The Contribution of α-Synuclein Spreading to Parkinson’s Disease Synaptopathy by Francesca Longhena, Gaia Faustini, Cristina Missale, Marina Pizzi, PierFranco Spano, Arianna Bellucci

“…In sporadic PD, the most common age-related neurodegenerative movement disorder, nigrostriatal dopaminergic deficits are responsible for the onset of motor symptoms that have been related to α-synuclein deposition at synaptic sites. Indeed, α-synuclein accumulation can impair synaptic dopamine release and induces the death of nigrostriatal neurons. …”
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Chronic Rapamycin Prevents Electrophysiological and Morphological Alterations Produced by Conditional Pten Deletion in Mouse Cortex by Jason S. Hauptman, Joseph Antonios, Gary W. Mathern, Michael S. Levine, Carlos Cepeda

“…CPNs from normal mice chronically treated with rapamycin, compared with CPNs from naïve mice, showed reduced capacitance and time constant, increased input resistance, and changes in inhibitory synaptic inputs, consistent with increased pre-synaptic GABA release. …”
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Dopaminergic Modulation of Striatal Inhibitory Transmission and Long-Term Plasticity by Elizabeth Nieto Mendoza, Elizabeth Hernández Echeagaray

“…Our results showed that low and high DA concentrations mainly reduced the amplitude of inhibitory synaptic response; however detailed analysis of the D1 and D2 participation in this modulation displayed a wide variability in synaptic response. …”
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Spines, Plasticity, and Cognition in Alzheimer's Model Mice by Tara Spires-Jones, Shira Knafo

“…Here, we review work on transgenic AD models that investigate the degeneration of dendritic spine structure, synaptic function, and cognition. Together, these data support a model of AD pathogenesis in which soluble Aβ initiates synaptic dysfunction and loss, as well as pathological changes in tau, which contribute to both synaptic and neuronal loss. …”
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Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors and Voltage-Gated Ca2+ Channels in Long-Term Potentiation of Spinal Dorsal Horn Synapses and Pain Hypersensitivity by Dong-ho Youn, Gábor Gerber, William A. Sather

“…Over the last twenty years of research on cellular mechanisms of pain hypersensitivity, long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission in the spinal cord dorsal horn (DH) has emerged as an important contributor to pain pathology. …”
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Cellular Signal Mechanisms of Reward-Related Plasticity in the Hippocampus by Masako Isokawa

“…Consequently, there is an intense interest in the mechanisms that underline learning and memory. Synaptic plasticity has been hypothesized to be the neuronal substrate for learning. …”
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Glia and TRPM2 Channels in Plasticity of Central Nervous System and Alzheimer’s Diseases by Jing Wang, Michael F. Jackson, Yu-Feng Xie

“…Synaptic plasticity refers to the ability of neurons to strengthen or weaken synaptic efficacy in response to activity and is the basis for learning and memory. …”
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Plasticity of Neuron-Glial Transmission: Equipping Glia for Long-Term Integration of Network Activity by Wayne Croft, Katharine L. Dobson, Tomas C. Bellamy

“…The capacity of synaptic networks to express activity-dependent changes in strength and connectivity is essential for learning and memory processes. …”
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Brain Plasticity and Cell Competition: Immediate Early Genes Are the Focus by Pavel P. Tregub, Yulia K. Komleva, Maria V. Kukla, Anton S. Averchuk, Anna S. Vetchinova, Natalia A. Rozanova, Sergey N. Illarioshkin, Alla B. Salmina

“…It includes several mechanisms of synaptic and extrasynaptic changes, neurogenesis, and the formation and elimination of synapses. …”
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Physiological Properties of Supragranular Cortical Inhibitory Interneurons Expressing Retrograde Persistent Firing by Barbara Imbrosci, Angela Neitz, Thomas Mittmann

“…The somatodendritic compartment receives and integrates synaptic inputs while the axon relays relevant synaptic information in form of action potentials (APs) across long distance. …”
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Large-scale high uniform optoelectronic synapses array for artificial visual neural network by Fanqing Zhang, Chunyang Li, Zhicheng Chen, Haiqiu Tan, Zhongyi Li, Chengzhai Lv, Shuai Xiao, Lining Wu, Jing Zhao

