On the Error Rate Analysis of Dual-Hop Amplify-and-Forward Relaying in Generalized-K Fading Channels by George P. Efthymoglou, Nikolaos Bissias, Valentine A. Aalo

“…We present novel and easy-to-evaluate expressions for the error rate performance of cooperative dual-hop relaying with maximal ratio combining operating over independent generalized-𝐾 fading channels. For this system, it is hard to obtain a closed-form expression for the moment generating function (MGF) of the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the destination, even for the case of a single dual-hop relay link. …”
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Diagnostic Comparison of Different Methods for Detection of Occlusal Caries Lesions In New Erupted Permanent Teeth by Büsra Keskuş Şengül, Cansu Derdiyok, Fatih Öznurhan, İrem İpek

“…It was examined by visual, radiovisiography and CarieScan Pro (CP) device by two researchers with independent clinical experience. Results: With regard to intra-observer agreement for examiner 1 and 2, while there was only statistically significant difference between CP and ICDAS-II (P<.005), no significant difference was found among other groups. …”
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Deep reinforcement learning for active flow control in a turbulent separation bubble by Bernat Font, Francisco Alcántara-Ávila, Jean Rabault, Ricardo Vinuesa, Oriol Lehmkuhl

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In-situ observations of the magnetothermodynamic evolution of electron-only reconnection by D. S. Payne, M. Swisdak, J. P. Eastwood, J. F. Drake, P. S. Pyakurel, J. R. Shuster

“…The electromagnetic energy transport comes almost entirely from guide field contributions and is confined within the reconnection plane, while the most significant contribution to electron energy transport is independent of the drift velocity with additional out-of-plane signatures. …”
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Effect of additive elements Bi/Ni/Ge on crack initiation and propagation for low-Ag solders by Noritake Hiyoshi, Mitsuo Yamashita, Hiroaki Hokazono

“…J-integral range parameter evaluates the crack propagation rate for low-Ag solders independent of the additive elements…”
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Genderwise Investigation of Empahty Skills in Child Athletes by Yasin Arslan, Gülfem Sezen Balçıkanlı

“…The frequency, percentage distributions and the mean values of the sub-dimensions of the scales were calculated. Independent Samples T-test was used to determine the empathy levels of the child athletes. …”
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Effect analysis of small‐problem‐based teaching method for improving students’ problem‐solving ability in the experiment of power electronics course by Guopeng Zhao

“…Based on the analysis of students’ problem‐solving process and results, it can be seen that most students can complete and get correct conclusions independently. The proposed method can improve the students’ problem‐solving ability.…”
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Strengthening Data Literacy in K-12 Education: A Scoping Review by Verena Witte, Angela Schwering, Daniel Frischemeier

“…This area is extensively covered in practical approaches, three times more than methods for planning and conducting independent data collection. This disparity highlights an imbalance in data literacy development and underscores the need to address under-represented sub-skills, in particular the actual data collection process. …”
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Bayesian Estimation for the Doubly Censored Topp Leone Distribution using Approximate Methods and Fuzzy Type of Priors by Navid Feroze, Ali Al-Alwan, Muhammad Noor-ul-Amin, Shajib Ali, R. Alshenawy

“…This paper considers the posterior analysis of TLD, when the samples are doubly censored. The independent informative priors (IPs) which are very close to the Fuzzy priors have been proposed for the analysis. …”
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A Birandom Job Search Problem with Risk Tolerance by Guoli Wang, Wansheng Tang, Ruiqing Zhao

“…This paper considers a novel class of birandom job search problem, in which the job offers are sampled by the job searcher from a finite job set with equivalent probability and their wages are characterized as independent but maybe not identically nonnegative random variables. …”
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High-Accuracy Fault Location Detection in Double-Circuit Transmission Lines Utilizing Extreme Learning Machine Algorithm by Muhammad Hammad Saeed

“…Herein, an Extreme Learning Machine-based line parameter-independent fault location method is suggested that can learn the nonlinear relationship between the voltages, currents measured, and fault locations with high accuracy. …”
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Fully automated CFD simulation system research based on design scheme tree by Zijun Liu

“…During the verification process for the study case, two independent control parameters exhibit correlating trends, and one control parameter converges when the number of meshes increases, indicating a lack of trend sensitivity. …”
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Black Holes Have More States than Those Defined by the Bekenstein–Hawking Entropy: A Simple Argument by Carlo Rovelli

“…It is often assumed that the maximum number of independent states a black hole may contain is <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>N</mi><mrow><mi>B</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msup><mi>e</mi><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>B</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow></msub></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>B</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>/</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> is the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy and <i>A</i> is the horizon area in Planck units. …”
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A Vector-Like Reconfigurable Floating-Point Unit for the Logarithm by Nikolaos Alachiotis, Alexandros Stamatakis

“…We extended the LAU, by integrating two architecturally independent, LAU-based datapaths into a larger component, the VLAU (vector-like LAU). …”
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Investigation into the Presence or Absence of Solid Particles Generated from Thermal Processes in the Aerosol from an Electrically Heated Tobacco Product with and without Filter El... by Teemu Kärkelä, Jean-Christophe Ebinger, Unto Tapper, Olivier Robyr, Tauno Jalanti

“…One HTP is the Electrically Heated Tobacco System (EHTS) from Philip Morris International, which heats instead of burns the tobacco material and produces significantly fewer emissions than traditional cigarettes, as extensively substantiated by independent research groups. Published studies have also confirmed the absence of solid particles in these emissions, which may be due to the filter elements between the tobacco portion and the mouthpiece in the EHTP; however, to the best of our knowledge, the role of these filters has never been investigated. …”
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End-to-end data collection strategy using mobile sink in wireless sensor networks by Xiaofeng Wu, Zhuangqi Chen, Yi Zhong, Hui Zhu, Pingjian Zhang

“…However, most approaches treat the collection point selection and touring path planning as two independent problems, which leads to a sub-optimal solution for data collection. …”
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From the Small Screen to the Big Screen: The Super8's Distribution of Sandokan TV series by Nicole Braida

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Analysis of Influencing Factors of Teaching Effect Based on Structural Equation Model by Xin Xu

“…It can not only test some unpredictable abstract ideas, but also design parameters for the causal connection model between independent variables and dependent variables. Among them, the analysis of various latent variables is based on the verification factor analysis technology. …”
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The Origins, Specificity, and Potential Biological Relevance of Human Anti-IgG Hinge Autoantibodies by Randall J. Brezski, David M. Knight, Robert E. Jordan

“…Detailed molecular characterizations of HAH autoantibodies suggest that they are, in some cases, distinct from natural autoantibodies that arise independent of antigenic challenge. Multiple studies have attempted to define the specificity of HAH autoantibodies, which were originally detected as binding to fragments possessing C-terminal amino acid residues exposed in either the upper or lower hinge regions of IgGs. …”
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Pharmacokinetics of Anti-Epileptic Drugs and their Clinical Significance by Svein I. Johannessen

“…In man, OXC is metabolized to a monohydroxy derivative which has independent anti-epileptic properties. OXC seems to lack several disadavantageous pharmacokinetic properties common to other major anti-epileptic drugs. …”
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