Identification of Molecular Substrate for the Attenuation of Anxiety: A Step Toward the Development of Better Anti-Anxiety Drugs by Uwe Rudolph

“…Benzodiazepines augment the action of the inhibitory neurotransmitter g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at contact points between two nerve cells called synapses, points at which information is transmitted from one nerve cell to the next. Synaptically released GABA binds to postsynaptic GABAA receptors, thus causing an influx of negatively charged chloride ions into the postsynaptic neuron. …”
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Enhancing sleep quality in synucleinopathies through physical exercise by Jacopo Canonichesi, Laura Bellingacci, Francesco Rivelli, Alessandro Tozzi

“…During sleep, several crucial processes for brain homeostasis occur, including the rearrangement of synaptic connections, which is essential for memory formation and updating. …”
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The connecting brain in context: How adolescent plasticity supports learning and development by Amanda E. Baker, Adriana Galván, Andrew J. Fuligni

“…Puberty initiates significant neurobiological changes that amplify adolescents’ responsiveness to their environment, facilitating neural adaptation through processes like synaptic pruning, myelination, and neuronal reorganization. …”
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Schwann Cells in Neuromuscular Disorders: A Spotlight on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis by Kathryn R. Moss, Smita Saxena

“…This review explores the role of Schwann cells in ALS pathogenesis, highlighting their influence on disease progression through mechanisms involving demyelination, neuroinflammation, and impaired synaptic function. While Schwann cells have been traditionally viewed as peripheral supportive cells, especially in motor neuron disease, recent evidence indicates that they play a significant role in ALS by impacting motor neuron survival and plasticity, influencing inflammatory responses, and altering myelination processes. …”
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GABAergic Neuronal Precursor Grafting: Implications in Brain Regeneration and Plasticity by Manuel Alvarez Dolado, Vania Broccoli

“…GABAergic neuronal transplantation not only is efficacious to restore normal GABAergic activities but can also trigger or sustain high neuronal plasticity by promoting the general reorganization of local neuronal circuits adding new synaptic connections. These results cast new light on dynamics and plasticity of adult neuronal assemblies and their associated functions disclosing new therapeutic opportunities for the near future.…”
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MiRNAs as major players in brain health and disease: current knowledge and future perspectives by Sarika V. Kapplingattu, Sujata Bhattacharya, Yogita K. Adlakha

“…MicroRNA-135 (MiR-135) exhibits brain-specific expression, and performs various functions such as neuronal morphology, neural induction, and synaptic function in the human brain. Dysfunction of miR-135 has been reported in brain tumors, and neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. …”
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deutetrabenazine for the treatment of chorea associated with Huntington’s disease by Harshit Gupta, Wil Perkins, Cain Stark, Sathya Kikkeri, Juyeon Kakazu, Adam D. Kaye, Alan D. Kaye

“…Deutetrabenazine is thought to function as an inhibitor of the VMAT2 vesicular monoamine transporter resulting in decreased monoamine release, including dopamine, in the synaptic cleft which has a therapeutic effect in management of chorea. …”
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The Association of the GABRP Polymorphisms with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Hun-Soo Kim, Eun-Heui Jin, Ji-Su Mo, Hyeok Shim, Shin-Seok Lee, Soo-Cheon Chae

“…Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi (GABRP) is involved in inhibitory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. …”
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Where Environment Meets Cognition: A Focus on Two Developmental Intellectual Disability Disorders by I. De Toma, L. Manubens Gil, S. Ossowski, M. Dierssen

“…Two examples are Down Syndrome (DS) and Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), where global and local epigenetic alterations lead to impairments in synaptic plasticity, memory, and learning. Since epigenetic modifications are reversible, it is theoretically possible to use epigenetic drugs as cognitive enhancers for the treatment of IDDs. …”
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Preclinical and clinical study on type 3 metabotropic glutamate receptors in Parkinson’s disease by Luisa Di Menna, Marika Alborghetti, Maria Ilenia De Bartolo, Marina Borro, Giovanna Gentile, Manuela Zinni, Matteo Bologna, Carolina Cutrona, Giovanna D’Errico, Tiziana Imbriglio, Domenico Bucci, Sara Merlo, Roxana Paula Ginerete, Rosamaria Orlando, Federica Carrillo, Giorgio Fortunato, Milena Cannella, Maria Angela Sortino, Julien Pansiot, Olivier Baud, Ferdinando Nicoletti, Valeria Bruno, Maurizio Simmaco, Francesco Ernesto Pontieri, Edoardo Bianchini, Domiziana Rinaldi, Amalia de Curtis, Giovanni De Gaetano, Licia Iacoviello, Teresa Esposito, Alfredo Berardelli, Giuseppe Battaglia

“…Here we focused on mGlu3, a receptor subtype involved in synaptic regulation and neuroinflammation. mGlu3−/− mice showed an enhanced nigro-striatal damage and microglial activation in response to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). …”
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Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: the past, present and future by V. T. Ivashkin, Ye. A. Poluektova, O. S. Lyashenko, D. V. Reykhart

