Maternal Aerobic Exercise during Pregnancy Can Increase Spatial Learning by Affecting Leptin Expression on Offspring's Early and Late Period in Life Depending on Gender by Ayfer Dayi, Sinem Agilkaya, Seda Ozbal, Ferihan Cetin, Ilkay Aksu, Celal Gencoglu, Sultan Cingoz, Cetın Pekcetin, Kazim Tugyan, Berkant Muammer Kayatekin, Nazan Uysal

“…Leptin is an adipocytokine which is secreted from adipose tissues and has positive effects on learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity. In this study, pregnant rats were moderately exercised and we observed the effects of this aerobic exercise on their prepubertal and adult offsprings' spatial learning, hippocampal neurogenesis, and expression of leptin. …”
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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Review of Recent Advancements by Andrea Gomez Palacio Schjetnan, Jamshid Faraji, Gerlinde A. Metz, Masami Tatsuno, Artur Luczak

“…The pathological processes following stroke may provide an exemplary system to investigate how tDCS promotes neuronal plasticity and functional recovery. Changes in synaptic function after stroke, such as reduced excitability, formation of aberrant connections, and deregulated plastic modifications, have been postulated to impede recovery from stroke. …”
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Human iPSC-derived microglial cells protect neurons from neurodegeneration in long-term cultured adhesion brain organoids by Xianwei Chen, Guoqiang Sun, Lizhao Feng, E Tian, Yanhong Shi

“…Furthermore, we showed that microglia in the LT-ABO could protect neurons from neurodegeneration by increasing synaptic density and reducing p-Tau level and cell death in the LT-ABO. …”
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Localized molecular chaperone synthesis maintains neuronal dendrite proteostasis by Célia Alecki, Javeria Rizwan, Phuong Le, Suleima Jacob-Tomas, Mario Fernandez Comaduran, Morgane Verbrugghe, Jia Ming Stella Xu, Sandra Minotti, James Lynch, Jeetayu Biswas, Tad Wu, Heather D. Durham, Gene W. Yeo, Maria Vera

“…However, this is challenging in neuronal projections because of their polarized morphology and constant synaptic proteome remodeling. Using high-resolution fluorescence microscopy, we discover that hippocampal and spinal cord motor neurons of mouse and human origin localize a subset of chaperone mRNAs to their dendrites and use microtubule-based transport to increase this asymmetric localization following proteotoxic stress. …”
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Cerebral Responses to Acupuncture at GV24 and Bilateral GB13 in Rat Models of Alzheimer’s Disease by Shaoyang Cui, Mingzhu Xu, Jianting Huang, Qing Mei Wang, Xinsheng Lai, Binbin Nie, Baoci Shan, Xun Luo, John Wong, Chunzhi Tang

“…The observed effects of acupuncture may be caused by regulating the distribution of certain kinds of neurotransmitters and enhancing synaptic plasticity.…”
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Proton Pump Inhibitors and Dementia: Physiopathological Mechanisms and Clinical Consequences by Gloria Ortiz-Guerrero, Diana Amador-Muñoz, Carlos Alberto Calderón-Ospina, Daniel López-Fuentes, Mauricio Orlando Nava Mesa

“…Further, AD is characterized by selective synaptic and neuronal degeneration, vascular dysfunction, and two histopathological features: extracellular amyloid plaques composed of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles formed by hyperphosphorylated tau protein. …”
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Integrative multiomics reveals common endotypes across PSEN1, PSEN2, and APP mutations in familial Alzheimer’s disease by Phoebe Valdes, Andrew B. Caldwell, Qing Liu, Michael Q. Fitzgerald, Srinivasan Ramachandran, Celeste M. Karch, Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN), Douglas R. Galasko, Shauna H. Yuan, Steven L. Wagner, Shankar Subramaniam

“…Results We identified common disease endotypes, such as dedifferentiation, dysregulation of synaptic signaling, repression of mitochondrial function and metabolism, and inflammation. …”
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Electronic ferroelectricity in monolayer graphene moiré superlattices by Le Zhang, Jing Ding, Hanxiao Xiang, Naitian Liu, Wenqiang Zhou, Linfeng Wu, Na Xin, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Shuigang Xu

“…Furthermore, we demonstrate the applications of this ferroelectric moiré structures in multi-state nonvolatile data storage with high retention and the emulation of versatile synaptic behaviors. Our work not only provides insights into the fundamental understanding of ferroelectricity, but also demonstrates the potential of graphene for high-speed and multi-state nonvolatile memory applications.…”
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Human APP Gene Expression Alters Active Zone Distribution and Spontaneous Neurotransmitter Release at the Drosophila Larval Neuromuscular Junction by Ekaterina A. Saburova, Alexander N. Vasiliev, Violetta V. Kravtsova, Elena V. Ryabova, Andrey L. Zefirov, Olga I. Bolshakova, Svetlana V. Sarantseva, Igor I. Krivoi