“…Various synaptic plasticity behaviors have been achieved owing to the switchable electronic storage performance. …”
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N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors Involvement in the Gentamicin-Induced Hearing Loss and Pathological Changes of Ribbon Synapse in the Mouse Cochlear Inner Hair Cells by Juan Hong, Yan Chen, Yanping Zhang, Jieying Li, Liujie Ren, Lin Yang, Lusen Shi, Ao Li, Tianyu Zhang, Huawei Li, Peidong Dai

“…Previous reports show that both noise and aminoglycoside exposures lead to reduced numbers and morphologic changes of synaptic ribbons. In this work, we determined the distribution of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and their role in the gentamicin-induced pathological changes of cochlear IHC ribbon synaptic elements. …”
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Membrane-targeted push-pull azobenzenes for the optical modulation of membrane potential by Valentina Sesti, Arianna Magni, Matteo Moschetta, Chiara Florindi, Marlene E. Pfeffer, Mattia Lorenzo DiFrancesco, Michele Guizzardi, Giulia Folpini, Luca Sala, Alessandra Gilda Ritacca, Beatrice Campanelli, Paola Moretti, Giuseppe Maria Paternò, Luca Maragliano, Matteo Tommasini, Francesco Lodola, Elisabetta Colombo, Fabio Benfenati, Chiara Bertarelli, Guglielmo Lanzani

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Noise-induced ribbon synapse loss in the mouse basal cochlear region does not reduce inner hair cell exocytosis by David Oestreicher, David Oestreicher, Alfonso Mauro Malpede, Alfonso Mauro Malpede, Annalena Reitmeier, Annalena Reitmeier, Carolin Paula Bräuer, Carolin Paula Bräuer, Laura Schoch, Laura Schoch, Nicola Strenzke, Nicola Strenzke, Tina Pangrsic, Tina Pangrsic, Tina Pangrsic

“…Extensive previous work has shown that the highly sensitive synapses of the inner hair cells (IHCs) may be the first target for irreparable damage and permanent loss in the noise-exposed cochlea, more precisely in the cochlear base. However, how such synaptic loss affects the synaptic physiology of the IHCs in this particularly vulnerable part of the cochlea has not yet been investigated. …”
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Emerging Roles of Synapse Organizers in the Regulation of Critical Periods by Adema Ribic, Thomas Biederer

“…Experience-dependent regulation of synaptic strength during these periods establishes circuit functions that are stabilized as critical period plasticity wanes. …”
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Investigation of Neuron Latency Modulated by Bilateral Inferior Collicular Interactions Using Whole-Cell Patch Clamp Recording in Brain Slices by Jinzhe Ma, Yangyang Han, Yiting Yao, Huimei Wang, Mengxia Chen, Ziying Fu, Qicai Chen, Jia Tang

“…We used whole-cell patch clamp recordings to assess synaptic responses in isolated brain slices of Kunming mice. …”
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Presynaptic Ionotropic Receptors Controlling and Modulating the Rules for Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity by Matthijs B. Verhoog, Huibert D. Mansvelder

“…Furthermore, we will discuss how interaction between different types of ionotropic receptors may create “timing” windows during which particular timing rules lead to synaptic changes.…”
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Aging Alters Olfactory Bulb Network Oscillations and Connectivity: Relevance for Aging-Related Neurodegeneration Studies by A. Ahnaou, D. Rodriguez-Manrique, S. Embrechts, R. Biermans, N. V. Manyakov, S. A. Youssef, W. H. I. M. Drinkenburg

“…The aging process eventually cause a breakdown in critical synaptic plasticity and connectivity leading to deficits in memory function. …”
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GSK-3β at the Intersection of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurodegeneration by Tomasz Jaworski, Ewa Banach-Kasper, Katarzyna Gralec

“…Here, we provide an overview of how GSK-3β is regulated in physiological synaptic plasticity and how aberrant GSK-3β activity contributes to the development of dysfunctional synaptic plasticity in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.…”
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14-3-3 Proteins in Glutamatergic Synapses by Jiajing Zhang, Yi Zhou

“…A key challenge for the future is to delineate the 14-3-3-dependent molecular pathways involved in regulating synaptic functions.…”
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