“…Agonists of peripheral opioid receptors normalize motility of gastro-intestinal tract and increase a threshold of pain sensitivity mediated by glutamate synaptic receptors of spinal cord posterior horns that prevents development of central and peripheral sensitization. …”
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Activity of the mammalian DNA transposon piggyBat from Myotis lucifugus is restricted by its own transposon ends by Alison B. Hickman, Laurie Lannes, Christopher M. Furman, Christina Hong, Lidiya Franklin, Rodolfo Ghirlando, Arpita Ghosh, Wentian Luo, Parthena Konstantinidou, Hernán A. Lorenzi, Anne Grove, Astrid D. Haase, Matthew H. Wilson, Fred Dyda

“…The cryo-electron microscopy structure of the piggyBat transposase pre-synaptic complex showed an unexpected mode of DNA binding and recognition using C-terminal domains that are topologically different from those of the piggyBac transposase. …”
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Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Mediates GABAA Receptor Trafficking to the Plasma Membrane of Spinal Cord Neurons In Vivo by Ellen D. Stück, Randolph N. Christensen, J. Russell Huie, C. Amy Tovar, Brandon A. Miller, Yvette S. Nout, Jacqueline C. Bresnahan, Michael S. Beattie, Adam R. Ferguson

“…The proinflammatory cytokine TNFα contributes to cell death in central nervous system (CNS) disorders by altering synaptic neurotransmission. TNFα contributes to excitotoxicity by increasing GluA2-lacking AMPA receptor (AMPAR) trafficking to the neuronal plasma membrane. …”
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Mitotic block and epigenetic repression underlie neurodevelopmental defects and neurobehavioral deficits in congenital heart disease by George C. Gabriel, Hisato Yagi, Tuantuan Tan, Abha Bais, Benjamin J. Glennon, Margaret C. Stapleton, Lihua Huang, William T. Reynolds, Marla G. Shaffer, Madhavi Ganapathiraju, Dennis Simon, Ashok Panigrahy, Yijen L. Wu, Cecilia W. Lo

“…This includes perturbation of REST transcriptional regulation of neurogenesis, disruption of CREB signaling regulating synaptic plasticity, and defects in neurovascular coupling mediating cerebral blood flow. …”
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Cognitive disorders: Potential astrocyte-based mechanism by Shiyu Li, Yeru Chen, Gang Chen

“…They have a unique significance in cerebral function because of their wide range of functions in maintaining homeostasis in the central nervous system, regulating synaptic plasticity, and so on. Dysfunction of astrocytes is intimately linked to cognitive disorders, and we are attempting to understand this phenomenon predominantly from those perspectives: neuroinflammation, astrocytic senescence, connexin, Ca2 + signaling, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the glymphatic system.…”
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Integrating molecular photoswitch memory with nanoscale optoelectronics for neuromorphic computing by David Alcer, Nelia Zaiats, Thomas K. Jensen, Abbey M. Philip, Evripidis Gkanias, Nils Ceberg, Abhijit Das, Vidar Flodgren, Stanley Heinze, Magnus T. Borgström, Barbara Webb, Bo W. Laursen, Anders Mikkelsen

“…Here, we show that donor-acceptor Stenhouse adduct dyes integrated with III-V semiconductor nano-optoelectronics have combined excellent functionality for bio-inspired neural networks. The dye acts as synaptic weights in the optical interconnects, while the nano-optoelectronics provide neuron reception, interpretation and emission of light signals. …”
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Aging disrupts the link between network centrality and functional properties of prefrontal neurons during memory-guided behavior by Yadollah Ranjbar-Slamloo, Huee Ru Chong, Tsukasa Kamigaki

“…A computational model simulating age-related declines in synaptic plasticity reproduces these results. In young adults, degree centrality also predicts cross-modal action-plan selectivity, but this predictive power diminishes with age. …”
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Placode and neural crest origins of congenital deafness in mouse models of Waardenburg-Shah syndrome by Jaime Tan, Alicia Duron, Henry M. Sucov, Takako Makita

“…Placode-specific Ednrb mutation also caused impaired hearing, resulting from deficient synaptic transmission. Our observations demonstrate the significant influence of genetic modifiers in auditory development, and invoke independent and separable roles for endothelin signaling in the neural crest and placode lineages to create a functional auditory circuitry.…”
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The Role of Neuroglia in the Development and Progression of Schizophrenia by Neha S. Rawani, Allen W. Chan, Kathryn G. Todd, Glen B. Baker, Serdar M. Dursun

“…In the present paper, we review the interactions of brain microglia, astrocytes and oligodendroglia with aspects such as transmitter dysregulation, neuro-inflammation, oxidative stress, synaptic function, the gut microbiome, myelination and the blood–brain barrier that appear to affect the cause, development and treatment of schizophrenia. …”
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Systematic dissection of pleiotropic loci and critical regulons in excitatory neurons and microglia relevant to neuropsychiatric and ocular diseases by Yunlong Ma, Dingping Jiang, Jingjing Li, Gongwei Zheng, Yao Deng, Xuanxuan Gou, Shuaishuai Gao, Cheng Chen, Yijun Zhou, Yaru Zhang, Chunyu Deng, Yinghao Yao, Haijun Han, Jianzhong Su

“…Functionally, excitatory neuron-specific regulons were involved in axon guidance and synaptic activity, while microglia-specific regulons were associated with immune response and cell activation. …”
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