“…Human APP gene expression increased the number of synaptic boutons per neuromuscular junction. The total number of active zones, detected by Bruchpilot protein puncta distribution, remained unchanged; however, the average number of active zones per bouton decreased. …”
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A Biopsychosocial Overview of Speech Disorders: Neuroanatomical, Genetic, and Environmental Insights by Diya Jaishankar, Tanvi Raghuram, Bhuvanesh Kumar Raju, Divyanka Swarna, Shriya Parekh, Narendra Chirmule, Vikramsingh Gujar

“…Genetic studies have identified key genes involved in neural migration and synaptic connectivity, further elucidating the role of genetic mutations in speech disorders, such as stuttering and speech sound disorders. …”
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Dysfunction of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases in Alzheimer's Disease by William Z. Suo, Longxuan Li

“…The deficiency of GRK5, on the other hand, impairs presynaptic M2 autoreceptor desensitization, which leads to a reduced acetylcholine release, axonal/synaptic degenerative changes, and associated amnestic, mild cognitive impairment. …”
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Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition as a novel treatment for stroke by Jiahong Zhong, Xihui Yu, Zhuomiao Lin

“…Additionally, the utilization of phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors can enhance synaptic plasticity within the neural circuitry, regulate cellular metabolism, and prevent secondary brain injury caused by impaired blood flow. …”
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A prospective hospital-based study on C-reactive protein as a response predictor of antidepressant treatment in drug naïve patients with major depressive disorder by Didakamiwan Khonglah, Arghya Pal, Nitu Mallik, Debes Ray, Malay Ghosal, Rudraprasad Acharya

“…Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase reactant that is implicated in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD), due to its role in the execution of various important neurological events, including neurogenesis, mediation of neural plasticity, and synaptic transmission. Aims: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the level of CRP to remission rates after antidepressant therapy. …”
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The compound (E)-2-(3,4-dihydroxystyryl)-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one alleviates neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease by Xueyan Liu, Wei Wu, Xuejuan Li, Chengyan Wang, Ke Chai, Fanru Yuan, Huijuan Zheng, Yuxing Yao, Chenlu Li, Zu-Cheng Ye, Daijun Zha

“…D30 also reversed the fibrillar amyloid-β–induced loss of dendritic spines and synaptic protein expression. Notably, we demonstrated that exogenous fibrillar amyloid-β introduced by intracerebroventricular injection greatly increased galectin-3 expression levels in the brain, and this increase was blocked by D30. …”
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The Role of Insulin, Insulin Growth Factor, and Insulin-Degrading Enzyme in Brain Aging and Alzheimer's Disease by Claude Messier, Kevin Teutenberg

“…Recent data point to changes in the insulin receptor cascade in obesity-related insulin resistance, suggesting that brain insulin receptors also become less sensitive to insulin, which could reduce synaptic plasticity. Insulin transport to the brain is reduced in aging and in some animal models of type 2 diabetes; brain insulin resistance may be present as well. …”
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Altered ERK1/2 Signaling in the Brain of Learned Helpless Rats: Relevance in Vulnerability to Developing Stress-Induced Depression by Yogesh Dwivedi, Hui Zhang

“…Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2- (ERK1/2-) mediated cellular signaling plays a major role in synaptic and structural plasticity. Although ERK1/2 signaling has been shown to be involved in stress and depression, whether vulnerability to develop depression is associated with abnormalities in ERK1/2 signaling is not clearly known. …”
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Mapping and modeling age-related changes in intrinsic neural timescales by Kaichao Wu, Leonardo L. Gollo

“…Aging, often associated with cognitive decline, involves progressive neuronal and synaptic loss, reshaping brain structure and dynamics. …”
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Regulation of adult-born and mature neurons in stress response and antidepressant action in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus by Eri Segi-Nishida, Kanzo Suzuki

“…In mature granule neurons, the predominant cells in the DG, synaptic plasticity is suppressed by chronic stress. …”
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Nanoparticle Therapy Is a Promising Approach in the Management and Prevention of Many Diseases: Does It Help in Curing Alzheimer Disease? by Lamyaa M. Kassem, Nada A. Ibrahim, S. Ayesha Farhana

“…Gene delivery vehicles and nanocarriers including neurotrophic factors are promising therapeutics for many NDDs, and they can modulate neuronal survival and synaptic connectivity. Neurotrophic factors when integrated with the nanotechnological approaches can pass the BBB merely, representing a significant challenging track. …”
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DNMT3a Downregulation Ttriggered Upregulation of GABAA Receptor in the mPFC Promotes Paclitaxel‐Induced Pain and Anxiety in Male Mice by Lixia Tian, Xu‐Hui Li, Yu‐Long Zhao, Hui‐Yuan Yi, Xue‐Ru Liu, Rongrong Yao, Xue‐Mei Hou, Xuan Zhu, Fu‐Quan Huo, Tao Chen, Lingli Liang

“…Additionally, it reverses the PTX‐induced increase in inhibitory synaptic transmission in the pyramidal neurons of the mPFC. …”
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