Delta opioid receptors engage multiple signaling cascades to differentially modulate prefrontal GABA release with input and target specificity by Ryan P.D. Alexander, Kevin J. Bender

“…Thus, DORs engage differential signaling cascades to regulate inhibition depending on the postsynaptic target compartment, with different effects on synaptic information transfer in somatic and dendritic domains.…”
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Recurrent models of orientation selectivity enable robust early-vision processing in mixed-signal neuromorphic hardware by Valentina Baruzzi, Giacomo Indiveri, Silvio P. Sabatini

“…Compared to strictly feed-forward schemes, the model generates highly structured Gabor-like receptive fields of any phase symmetry, making optimal use of the hardware resources available in terms of synaptic connections and neuron numbers. Experimental results validate the approach, demonstrating how principles of neural computation can lead to robust sensory processing electronic systems, even when they are affected by high degree of heterogeneity, e.g., due to the use of analog circuits or memristive devices.…”
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Modulating Alkyl Groups in Copolymer to Control Ion Transport in Electrolyte‐Gated Organic Transistors for Neuromorphic Computing by Junho Sung, Minji Kim, Sein Chung, Yongchan Jang, Soyoung Kim, Min‐Seok Kang, Hee‐Young Lee, Joonhee Kang, Donghwa Lee, Wonho Lee, Eunho Lee

“…Electrolyte‐gated organic synaptic transistors (EGOSTs) have shed light on their potential in bioelectronics and neuromorphic computing. …”
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Delirious Mania Associated with Autoimmune Gastrothyroidal Syndrome of a Mid-Life Female: The Role of Hashimoto Encephalopathy and a 3-Year Follow-Up including Serum Autoantibody L... by Udo Bonnet, Claudia Selle, Ralf Kuhlmann

“…Diagnostic analyses found no evidence of limbic encephalopathies characterized by serum antibodies against intracellular, synaptic, or further cell surface antigenic targets, neoplasm, and connective tissue or vasculitis diseases. …”
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β-synuclein in cerebrospinal fluid as a potential biomarker for distinguishing human prion diseases from Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease by Bing Xu, Kang Xiao, Xiaoxi Jia, Rundong Cao, Donglin Liang, Ruhan A, Weiwei Zhang, Chunjie Li, Liping Gao, Cao Chen, Qi Shi, Xiaoping Dong

“…These findings have critical implications for early diagnosis and monitoring of synaptic integrity in prion diseases.…”
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The crucial role of 5hmC in neuroprotection and repair after cerebrovascular injury by Yanina Tsenkina

“…Additionally, it explores emerging evidence suggesting that 5hmC contributes to neurorepair by promoting neurogenesis, axonal regeneration, angiogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. Understanding the role of hydroxymethylation in cerebrovascular injury provides insights into potential therapeutic approaches for enhancing the brain’s innate mechanisms for protection and repair. …”
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Conserved multisensory integration of social cues in the thalamus by Lukas Anneser, Johannes Maximilian Kappel

“…These thalamic neurons control social behavior both via direct synaptic projections to other brain areas relevant for social behavior and by exerting brain-wide neuropeptidergic modulatory influence. …”
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Mixed representations of choice direction and outcome by GABA/glutamate cotransmitting neurons in the entopeduncular nucleus by Julianna Locantore, Yijun Liu, Jesse White, Janet Berrios Wallace, Celia Beron, Emily Kraft, Bernardo Sabatini, Michael Wallace

“…Neither manipulation produced detectable changes in behavior despite significant changes in synaptic transmission in the LHb, demonstrating that the outputs of these neurons are not required for ongoing action-outcome updating in a probabilistic switching task.…”
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Perfusion Imaging in Autoimmune Encephalitis by Deepak Vallabhaneni, Muhammad Atif Naveed, Rajiv Mangla, Awss Zidan, Rashi I. Mehta

“…Autoimmune encephalitis is caused by antibodies against neuronal synaptic receptors, surface proteins, or intracellular proteins. …”
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Emotional stress increases GluA2 expression and potentiates fear memory via adenylyl cyclase 5 by Qian Yang, Ahmad Abdulla, Muhammad Farooq, Yoshihiro Ishikawa, Siqiong June Liu

