Effects of Chronic Dopamine D2R Agonist Treatment and Polysialic Acid Depletion on Dendritic Spine Density and Excitatory Neurotransmission in the mPFC of Adult Rats by Esther Castillo-Gómez, Emilio Varea, José Miguel Blasco-Ibáñez, Carlos Crespo, Juan Nacher

“…Chronic treatment with D2R agonists modifies the expression of molecules implicated in neuronal structural plasticity, synaptic function, and inhibitory neurotransmission, which are also altered in schizophrenia. …”
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Mechanisms Underlying Adaptation of Respiratory Network Activity to Modulatory Stimuli in the Mouse Embryo by Marc Chevalier, Rafaël De Sa, Laura Cardoit, Muriel Thoby-Brisson

“…Rhythmogenesis emerges from this network through the interplay between the activation of intrinsic cellular properties (pacemaker properties) and intercellular synaptic connections. Respiratory activity continuously changes under the impact of numerous modulatory substances depending on organismal needs and environmental conditions. …”
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Lactic acid contributes to the emergence of depression-like behaviors triggered by blue light exposure during sleep by Yinhan Li, Xinhui Zou, Ying Ma, Jiaqi Cheng, Xiangmin Yu, Wenya Shao, Fuli Zheng, Zhenkun Guo, Guangxia Yu, Siying Wu, Huangyuan Li, Hong Hu

“…The administration of a lactate inhibitor (Oxamate) alleviated these behaviors, along with changes in neuronal excitability, synaptic function, and morphology in the LHb. Overall, our study suggests that excessive exposure to high blue light-content artificial light at night links to increased depressive symptoms, revealing possible molecular mechanisms and prevention strategies, which are crucial for addressing environmentally related mental health issues.…”
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2D MoS2-based reconfigurable analog hardware by Xinyu Huang, Lei Tong, Langlang Xu, Wenhao Shi, Zhuiri Peng, Zheng Li, Xiangxiang Yu, Wei Li, Yilun Wang, Xinliang Zhang, Xuan Gong, Jianbin Xu, Xiaoming Qiu, Hongyang Wen, Jing Wang, Xuebin Hu, Caihua Xiong, Yu Ye, Xiangshui Miao, Lei Ye

“…In this work, we demonstrate a two-dimension MoS2-based reconfigurable analog hardware that emulate synaptic, heterosynaptic, and somatic functionalities. …”
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Geometry and dynamics of representations in a precisely balanced memory network related to olfactory cortex by Claire Meissner-Bernard, Friedemann Zenke, Rainer W Friedrich

“…Biological memory networks are thought to store information by experience-dependent changes in the synaptic connectivity between assemblies of neurons. …”
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Effects of Patterned Sound Deprivation on Short- and Long-Term Plasticity in the Rat Thalamocortical Auditory System In Vivo by Chloe N. Soutar, Laura G. Rosen, Simon G. Rodier, Hans C. Dringenberg

“…Postnatal sensory experience plays a significant role in the maturation and synaptic stabilization of sensory cortices, such as the primary auditory cortex (A1). …”
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Role of insulin-like growth factor-2 in Alzheimer’s disease induced memory impairment and underlying mechanisms by Ruiqi Chen, Xing Lu, Anqi Xiao, Junpeng Ma, Junpeng Ma

“…Insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF2), which is widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), has emerged as a crucial mechanism of synaptic plasticity and learning and memory, and many studies have indicated that this neurotrophic peptide is a viable candidate for treating and preventing AD-induced cognitive decline. …”
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Chronic Mild Stress Modulates Activity-Dependent Transcription of BDNF in Rat Hippocampal Slices by Raffaella Molteni, Andrea C. Rossetti, Elisa Savino, Giorgio Racagni, Francesca Calabrese

“…Being the activity-regulated transcription a critical process in synaptic and neuronal plasticity, the different regulation of individual BDNF promoters may contribute to long-lasting changes, which are fundamental for the vulnerability of the hippocampus to stress-related diseases.…”
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Neuroligin-3 R451C induces gain-of-function gene expression in astroglia in an astroglia-enriched brain organoid model by Rui Dang, Mridul Dalmia, Ziyuan Ma, Mengmeng Jin, Kushal Aluru, Vincent R. Mirabella, Ava V. Papetti, Li Cai, Peng Jiang

“…Our RNA sequencing analysis reveals that astroglia developed within these organoids exhibit advanced developmental characteristics and enhanced synaptic functions compared to those grown under traditional two-dimensional conditions, particularly highlighted by increased neurexin (NRXN)-neuroligin (NLGN) signaling. …”
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Mutual coupling of neurons in the circadian master clock: What we can learn from fruit flies by Charlotte Helfrich-Förster, Nils Reinhard

