Surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF): the WSES and CWIS position paper by Giacomo Sermonesi, Riccardo Bertelli, Fredric M. Pieracci, Zsolt J. Balogh, Raul Coimbra, Joseph M. Galante, Andreas Hecker, Dieter Weber, Zachary M. Bauman, Susan Kartiko, Bhavik Patel, SarahAnn S. Whitbeck, Thomas W. White, Kevin N. Harrell, Daniele Perrina, Alessia Rampini, Brian Tian, Francesco Amico, Solomon G. Beka, Luigi Bonavina, Marco Ceresoli, Lorenzo Cobianchi, Federico Coccolini, Yunfeng Cui, Francesca Dal Mas, Belinda De Simone, Isidoro Di Carlo, Salomone Di Saverio, Agron Dogjani, Andreas Fette, Gustavo P. Fraga, Carlos Augusto Gomes, Jim S. Khan, Andrew W. Kirkpatrick, Vitor F. Kruger, Ari Leppäniemi, Andrey Litvin, Andrea Mingoli, David Costa Navarro, Eliseo Passera, Michele Pisano, Mauro Podda, Emanuele Russo, Boris Sakakushev, Domenico Santonastaso, Massimo Sartelli, Vishal G. Shelat, Edward Tan, Imtiaz Wani, Fikri M. Abu-Zidan, Walter L. Biffl, Ian Civil, Rifat Latifi, Ingo Marzi, Edoardo Picetti, Manos Pikoulis, Vanni Agnoletti, Francesca Bravi, Carlo Vallicelli, Luca Ansaloni, Ernest E. Moore, Fausto Catena

“…Indications, contraindications, appropriate timing, surgical approaches and utilized implants are part of an ongoing debate. The present position paper, which is endorsed by the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES), and supported by the Chest Wall Injury Society, aims to provide a review of the literature investigating the use of SSRF in rib fracture management to develop graded position statements, providing an updated guide and reference for SSRF. …”
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Liver Transplantation for Acute Liver Failure due to Mushroom Poisoning by Hayri Canbaz, Attila Bestemir, Sami Akbulut, Sezai Yilmaz, Yusuf Yavuz

“…Background/Aims: Liver transplantation is a life-saving approach in some cases of mushroom poisoning, which is one of the important causes of acute liver failure. However, debate continues regarding the timing of liver transplantation. …”
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Erythropoietin Dose and Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients: Marginal Structural Model to Examine Causality by Elani Streja, Jongha Park, Ting-Yan Chan, Janet Lee, Melissa Soohoo, Connie M. Rhee, Onyebuchi A. Arah, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh

“…It has been previously reported that a higher erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) dose in hemodialysis patients is associated with adverse outcomes including mortality; however the causal relationship between ESA and mortality is still hotly debated. We hypothesize ESA dose indeed exhibits a direct linear relationship with mortality in models of association implementing the use of a marginal structural model (MSM), which controls for time-varying confounding and examines causality in the ESA dose-mortality relationship. …”
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Time Perception Test in IntelliCage System for Preclinical Study: Linking Depression and Serotonergic Modulation by Olga Sysoeva, Rauf Akhmirov, Maria Zaichenko, Ivan Lazarenko, Anastasiya Rebik, Nadezhda Broshevitskaja, Inna Midzyanovskaya, Kirill Smirnov

“…<b>Background/Objectives::</b> The link between serotonergic modulation and depression is under debate; however, serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) are still the first-choice medicine in this condition. …”
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No microorganism was detected in amniotic fluid of healthy pregnancies from the second trimester to the delivery by Yu Liu, Jingmei Ma, Xiang Li, Haijuan Zhao, Qubo Ai, Lanying Zhang, Yulong Tong, Lingzhen Meng, Huixia Yang

“…However, the exact timing of initial microbial colonization remains a subject of ongoing debate. While numerous studies have attempted to determine the presence or absence of intrauterine bacteria, the majority of them have drawn conclusions based on sequencing data from maternal or infant samples taken at a single time point. …”
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Problematic issues of Criminal and Criminal Procedural Legislation in Applying Coercive Medical Measures by D. V. Turenko

“…On their basis the author expressed a number of own conclusions on problematic and debatable areas and issues raised in the article. Based on the results, the author of the article made some conclusions about the application of coercive medical measures: establishing the fact of committing a criminal offense by a specific person; after a forensic psychiatric examination to determine that such a person is mentally ill and according to its results cannot be sane; such a person is socially dangerous to society and must be isolated for the period of involuntary treatment. …”
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Evaluating the effects of time-restricted eating on overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized controlled trial study protocol. by Hui Liu, Fuliang Shangguan, Fen Liu, Yu Guo, Huixi Yu, Hanbing Li, Yinhua Su, Zhongyu Li

“…<h4>Background</h4>Time-restricted eating (TRE) manages weight effectively, but choosing how long and what time window remain debatable. Although an 8:00 a.m. to 16:00 p.m. time frame is reported to show positive results in most weight loss trial, its safety and efficacy in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is uncertain. …”
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Blood lead levels and bladder cancer among US participants: NHANES 1999–2018 by Mei Huang, Hongxiao Li, Jiahui Chen, Liuqiang Li, Yifei Zhan, Yuxuan Du, Jun Bian, Meiling Chen, Dehui Lai

“…Abstract Background and objectives Pb (lead) is a heavy metal, its carcinogenicity for bladder cancer is still debated, the link between blood lead levels (BLLs) and bladder cancer was investigated in this study. …”
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Biological significance of soluble IL-2 receptor by Calogero Caruso, Giuseppina Candore, Diego Cigna, Antonio Tobia Colucci, Maria Assunta Modica

