Linking Mitochondria to Synapses: New Insights for Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders by Freddy Jeanneteau, Margarita Arango-Lievano

“…The brain evolved cellular mechanisms for adapting synaptic function to energy supply. This is particularly evident when homeostasis is challenged by stress. …”
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Gamma Oscillations Facilitate Effective Learning in Excitatory-Inhibitory Balanced Neural Circuits by Kwan Tung Li, Junhao Liang, Changsong Zhou

“…We find that gamma oscillation is beneficial to synaptic potentiation among stimulated neurons by forming a special network structure where the sum of excitatory input synaptic strength is correlated with the sum of inhibitory input synaptic strength. …”
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Bifurcation Analysis and Synchronous Patterns between Field Coupled Neurons with Time Delay by Li Zhang, Xinlei An, Jiangang Zhang, Qianqian Shi

“…Neurons encode and transmit signals through chemical synaptic or electrical synaptic connections in the actual nervous system. …”
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Maturation, Refinement, and Serotonergic Modulation of Cerebellar Cortical Circuits in Normal Development and in Murine Models of Autism by Eriola Hoxha, Pellegrino Lippiello, Bibiana Scelfo, Filippo Tempia, Mirella Ghirardi, Maria Concetta Miniaci

“…The regularity of the cellular and synaptic organization of the cerebellar cortex allowed detailed studies of the structural plasticity mechanisms underlying the formation of new synapses and retraction of redundant ones. …”
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Motor-Skill Learning Is Dependent on Astrocytic Activity by Ragunathan Padmashri, Anand Suresh, Michael D. Boska, Anna Dunaevsky

“…Motor-skill learning induces changes in synaptic structure and function in the primary motor cortex through the involvement of a long-term potentiation- (LTP-) like mechanism. …”
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Drosophila Torsin Protein Regulates Motor Control and Stress Sensitivity and Forms a Complex with Fragile-X Mental Retardation Protein by Phuong Nguyen, Jong Bok Seo, Hyo-Min Ahn, Young Ho Koh

“…Furthermore, there were no significant differences between synaptic morphologies of dfmrp null mutants and dfmrp mutants expressing DTor-RNAi. …”
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Evidence of Presynaptic Localization and Function of the c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase by Silvia Biggi, Lucia Buccarello, Alessandra Sclip, Pellegrino Lippiello, Noemi Tonna, Cristiano Rumio, Daniele Di Marino, Maria Concetta Miniaci, Tiziana Borsello

“…The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is part of a stress signalling pathway strongly activated by NMDA-stimulation and involved in synaptic plasticity. Many studies have been focused on the post-synaptic mechanism of JNK action, and less is known about JNK presynaptic localization and its physiological role at this site. …”
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Protocol to study chloride regulation in cultured mouse cortical neurons using electrophysiology by Vineeth A. Raveendran, Jessica C. Pressey, Melanie A. Woodin

“…Here, we present a protocol to study the regulation of cation-chloride cotransporters and the strength of synaptic inhibition in cultured mouse cortical neurons using electrophysiology. …”
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Capacitance Measurements of Exocytosis From AII Amacrine Cells in Retinal Slices by Espen Hartveit, Margaret Veruki

“…During neuronal synaptic transmission, the exocytotic release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic neuron evokes a change in conductance for one or more types of ligand-gated ion channels in the postsynaptic neuron. …”
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Long-Term Spatiotemporal Reconfiguration of Neuronal Activity Revealed by Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging in the Cerebellar Granular Layer by Daniela Gandolfi, Jonathan Mapelli, Egidio D’Angelo

“…Understanding the spatiotemporal organization of long-term synaptic plasticity in neuronal networks demands techniques capable of monitoring changes in synaptic responsiveness over extended multineuronal structures. …”
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Integrator or coincidence detector --- what shapes the relation of stimulus synchrony and the operational mode of a neuron? by Achilleas Koutsou, Jacob Kanev, Maria Economidou, Chris Christodoulou

