients’ symptoms of dementia continue to worsen, they gradually grow more limited in their independence. As a result, family members and close acquaintances often become caregivers for the patient and become more involved in maintaining the patient’s lifestyle. …”
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