Early Pathologic Findings of Bronchiolitis Obliterans after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Proposal from a Case by Rie Nakamoto-Matsubara, Hidekazu Nishikii, Kenji Yamada, Masafumi Ito, Yuichi Hasegawa, Naoki Kurita, Naoshi Obara, Yasushi Okoshi, Kazumi Suzukawa, Yasuhisa Yokoyama, Mamiko Sakata-Yanagimoto, Masayuki Noguchi, Shigeru Chiba

“…While alloreactive lymphocytes associated with chronic graft-versus-host disease are believed to initiate BO, we present a rare case that directly implies such a scenario.…”
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Enhanced effect of radiofrequency ablation on HCC by siRNA-PD-L1-endostatin Co-expression plasmid delivered by Pengfei Chen, Kun Li, Jinwei Chen, He Hei, Jiaxin Geng, Nannan Huang, Mengyu Lei, Huijie Jia, Jianzhuang Ren, Chenwang Jin

“…Additionally, it induced tumor cell apoptosis, inhibited proliferation and migration, and increased the infiltration of T lymphocytes, granzyme B+ T cells, and CD86+macrophages within tumors. …”
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Cellular and immune landscape of chronic liver diseases: insights from immunophenotyping by Shaghayegh Soleimani, Shaghayegh Soleimani, Ozgur Albayrak, Kayra Somay, Hong Yang, Buket Yigit, Burge Ulukan, Dila Atak, Murat Akyildiz, Metehan Gursoy, Elif Demirtas, Adil Mardinoglu, Adil Mardinoglu, Atay Vural, Atay Vural, Murat Dayangac, Mujdat Zeybel

“…The NK cell count was lower in peri-tumor liver specimens compared to ARLD, and an upregulation of TIGIT, an inhibitory marker, was observed in those peri-tumor specimens.ConclusionThis study contributes to the understanding of immune dynamics in chronic liver disease among different etiologies. B lymphocytes are relatively reduced in alcohol-related liver disease compared to other groups, and T cells exhibit a more differentiated subtype. …”
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Turning attention to tumor–host interface and focus on the peritumoral heterogeneity of glioblastoma by Fang Wang, Jiawei Dong, Yuyun Xu, Jiaqi Jin, Yan Xu, Xiuwei Yan, Zhihui Liu, Hongtao Zhao, Jiheng Zhang, Nan Wang, Xueyan Hu, Xin Gao, Lei Xu, Chengyun Yang, Shuai Ma, Jianyang Du, Ying Hu, Hang Ji, Shaoshan Hu

“…The HBI tend to have increased infiltration of macrophages and T lymphocytes infiltration compared with that in LBI. …”
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PLUNC downregulates the expression of PD-L1 by inhibiting the interaction of DDX17/β-catenin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by Ranran Feng, Yilin Guo, Meilin Chen, Ziying Tian, Yijun Liu, Su Jiang, Jieyu Zhou, Qingluan Liu, Xiayu Li, Wei Xiong, Lei Shi, Songqing Fan, Guiyuan Li, Wenling Zhang

“…Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is characterized by high programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and abundant infiltration of non-malignant lymphocytes, which renders patients potentially suitable candidates for immune checkpoint blockade therapies. …”
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Antibody-based delivery of interleukin-2 modulates the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and achieves cure in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma syngeneic mice by Carmine Carbone, Roberto De Luca, Emanuele Puca, Antonio Agostini, Alessia Caggiano, Lorenzo Priori, Annachiara Esposito, Serena Ascrizzi, Geny Piro, Lisa Salvatore, Francesco De Sanctis, Stefano Ugel, Vincenzo Corbo, Dario Neri, Giampaolo Tortora

“…To assess the efficacy of this immunocytokine we developed an ex-vivo immune-spheroid interaction platform derived from murine 3D pancreatic cultures, and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) specific T-lymphocytes. Moreover, we evaluated the anti-cancer effect of L19-IL2 in combination with standard therapy in vivo experiments in PDAC mouse models. …”
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Peculiarities of the blood system of animals under the conditions of consumption of drinking water containing chlorates by T.E. Kravchun, L.A. Tomashevskaya, L.A. Tomashevskaya, V.A. Prokopov, T.V. Kulish, V.S. Tsytsyruk