“…This pathway interacts synergistically with α1-adrenergic receptors to promote synaptic GluA2 expression in MLIs. At a behavioral level, predator odor stress potentiates associative fear memory, and this is abolished in AC5 knockout mice, suggesting that AC5-dependent plasticity is required for enhanced memory formation. …”
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Brain network and energy imbalance in Parkinson’s disease: linking ATP reduction and α-synuclein pathology by Hirohisa Watanabe, Sayuri Shima, Kazuya Kawabata, Yasuaki Mizutani, Akihiro Ueda, Akihiro Ueda, Mizuki Ito, Mizuki Ito

“…Cortical hubs, which are highly connected regions essential for coordinating multiple brain functions, require significant energy due to their dense synaptic activity and long-range connections. Deficits in ATP production in PD can severely impair these hubs. …”
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Neuregulin 1 improves cognitive deficits and neuropathology in an Alzheimer’s disease model by Jiqing Xu, Fred de Winter, Catherine Farrokhi, Edward Rockenstein, Michael Mante, Anthony Adame, Jonathan Cook, Xin Jin, Eliezer Masliah, Kuo-Fen Lee

“…Decreased expression of the neuronal marker MAP2 and synaptic markers PSD95 and synaptophysin in AD mice was significantly reversed. …”
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High-fat diet triggers transcriptomic changes in the olfactory bulb by Young-Kook Kim, Danbi Jo, Seoyoon Choi, Juhyun Song

“…Recent studies have focused on olfactory dysfunction in patients with obesity and diabetes accompanied by cognitive dysfunction, considering that the synaptic signal from the olfactory bulb is directly transmitted to memory consolidation–related brain regions. …”
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Augmenting flexibility: mutual inhibition between inhibitory neurons expands functional diversity by Belle Liu, Alexander James White, Chung-Chuan Lo

“…That is, multiple functions coexist for a single set of synaptic weights. Here, we develop a theoretical framework to explain how inhibitory recurrent circuits give rise to this flexibility and show that mutual inhibition doubles the number of cusp bifurcations in small neural circuits. …”
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Multidimensional free shape-morphing flexible neuromorphic devices with regulation at arbitrary points by Jiaqi Liu, Chengpeng Jiang, Qianbo Yu, Yao Ni, Cunjiang Yu, Wentao Xu

“…Each individual device component emulates essential synaptic functions for neural computing, while the collective ensemble replicates muscle actuation in response to efferent neuromuscular commands. …”
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Synapse Plasticity in Motor, Sensory, and Limbo-Prefrontal Cortex Areas as Measured by Degrading Axon Terminals in an Environment Model of Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) by Janina Neufeld, Gertraud Teuchert-Noodt, Keren Grafen, York Winter, A. Veronica Witte

“…We therefore investigated (pre)synaptic plasticity in various cortices of adult rodents, visualized by secondary lysosome accumulations (LA) in remodeling axon terminals. …”
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The Maternal Brain: An Organ with Peripartal Plasticity by Katharina Maria Hillerer, Volker Rudolf Jacobs, Thorsten Fischer, Ludwig Aigner

“…Also, there is growing evidence that pregnancy and lactation are associated with a variety of alterations in neural plasticity, including adult neurogenesis, functional and structural synaptic plasticity, and dendritic remodeling in different brain regions. …”
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Novel Strategies for the Improvement of Stem Cells’ Transplantation in Degenerative Retinal Diseases by Simona Delia Nicoară, Sergiu Șușman, Oana Tudoran, Otilia Bărbos, Gabriela Cherecheș, Simion Aștilean, Monica Potara, Olga Sorițău

“…However, their translation into the clinical realm is limited by various factors: the immunogenicity of the cells, the stability of the cell phenotype, the predilection of SCs to form tumors in situ, the abnormality of the microenvironment, and the association of a synaptic rewiring. To improve SCs based therapies, nanotechnology offers a smart delivery system for biomolecules, such as growth factors for SCs implantation and differentiation into retinal progenitors. …”
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The caterpillar Manduca sexta brain shows changes in gene expression and protein abundance correlating with parasitic manipulation of behaviour by McMillan LEM, Herbison RH, Biron DG, A Barkhouse, DW Miller, N Raun, Adamo SA

“…Other changes in gene expression and protein abundance suggest that synaptic transmission may be altered after wasp emergence, and a reduction in descending neural activity from the host’s brain provides indirect support for this hypothesis.…”
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Glucose metabolism impairment in major depressive disorder by Fanhao Meng, Jing Wang, Long Wang, Wei Zou

“…These impairments may result from mechanisms including insulin resistance, hyperglycemia-induced damage, oxidative stress, astrocyte abnormalities, and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to insufficient energy supply, altered synaptic plasticity, neuronal cell death, and functional and structural damage to reward networks. …”
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