FIRM’S CHARACTERISTICS AND EARNINGS MANAGEMENT: EVIDENCE FROM LISTED PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES IN NIGERIA by Muhammed BELLO, Leye Sherifdeen OYEDIRAN, Emmanuel Yinka ONIFADE

“…Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the data, and the findings at showed 5% level of significant that, board independence and audit quality have a major influence on the earnings management of the pharmaceutical industry in Nigeria. …”
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Seismic Sequence Effects on Buried Pipelines Crossing Nonuniform Sites with Ground Settlement by Dynamic Centrifuge Test by Hongtao Zhang, Yufei Zhao, Mingxu Gao

“…Most of the previous research focuses on the permanent ground deformation (PGD) caused by fault or transient ground deformation (TGD) due to seismic wave propagation independently. The mechanical character of buried pipelines crossing nonuniform sites during seismic sequence after ground settlement has not been studied. …”
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Effects of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Marker Density on Haplotype Block Partition by Sun Ah Kim, Yun Joo Yoo

“…When we examined the marker-independence of the haplotype block locations constructed from the datasets of different density, the results using below 50% of the entire SNP markers were very different from the results using the entire SNP markers. …”
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Profiles of women presenting for abortions in Singapore at the National University Hospital: focus on married women by Xiang Wen Gregory Pek, Wei Shan Teoh, Duoduo Wu, Kuldip Singh

“…Multivariate analysis showed that women aged >19 years and having more living children were independently associated with recurrent TOPs. Having a tertiary education was noted to be associated with less recurrent TOPs. …”
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Wiews of the nation's memories: A stereotyped vision of the Lithuanian history of the 20th century in Lithuanian documentary films by Rūta Šermukšnytė

“…Historical films and programs that are considered to be an adaptation of the national narrative cinematography have been predominant since the Lithuanian independence in 1991. This kind of narration is characterized by the validation of history as a national value, formation of national identity, and its stabilization rather than diversification and correction of the historical memory or the development of critical thinking. …”
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STRUCTURAL, VIBRATIONAL, OPTICAL, AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF 0-3 TYPE PARTICULATE PbTiO3-NiFe2O4 COMPOSITES by Chung Do Pham, Oanh Thi Mai Le, Minh Van Nguyen

“…We synthesized 0-3 type (1-x)PbTiO3-xNiFe2O4 (x = 0.0-0.5) multiferroic composites with two independently crystallized parent phases by the sol-gel method. …”
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Foreign Aid as a Factor of Development of Economy of the Developing State: The Experience of Pakistan by N. V. Galistcheva

“…The article emphasizes that foreign aid has always been very significant in stimulating the development of the Pakistani economy due to the serious limitation of the volume of national capital since its independence. The author considers the effectiveness of assistance provided to Pakistan during the import substitution period of its economic policy. …”
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Are all tuberculosis deaths correctly attributed due to tuberculosis? Analysis of causes of death (COD) using verbal autopsy: A cross-sectional study in Puducherry by Reenaa Mohan, M Rajalakshmi, G Kalaiselvan

“…The VA questionnaires were reviewed by two trained faculties and experts independently who were also asked to code the cause of death according to the International Classification of Diseases – 10th Revision. …”
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Bridging the gap: multi-granularity representation learning for text-based vehicle retrieval by Xue Bo, Junjie Liu, Di Yang, Wentao Ma

“…Current methodologies predominantly employ a two-tower architecture, where single-granularity features from both visual and textual domains are extracted independently. However, due to the intricate semantic relationships between videos and text, aligning the two modalities effectively using single-granularity feature representation poses a challenge. …”
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The Fight against the Forced Labor and the Human Trafficking in Central Asia by L. Yu. Gusev

“…It is noted that this problem has emerged since the early 90s, when these countries got the independence, due to the difficult economic situation, activity of extremist organizations. …”
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Subjectivity as a fundamental concept of modern philosophy of education by Віктор Довбня

“…The subject-subject interac­tion “Human – Human” is the basis of the metaphysical and cosmic process of life, which implies human freedom and independence of Ukraine.…”
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The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in People with Neurological Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Christopher P. Mackay, Suzanne S. Kuys, Sandra G. Brauer