“…Evaluating the results of experimental studies, it should be noted that the most pronounced changes are observed in groups of animals that received chlorates in concentrations of 0.7 and 1.2 mg/dm³: a gradual decrease in the absolute number of leukocytes, the absolute and relative number of lymphocytes, relative to the indicators of the control group can be observed. …”
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Annotation and characterization of immunoglobulin loci and CDR3 polymorphism in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) by Yunlan Deng, Fengli Wu, Fengli Wu, Qianqian Li, Lidie Yao, Chengzhi Yang, Long Ma, Xinsheng Yao, Jun Li

“…IntroductionImmunoglobulin (Ig) refers to the nomenclature for all antibody proteins produced by B lymphocytes. The genetic locus encoding Ig is critical for vertebrate humoral immune responses and diverse antibody repertoires. …”
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Comparative analysis between abdominal aortic aneurysm and popliteal artery aneurysm by Marcos Vinícius Melo de Oliveira, MD, PhD, Alexandre Malta Brandão, MD, PhD, Gina Camillo Rocha Silvestre, BS, Alexandre Queiroz Silva, BS, Michele Alberto Marques, BS, Marcia Martins Reis, PhD, Maria de Lourdes Higuchi, MD, PhD, Erasmo Simão da Silva, MD, PhD

“…In contrast, AAA walls contain a greater number of B lymphocytes within the adventitia compared with PAA walls. …”
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Nutritional strategies for laying hens to address environmental challenges by reducing the nitrogen excretion by Vlaicu Petru Alexandru, Untea Arabela Elena, Panaite Tatiana Dumitra, Cornescu Gabriela Maria, Saracila Mihaela, Varzaru Iulia, Oancea Alexandra Gabriela

“…Results from blood samples showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in RPL group on monocytes and uric acid compared with CON and RPC groups with tendencies for leucocytes, lymphocytes, heterophiles. Notably, excreted N levels were significantly reduced (up to 30%) in RPL (0.33 mg N/100g) and RPC (0.30 mg N/100g) groups compared to the CON (0.42 mg N/100g) group, showing a promising way of reducing N pollution. …”
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Clinicopathological and predictive value of MAIT cells in non-small cell lung cancer for immunotherapy by Dongyan Shi, Lin Lin, Yun Chen, Jian Liu, Lin Shi, Jinying Lu, Da Zhong, Meijuan Song, Wenhua You, Wen-Hui Li

“…Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a population of unconventional innate-like T lymphocytes abundant in the human body, play important roles in human malignancies. …”
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Artificial intelligence-based spatial analysis of tertiary lymphoid structures and clinical significance for endometrial cancer by Haruka Suzuki, Kohei Hamada, Junzo Hamanishi, Akihiko Ueda, Ryusuke Murakami, Mana Taki, Rin Mizuno, Koichi Watanabe, Hanako Sato, Yuko Hosoe, Hiroaki Ito, Koji Yamanoi, Hiroyuki Yoshitomi, Nobuyuki Kakiuchi, Ken Yamaguchi, Noriomi Matsumura, Seishi Ogawa, Hideki Ueno, Masaki Mandai

“…B cell receptor repertoire analysis performed using six TLS samples located at various distances from the tumor showed that TLSs in distal areas had more shared B cell clones with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. To comprehensively investigate the distribution of TLSs, we developed an artificial intelligence model to detect TLSs and determine their spatial locations in whole-slide images. …”
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Development of delayed pulmonary toxicities and transcriptional changes in pre-existing interstitial lung disease mice after partial thoracic irradiation by Jiamei Fu, Xinglong Liu, Yuchuan Zhou, Shengnan Zhao, Liang Zeng, Yan Pan, Jianghong Zhang, Kevin M. Prise, Chunlin Shao, Yaping Xu