“…We discover that the relationship between the two measures changes substantially based on the values of the parameters of the input (firing rate and number of spike trains) and the parameters of the post-synaptic neuron (synaptic weight, membrane leak time constant and spike threshold). …”
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Effects of Trace Metal Profiles Characteristic for Autism on Synapses in Cultured Neurons by Simone Hagmeyer, Katharina Mangus, Tobias M. Boeckers, Andreas M. Grabrucker

“…Thus, we conclude that balancing Zn levels in ASD might be a prime target to normalize synaptic alterations caused by biometal dyshomeostasis.…”
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Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus Is Associated with Changes in the Actin-Modulating Protein Synaptopodin and Alterations in Long-Term Potentiation in the Mouse Hippocampus by Maximilian Lenz, Marina Ben Shimon, Thomas Deller, Andreas Vlachos, Nicola Maggio

“…Here, we addressed the question of whether pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus affects synaptopodin (SP), an actin-binding protein, which regulates the ability of neurons to express synaptic plasticity. This makes SP an interesting marker for epilepsy-associated alterations in synaptic function. …”
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A model of activity-dependent changes in dendritic spine density and spine structure by S. M. Crook, M. Dur-e-Ahmad, S. M. Baer

“…Recent evidence indicates that the morphology and density of dendritic spines are regulated during synaptic plasticity. See, for instance, a review by Hayashi and Majewska [9]. …”
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All‐Inorganic Perovskite Quantum‐Dot Optical Neuromorphic Synapses for Near‐Sensor Colored Image Recognition by Yung‐Chi Yao, Chia‐Jung Lee, Yong‐Jun Chen, Jun‐Zhi Feng, Hongseok Oh, Chin‐Shan Lue, Jinn‐Kong Sheu, Ya‐Ju Lee

“…Here, an optical neuromorphic synaptic (ONS) device is demonstrated by homogeneously integrating optical‐sensing and synaptic functionalities into a unified material platform, constructed exclusively by all‐inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs). …”
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Hippocampal Regulation of Postsynaptic Density Homer1 by Associative Learning by Nicholas E. Clifton, Darren Cameron, Simon Trent, Lucy H. Sykes, Kerrie L. Thomas, Jeremy Hall

“…Genes involved in synaptic plasticity, particularly genes encoding postsynaptic density proteins, have been recurrently linked to psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and autism. …”
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Supralinear dendritic integration in murine dendrite-targeting interneurons by Simonas Griesius, Amy Richardson, Dimitri Michael Kullmann

“…Non-linear summation of synaptic inputs to the dendrites of pyramidal neurons has been proposed to increase the computation capacity of neurons through coincidence detection, signal amplification, and additional logic operations such as XOR. …”
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The Many Forms and Functions of Long Term Plasticity at GABAergic Synapses by Arianna Maffei

“…Thus, the understanding of inhibitory synaptic plasticity is crucial to fully comprehend the physiology of brain circuits. …”
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MicroRNAs in Vertebrate Synapse Development by Roberto Fiore, Gerhard Schratt

“…Furthermore, first examples are emerging that microRNAs might contribute to the etiology of neuronal diseases characterized by synaptic dysfunction. This review will summarize the recent examples that describe a function of microRNAs in synapse formation, plasticity, and disease, and discuss future directions that promise to shed light on microRNA regulation by synaptic activity and microRNA function in higher cognitive functions, such as learning and memory.…”
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Wheel-Running Modestly Promotes Functional Recovery after a Unilateral Cortical Lesion in Rats by Xiurong Zhao, Jaroslaw Aronowski, Shi-Jie Liu, Timothy Schallert, Jie Zhang, Roger Strong, Zhi-Shuo Ou, Theresa Nguyen, James C. Grotta

“…Background: We aimed to determine whether early or delayed wheel-running (W) after a cortical lesion in rats influences functional recovery and protein expression involving synaptic plasticity.…”
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