The discounted reproductive number for epidemiology by Timothy C. Reluga, Jan Medlock, Alison Galvani

“…The basic reproductive number, $\Ro$, and the effective reproductivenumber, $R$, are commonly used in mathematicalepidemiology as summary statistics for the size andcontrollability of epidemics.However, these commonly usedreproductive numbers can be misleading when appliedto predict pathogen evolution because they do notincorporate the impact of the timing of events in the life-historycycle of the pathogen.To study evolution problems where the host population size ischanging, measures like the ultimate proliferation rate must be used.A third measure of reproductive success, which combines properties ofboth the basic reproductive number and the ultimate proliferationrate, is the discounted reproductive number$\mathcal{R}_d$. …”
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Breast Cancer Prediction Using the Affinity Propagation Clustering with Regard to the Weights of Variables by Sina Dami, Zeinab Hatamchuri

“…By using data mining tools in the field of medical diagnosis, some limitations such as the high cost of some tests or their timing will be addressed. In addition, the existence of errors in some experiments has led researchers to be welcomed by categorization methods. …”
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Next-Generation Sequencing and Epigenomics Research: A Hammer in Search of Nails by Shrutii Sarda, Sridhar Hannenhalli

“…While there is essentially a single genome in an individual, there are hundreds of epigenomes, corresponding to various types of epigenomic marks at different developmental times and in multiple tissue types. Unprecedented advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, by virtue of low cost and high speeds that continue to improve at a rate beyond what is anticipated by Moore's law for computer hardware technologies, have revolutionized molecular biology and genetics research, and have in turn prompted innovative ways to reduce the problem of measuring cellular events involving DNA or RNA into a sequencing problem. …”
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RESEARCH ON LOW CYCLE FATIGUE LIFE OF GAS TURBINE BLADE OF AN AERO-ENGINE by ZHANG Di, QIAN ZhengMing, MI Dong, XUAN HaiJun, ZHAO YongMing

“…The test results show that the predicted service life of gas turbine blade is within 5 times of service life dispersion zone, and the crack position of component test blade is consistent with the test results of the whole machine.…”
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Water-regulated viscosity-plasticity phase transitions in a peptide self-assembled muscle-like hydrogel by Yu Fang, Junhui Shi, Juan Liang, Dan Ma, Huaimin Wang

“…These solid threads can support 250 times their weight. Cryogenic electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) analysis unravels the three-dimensional structure of the liquid-crystal fiber (elongated helix with C2 symmetry) at an atomic resolution. …”
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Antidisturbance Vibration Suppression of the Aerial Refueling Hose during the Coupling Process by Zikang Su, Honglun Wang

“…This paper proposed an active control strategy based on the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) angular control for the timely and accurate vibration suppression of the flexible refueling hose. …”
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Meeting the Contraceptive Needs of Key Populations Affected by HIV in Asia: An Unfinished Agenda by Tricia Petruney, Shanthi Noriega Minichiello, Misti McDowell, Rose Wilcher

“…Like all women, women living with and at risk of acquiring HIV have the right to determine the number and timing of their pregnancies and to safely achieve their reproductive intentions. …”
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Fusion of Focal Loss’s cyber threat intelligence entity extraction by Yuanbo GUO, Yongfei LI, Qingli CHEN, Chen FANG, Yangyang HU

“…Cyber threat intelligence contains a wealth of knowledge of threat behavior.Timely analysis and process of threat intelligence can promote the transformation of defense from passive to active.Nowadays, most threat intelligence that exists in the form of natural language texts contains a large amount of unstructured data, which needs to be converted into structured data for subsequent processing using entity extraction methods.However, since threat intelligence contains numerous terminology such as vulnerability names, malware and APT organizations, and the distribution of entities are extremely unbalanced, the performance of extraction methods in general field are severely limited when applied to threat intelligence.Therefore, an entity extraction model integrated with Focal Loss was proposed, which improved the cross-entropy loss function and balanced sample distribution by introducing balance factor and modulation coefficient.In addition, for the problem that threat intelligence had a complex structure and a wide range of sources, and contained a large number of professional words, token and character features were added to the model, which effectively improved OOV (out of vocabulary) problem in threat intelligence.Experiment results show that compared with existing mainstream model BiLSTM and BiLSTM-CRF, the F1 scores of the proposed model is increased by 7.07% and 4.79% respectively, which verifies the effectiveness of introducing Focal Loss and character features.…”
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Influence of Humidity State on Dynamic Resilient Modulus of Subgrade Soils: Considering Repeated Wetting-Drying Cycles by Gongfeng Xin, Anshun Zhang, Zijian Wang, Quanjun Shen, Minghao Mu