“…The precise biological role of the soluble form of the IL-2R is still a matter of debate. However, we know that increased sIL-2R levels may be observed in association with several immunological abnormalities and that sIL-2R is able to bind IL-2. …”
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Deixadas para morrer: sobre búfalas, desinformação e especismo estrutural by Fabio Alves Gomes de Oliveira, Érica Quadros do Amaral

“…Abordamos o aspecto informacional que envolve o caso por meio das narrativas identificadas na cobertura midiática do acontecimento. Ampliamos o debate para o viés informacional, ressaltando a necessidade da inserção de elementos políticos. …”
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Comparison of Hemodynamic Response following Spinal Anesthesia between Controlled Hypertensive and Normotensive Patients Undergoing Surgery below the Umbilicus: An Observational Pr... by Leake Gebrargs, Bereket Gebremeskel, Bacha Aberra, Assefa Hika, Yusuf Yimer, Misrak Weldeyohannes, Suleiman Jemal, Degena Behrey, Abere Tilahun

“…The occurrence of hypotension under spinal anesthesia among controlled hypertensive and normotensive patients with age 40 years and above is still debated. The objective of the study was to compare blood pressure and heart rate changes following spinal anesthesia between controlled hypertensive and normotensive patients undergoing surgery below the umbilicus at Black lion hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. …”
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Erratum to ‘Efficacy and safety of local fibrinolytic therapy in intracranial hemorrhages: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials’ [World Neurosurger... by Arun Babu Rajeswaran, Arshad Ali, Saleh Safi, Ahmed Eid Abdulghani Saleh

“…Background: Local fibrinolytic therapy for ICH and IVH are used to dissolve clots, but their role remains debatable. This review aims to study the efficacy and safety of local fibrinolytic therapy. …”
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Epidemiological Changes in Hospitalized Bronchiolitis in Children Under 2 Years of Age in Hangzhou Before and After COVID-19 Restriction Easing by Xu X, Chen X, He J, Su L, Tong X, Sun Y, Huang S, Bai G, Chen Z

“…The epidemiological effects of changes in hygiene and social behaviors during COVID-19 restrictions on the disease is still debated. This study aimed to analyze the changes in the viral etiology of bronchiolitis in Hangzhou during the COVID-19 restriction period (2022) compared to the period following the easing of restrictions(2023).Methods: This study collected data on patients under 2 years of age who were admitted for bronchiolitis to the Department of Pulmonology at the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou) from January, 1, 2022, to December 31, 2023. …”
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Lidocaine Shows Significant Antimicrobial Effects Against <i>Staphylococcus</i> Species: An In-Vitro Study Comparing Different Combinations of Lidocaine and Clinically Used Injecta... by Stephan Heller, Ricarda Johanna Seemann, Rainer Burgkart, Andreas Obermeier, Hermann Locher

“…Introduction: Intra-articular injections, commonly used in osteoarthritis treatment, are debated due to their potential link to septic arthritis, though its incidence remains low. …”
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Short-Term Postoperative Pain and Function of Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Discectomy versus Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy for Single-Segment Lumbar Disc Herniation:... by Weihao Zhu, Yu Yao, Jie Hao, Wenbin Li, Feng Zhang

“…Spinal surgery is gradually moving toward minimally invasive surgery, but there is still some lack of knowledge about the Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic (UBE) technique that has been hotly debated in recent years. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify whether UBE is superior to percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) for relieving short-term postoperative pain and promoting functional recovery. …”
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The Multimessenger Contribution of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays from Gamma-Ray Bursts by Zhenjiang Li, Fangsheng Min, Yi Jin, Yiqing Guo

“…It has long been debated whether gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) could serve as potential sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). …”
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Usefulness of Magnetoinertial Wearable Devices in Neurorehabilitation of Children with Cerebral Palsy by Marco Iosa, Manuela de Sanctis, Aurora Summa, Elena Bergamini, Daniela Morelli, Giuseppe Vannozzi

“…Conclusions. There is a large debate in literature about the efficacy of classical gait analysis that should be enlarged to new technological approaches, such as that based on MIMUs. …”
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Le secteur de la santé en Algérie entre arabisation, défrancisation et anglicisation by Fatima Zohra Chebab, Karim Ouaras

“…Based on sociolinguistic and discourse analysis approaches, this study focuses on the latest political-linguistic measures imposed on this sector and examines the instability of its linguistic praxis.Recent political upheavals in Algeria have placed the linguistic issue at the center of debates, escaping the multiple challenges faced both nationally and internationally. …”
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Factors of suicide-related behaviors based on stress-vulnerability model and prevention strategies among nurses: a scoping review by Xiaoyu Yang, Xiaoyu Yang, Deying Hu, Lecheng Li, Lecheng Li, Rezvanguli Rezak, Rezvanguli Rezak

“…Two researchers independently screened the literature, and disagreements were debated until a consensus was reached. Data extraction was conducted for the studies that were included. …”
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The Great Vietnamese Famine of 1944-45 Revisited by Geoffrey Gunn

“…While such charged issues as the Nanjing Massacre, the comfort women, forced labor and unit 731 have long been the subject of intense debate in the historical memory wars, in textbook controversies and museum exhibits, the Vietnamese famine, and Japan’s role in creating it, appear to have disappeared from Japanese war memory and commemoration whether in textbooks or museum representations. …”
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