“…Here, we review the organization of the bilateral master clocks in the fly brain, with a focus on synaptic and paracrine connections between the multiple clock neurons, in comparison with other insects and mammals.…”
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Minimal presynaptic protein machinery governing diverse kinetics of calcium-evoked neurotransmitter release by Dipayan Bose, Manindra Bera, Christopher A. Norman, Yulia Timofeeva, Kirill E. Volynski, Shyam S. Krishnakumar

“…Abstract Neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles with remarkable precision in response to presynaptic calcium influx but exhibit significant heterogeneity in exocytosis timing and efficacy based on the recent history of activity. …”
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Molecular Mechanisms Linking Omega-3 Fatty Acids and the Gut–Brain Axis by Anna Zinkow, Wojciech Grodzicki, Malwina Czerwińska, Katarzyna Dziendzikowska

“…In the CNS, EPA and DHA support neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and neurotransmission, improving cognitive functions. …”
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Consumption of a High-Fat Diet Alters Perineuronal Nets in the Prefrontal Cortex by P. M. Dingess, J. H. Harkness, M. Slaker, Z. Zhang, S. S. Wulff, B. A. Sorg, T. E. Brown

“…One structure of interest is the perineuronal net (PNN), a specialized extracellular matrix surrounding, primarily, parvalbumin-containing GABAergic interneurons. PNNs contribute to synaptic stabilization, protect against oxidative stress, regulate the ionic microenvironment within cells, and modulate regional excitatory output. …”
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Overexpression of SFPQ Improves Cognition and Memory in AD Mice by Jinshan Tie, Hongxiang Wu, Wei Liu, Yuying Li, Lu Li, Suju Zhao, Zhijiao Yuan, Khan Mahmood, Shaochun Chen, Huidong Wu

“…The results demonstrate that SFPQ overexpression improves recognition and memory in AD mice, while reducing AD-related marker proteins such as amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Tau. Additionally, synaptic and memory-associated proteins, as well as antioxidant proteins like glutathione S-transferase (GST) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), were upregulated. …”
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Ketamine does not rescue plaque load or gap detection in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by Alexa L. Wright, Aldis P. Weible, Olivia B. Estes, Michael Wehr

“…Recent evidence suggests that early sensory and behavioral deficits in Alzheimer's disease could be caused by synaptic disruption that occurs before irreversible neuropathology. …”
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An enriched environment promotes cognitive recovery and cerebral blood flow in aged mice under sevoflurane anaesthesia by Wenfeng Gao, Wenji Xie, Wenqin Xie, Changcheng Jiang, Zhenming Kang, Naizhen Liu

“…The proangiogenic factors (CD31, angiopoietin-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and N-cadherin) and neurotrophic (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, post-synaptic density protein 95) expression in hippocampus of aged mice were evaluated by Western blotting and RT-PCR analysis. …”
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Unveiling the biological effects of radio-frequency and extremely-low frequency electromagnetic fields on the central nervous system performance by Ramin Eskandani, Mohammad Ismail Zibaii

“…Moreover, ELF-EMR exposure alters hippocampal function, notch signaling pathways, the antioxidant defense system, and synaptic activities. Conclusion: The RF-EMR and ELF-EMF exposures exhibit both beneficial and adverse effects. …”
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Salivary Metabolomics of Well and Poorly Controlled Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes by Sompop Bencharit, James Carlson, Warren C. Byrd, Escher L. Howard-Williams, Jackson T. Seagroves, Susan McRitchie, John B. Buse, Susan Sumner

“…Samples were spiked using an isotopically labeled internal standard and analyzed by UPLC-TOF-MS using a Waters SYNAPT G2-Si mass spectrometer. Results. Unsupervised principal components analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares regression discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to define unique metabolomic profiles associated with well and poorly controlled diabetes based on A1C levels. …”
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Methyl-Arginine Profile of Brain from Aged PINK1-KO+A53T-SNCA Mice Suggests Altered Mitochondrial Biogenesis by Georg Auburger, Suzana Gispert, Nadine Brehm

“…The strongest effects were documented for the adhesion modulator CMAS, the mRNA decapping/deadenylation factor PATL1, and the synaptic plasticity mediator CRTC1/TORC1. In addition, an intriguing effect was observed for the splicing factor PSF/SFPQ, known to interact with the dopaminergic differentiation factor NURR1 as well as with DJ-1, the protein responsible for the autosomal recessive PARK7 variant of PD. …”
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Intracellular Ca2+ Stores and Ca2+ Influx Are Both Required for BDNF to Rapidly Increase Quantal Vesicular Transmitter Release by Michelle D. Amaral, Lucas Pozzo-Miller

“…Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is well known as a survival factor during brain development as well as a regulator of adult synaptic plasticity. One potential mechanism to initiate BDNF actions is through its modulation of quantal presynaptic transmitter release. …”
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