“…The main results are as follows: (i) the MR decreased with the increase of deviator stress and rose with the growth of confining pressure; (ii) the humidification effect caused by the increase in moisture content attenuated the MR; (iii) the accumulation of WD cycles damaged the MR; however the decline rate was gradually retarded until it was stable with WD cycles 5 times; (iv) the satisfactory prediction model for the MR of subgrade soils considering WD cycles was proposed and verified. …”
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Investigation on effects of vibration amplitude and frequency in vibration-assisted cutting of stainless steel SUS304 by Mang Shi, Xiaoye Li, Jicheng Zhang

“…The vibration amplitude should be 0.5–0.7 times the feeding depth due to the work of the instantaneous feeding speed. …”
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LMN Facial Palsy in Pregnancy: An Opportunity to Predict Preeclampsia—Report and Review by Vani Aditya

“…Facial paralysis is the most frequent unilateral cranial nerve pathology affecting pregnant population 2 to 4 times more often than the nonpregnant population. …”
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Early Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: A New Association with Erythema Nodosum of Unknown Origin by Nikolaos K. Gatselis, Kalliopi Zachou, George N. Dalekos

“…In such cases a thorough evaluation for AMA and/or ANA PBC-specific antibodies could be helpful to achieve a correct and timely diagnosis.…”
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Intragranular ferrite morphologies in medium carbon vanadium-microalloyed steel by Fadel A., Glišić D., Radović N., Drobnjak D.

“…These treatments were interrupted at different times in order to analyze the evolution of the microstructure. …”
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Motion Planning of Redundant Manipulators for Painting Uniform Thick Coating in Irregular Duct by Yan Chen, Wenzhuo Chen, Ken Chen, Bo Li

“…For improving the longitudinal uniformity of thick coating, the interlacing painting method plans two sets of sweeping paths and an interlacing distance between the starting paths of the two times of painting. The interlacing distance and overlapping distance are optimized by establishing and analyzing the model of longitudinal uniformity. …”
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Soccer players efficacy belief, CSAI-2C, SCAT perception and success comparison by Barış Ozer, Serdar Kocaeksı

“…Measurements were applied to athletes two times selection of Anadolu University. Competition State Anxiety Inventory - Child Version-2 (CSAI-2C), Competition Trait Anxiety Inventory-Child Form (SCAT-C), Self-Efficacy (SES), Perception of Success - Children's Version (POSQ-CH) is used to collection data. …”
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Galectin-3: A Novel Marker for the Prediction of Stroke Incidence and Clinical Prognosis by Ahmed Sayed, Malak Munir, Mohamed S. Attia, Badrah S. Alghamdi, Ghulam Md Ashraf, Eshak I. Bahbah, Mohamed Elfil

“…Therefore, there is a continuous search for novel reliable biomarkers that can enhance the recognition of stroke events in a timely manner and predict the clinical outcomes following a stroke event. …”
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What on Earth! Slated Globes, School Geography and Imperial Pedagogy by Mahshid Mayar

“…Focusing on their production and use in the US context at the turn of the twentieth century, and following an examination of their role in teaching American children the fundaments of terrestrial geography, I probe these now forgotten, blank, black, educational table globes’ capacity in offering a timely “spatial fix” to the prosaic finality of an already overly and overtly known world that the globally rising US Empire was grappling with. …”
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SSCANL decoder based joint iterative detection and decoding algorithm by Chongyang LIU, Rui GUO

“…In order to improve the receiver performance of the sparse code multiple access (SCMA) system based on polar codes, the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) aided joint iterative detection and decoding receiver scheme based on simplify soft cancellation list (SSCANL) decoder (C-JIDD-SSCANL) was proposed.A polar code decoder in the C-JIDD-SSCANL receiver used the SSCANL algorithm.In this algorithm, decoding node deletion technology was used to simplify L times of soft cancellation (SCAN) decoding required by soft cancellation list (SCANL) algorithm by deleting frozen bit nodes, then the computational process of soft information update between nodes was simplified, and the computational complexity of decoding algorithm was reduced.The simulation results show that the SSCANL algorithm can obtain the same performance as the SCANL algorithm, and its computational complexity is reduced compared with the SCANL algorithm.Compared with the joint iterative detection and decoding scheme based on SCAN decoder (JIDD-SCAN) and the CRC aided joint iterative detection and decoding scheme based on SCAN decoder (C-JIDD-SCAN), the performance of C-JIDD-SSCANL receiver scheme based on SSCANL decoder is improved by about 0.65 dB and 0.59 dB respectively when the bit error rate is 10^-4.…”
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Working Memory Capacity, TL Grammar Attainment and Length of Study as Predictors of Explicit and Implicit (Automatized) Knowledge of English Passive Voice by Biedroń Adriana, Pasikowski Sławomir, Pawlak Mirosław

“…Receptive implicit (automatized) knowledge was assessed with a timed grammaticality judgment test while its productive dimension was assessed through a focused communication task. …”
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Struggle for Liberation of the Peoples of Yugoslavia (Belgrade Operation) by N. F. Azyasskiy

“…It symbolized the military cooperation of the two countries, which at the most difficult times in their history have always been in the same ranks in the struggle against the common enemy. …”
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