“…Data Extraction. Study data were independently extracted from each article. Methodological quality of studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. …”
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau and his ideas in the spectrum of the pressing challenges of our time: to the postulates of modern psychological and pedagogical interaction by Irina Manokha

“…If we consider that the idea of naturalness facilitates the educational process as a way of bringing it closer to some “maieutic” ideal – it is also one of the centrifugal issues of modern pedagogy and educational affairs in general, the question – how to make the process – non-violent, opening prospects, and not prevent them from forming the ability to independently explore the world and find ways of acting effectively in it. …”
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Improving reading competence in aphasia with combined aerobic exercise and phono-motor treatment: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial. by Olga Boukrina, Elizabeth B Madden, Brian M Sandroff, Xiangqin Cui, Abubakar Yamin, Yekyung Kong, William W Graves

“…These deficits negatively impact independence and quality of life, highlighting the need for effective treatments that target the cognitive and neural processes essential to reading recovery. …”
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Multiscale characterization of medical devices and pharmaceutical formulations with 3D X-ray microscopy and computed tomography by Herminso Villarraga-Gómez, Ria L. Mitchell

“…Correlative workflows combining CT and 3D XRM can operate independently or alongside other microscopy methods, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), providing comprehensive characterization across multiple length scales, from centimeter-range features in medical devices to features such as pores, cracks, and coatings within pharmaceutical formulations ranging from several hundreds of micrometers to tens of nanometers in scale. …”
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Les lacs d’Hanoï, quelle place pour une pièce urbaine endémique ? by Martin Jaillais Neliaz

“…Some of them were included in the development of city parks and gardens during the colonial period and others were developed after the country’s independence. From 1992, with the intense urbanization of the capital the quality of these lakes deteriorated. …”
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«Islamic Socialism» in Pakistan: Evolution, Implementation and Legacy in Domestic and Foreign Policy by G. G. Makarevich

“…By leveraging historical sociology in international relations, the article investigates the influence of historical underpinnings on the decision-making of social groups, shedding light on their endeavors to construct the past for political purposes.The study meticulously traces the origins of "Islamic socialism," exploring the discourse's evolution in the initial decades following the country's independence. It identifies the driving forces that led the state leadership to adopt the model of "Islamic socialism." …”
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Exploring the impact of telemedicine in chronic patients from diverse socioeconomic contexts: systematic review of qualitative studies by Yuzhe Li, Qifang Shi, Jing Yang, Li Ran

“…Databases were searched from inception until November 12, 2024.MethodsThis review is reported in accordance with guidelines for Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ). Two reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment using the Joanna Briggs Institute's key assessment tools for qualitative research. …”
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How knee muscles and ground reaction forces shape knee buckling and ankle push-off in neuromuscular simulations of human walking by Alexandra Buchmann, Bernadett Kiss, Alexander Badri-Spröwitz, Daniel Renjewski

“…However, this mechanism is likely not enough to drive knee flexion independently. Our findings contribute to the biomechanical understanding of ankle push-off, with applications in prosthetic and bipedal robotic design, and fundamental research on human gait mechanics.…”
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Principles of public service: system-activity dimension by Yu. I. Shovkun

“…Legal principles: a) general principles of law (humanism, democracy, separation of powers into legislative, executive and judicial, legal certainty, presumption of innocence, proportionality, equality, legal responsibility; b) principles of administrative law (openness and transparency, flexibility, compliance human rights and freedoms, efficiency, prohibition of arbitrariness, innovation, competence, accountability and control, priority of laws of Ukraine and international documents regulating administrative and legal relations, social cohesion, stability and long-term orientation); c) special principles of law that regulate the passage of service by certain categories of public servants (equal access to public service, choice, patriotism, people's power, loyalty to constitutional duty and oath in case of taking it, state support, observance of official (executive) discipline and professional ethics, independence, failure to comply with illegal orders and instructions, consolidation of state and local interests, readiness for prompt performance of official tasks).…”
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