“…Furthermore, the involvement of epithelial cells and the infiltration of macrophages and CD4 + lymphocytes were validated during extensive lung remodeling in the sRRLI group. …”
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Phase Ib study of pembrolizumab in combination with trastuzumab emtansine for metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer by Sara M Tolaney, Tianyu Li, Edward T Richardson, Judith Agudo, Elizabeth A Mittendorf, Beth Overmoyer, Eric P Winer, Adrienne G Waks, Tanya E Keenan, Nabihah Tayob, Gerburg M Wulf, Victoria Attaya, Leilani Anderson, Ian E Krop, Eliezer M Van Allen

“…Programmed cell death ligand-1 and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes did not correlate with response in this small cohort.Conclusions T-DM1 plus pembrolizumab was a safe and tolerable regimen. …”
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Anatomy, histology, and morphology of fish gills in relation to feeding habits: a comparative review of marine and freshwater species by Mohamed A. M. Alsafy, Hanan H. Abd-Elhafeez, Ahmed M. Rashwan, Atef Erasha, Safwat Ali, Samir A. A. El-Gendy

“…The lymph space contains many types of immunological cells, including lymphocytes, granular leukocytes, and rodlet cells. …”
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General immunologic reactivity of patients with COVID-19 and its relation to gene polymorphism, severity of clinical course of the disease and combination with comorbidities by M.O. Sokolenko, L.P. Sydorchuk, L.S. Sokolenko, A.A. Sokolenko

“…The overall immunological reactivity was detected and evaluated based on the analysis of 14 integral leukocyte indices: leukocyte shift index, absolute leukocyte count/erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) ratio index, lymphocyte-granulocyte index, lymphocyte index, immunological resistance and reactivity index, and others. …”
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Immune cells in thyroid adenoma and carcinoma: uncovering a hidden value of assessing tumor-host interplay and its potential application in thyroid cytopathology by Iryna Omelianenko, Iryna Omelianenko, Nazarii Kobyliak, Nazarii Kobyliak, Tetyana Falalyeyeva, Tetyana Falalyeyeva, Oleksii Seleznov, Pavlina Botsun, Lyudmila Ostapchenko, Oleksandr Korotkyi, Liudmyla Domylivska, Olena Tsyryuk, Galyna Mykhalchyshyn, Tetiana Shapochka, Oksana Sulaieva, Oksana Sulaieva

“…Besides, the expression of STAT6 and SMAD4 as potential regulators of TIME was evaluated in the study.ResultsTC demonstrated an immune-rich profile representing abundant tumor-associated CD8+ lymphocytes, CD68 and CD163+ macrophages. In contrast, TA represented mostly a low immune cell infiltration. …”
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Interleukin 15‐Presenting Nanovesicles with Doxorubicin‐Loaded Ferritin Cores for Cancer Immunochemotherapy by Yihui Zhai, Wen Zhang, Jinming Wang, Ying Kong, Rong Rong, Tianqun Lang, Chao Zheng, Yanke Wang, Yang Yu, Helen He Zhu, Ying Cai, Pengcheng Zhang, Yaping Li

“…Abstract Interleukin 15 (IL15) is crucial for fostering the survival and proliferation of nature killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), playing a pivotal role in tumor control. …”
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Clinicopathological analysis of adrenal intravascular large B-cell lymphoma by LIN Jiaxin, WEI Ran, SHUI Ruohong, LU Hongfen, LI Xiaoqiu, YU Baohua

“…Morphologically, large atypical lymphocytes were confined to blood vessels, and fibrinous necrosis was observed in some cases. …”
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Association of ERAP1 and ERAP2 gene polymorphisms and ERAP2 protein with the susceptibility and severity of rheumatoid arthritis in the Ukrainian population by Iryna Kril, Iryna Kril, Andrzej Wiśniewski, Agnieszka Tarnowska, Khrystyna Lishchuk-Yakymovych, Yaryna Bojko, Piotr Kuśnierczyk, Valentyna V. Chopyak, Izabela Nowak

“…These molecules present antigenic peptides to CD8+ T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. HLA-I molecules bind their peptide cargo (8–10 amino acids long) in the endoplasmic reticulum. …”
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