Unsupervised Learning in a Ternary SNN Using STDP by Abhinav Gupta, Sneh Saurabh

“…Further, we show that a pair of dual-pocket Fully-Depleted Silicon-on-Insulator (FD-SOI) MOSFETs can be utilized to generate a current, which reduces exponentially with increasing duration of firing events between pre- and post-synaptic neurons. This current modulates the synapse’s conductance according to STDP. …”
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Immune Dysfunction in Tourette Syndrome by Ishraga Elamin, Mark J. Edwards, Davide Martino

“…The association between immunity and neurodevelopmental disorders has been extensively investigated in autism, suggesting a potential involvement of both cellular and humoral immunity in the establishment of synaptic connectivity modulation during development. …”
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Inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase and the Neuroprotective Function of Conjugated ZnO-Osthol Nanoparticles in Alzheimer’s Disease by Nahed S. Alharthi, Fahad M. Aldakheel, Abdulkarim S. Binshaya

“…Osthol treatment has also prevented synaptic proteins such as postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95), synaptophysin (SYP), and synapsin-1 from decreasing in APP-induced BE (2)-M17 cells. …”
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The Role of Glial Cells in the Pathophysiology of Epilepsy by Filiz Onat, My Andersson, Nihan Çarçak

“…Astrocytes regulate neuronal homeostasis, excitability, and synaptic plasticity, playing key roles in maintaining the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and mediating neuroinflammatory responses. …”
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Supraspinal facilitation of painful stimuli by glutamatergic innervation from the retrosplenial to the anterior cingulate cortex. by Shun Hao, Man Xue, Qi-Yu Chen, Jinjin Wan, Yu-Jie Ma, Wantong Shi, Xuanying Chen, Xu-Hui Li, Jing-Shan Lu, Fang Xu, Guo-Qiang Bi, Wucheng Tao, Min Zhuo

“…Although the projections from the RSC to the ACC have been found, the specifics of the synaptic connections and the functional implications of the RSC-ACC projections remain less understood. …”
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Astrocyte and Neuronal Plasticity in the Somatosensory System by Robert E. Sims, John B. Butcher, H. Rheinallt Parri, Stanislaw Glazewski

“…One form, termed coding plasticity, concerns changes in synaptic transmission and connectivity between neurons. …”
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Clocking In Time to Gate Memory Processes: The Circadian Clock Is Part of the Ins and Outs of Memory by Oliver Rawashdeh, Rex Parsons, Erik Maronde

“…Observations suggest important and largely unexplored roles of the clock gene protein PER1 in synaptic plasticity and in the daytime-dependent modulation of learning and memory. …”
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Noradrenergic Modulation of Cognition in Health and Disease by Olga Borodovitsyna, Matthew Flamini, Daniel Chandler

“…Norepinephrine released by the locus coeruleus modulates cellular processes and synaptic transmission in the central nervous system through its actions at a number of pre- and postsynaptic receptors. …”
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Paired Stimulation to Promote Lasting Augmentation of Corticospinal Circuits by Noam Y. Harel, Jason B. Carmel

“…The second form uses synchronized presynaptic inputs onto a common synaptic target. We dub this a “convergent” mechanism, because stimuli have to converge on a common target with coordinated timing. …”
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Spinal Excitability Changes after Transspinal and Transcortical Paired Associative Stimulation in Humans by Maria Knikou

“…These findings support the notion that transspinal and transcortical PAS has the ability to alter concomitantly cortical and spinal synaptic activity. Transspinal and transcortical PAS may contribute to the development of rehabilitation strategies in people with bilateral increased motoneuronal excitability due to cortical or spinal lesions.…”
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The Extracellular Environment of the CNS: Influence on Plasticity, Sprouting, and Axonal Regeneration after Spinal Cord Injury by Shmma Quraishe, Lindsey H. Forbes, Melissa R. Andrews

“…These developmentally regulated structures are maintained in the adult CNS and enhance synaptic stability. After injury, however, CSPGs and tenascins contribute to the structure of the inhibitory glial scar, which actively prevents axonal regeneration. …”
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A septo-hypothalamic-medullary circuit directs stress-induced analgesia by Devanshi Piyush Shah, Pallavi Raj Sharma, Rachit Agarwal, Arnab Barik

“…Together, we delineate a poly-synaptic pathway that can transform escape behavior in mice under restraint to acute stress into analgesia.…”
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Bifidobacterium breve BB05 alleviates depressive symptoms in mice via the AKT/mTOR pathway by Yanni Pan, Qingling Huang, Yuan Liang, Yuwuqi Xie, Fang Tan, Xingyao Long

“…Mechanistic analysis revealed that BB05 exerts antidepressant effects by activating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in the prefrontal cortex, promoting neuroprotection, neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity.DiscussionThese findings suggest that BB05, particularly at higher doses, effectively alleviates CUMS-induced depressive behaviors and improves physiological outcomes, supporting the use of probiotics as a potential treatment for depression by targeting the AKT/mTOR pathway.…”
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Sarcoglycans are enriched at the neuromuscular junction in a nerve-dependent manner by Michela Gloriani, Bianca Cheli, Chiara D’Ercole, Veronica Ruggieri, Marianna Cosentino, Mireia Serrat Pineda, Biliana Lozanoska-Ochser, Francesca Grassi, Marina Bouché, Luca Madaro, Carles Sánchez Riera

“…Here, we show that SGC proteins are enriched at the post-synaptic membrane of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). …”
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Impact of Time Delay in Perceptual Decision-Making: Neuronal Population Modeling Approach by Urszula Foryś, Natalia Z. Bielczyk, Katarzyna Piskała, Martyna Płomecka, Jan Poleszczuk

“…Using numerical simulations, we demonstrate that for small synaptic delays the decision-making process depends directly on the strength of supplied stimulus and the system correctly identifies to which population the stimulus was applied. …”
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SPICE-Level Demonstration of Unsupervised Learning With Spintronic Synapses in Spiking Neural Networks by Salah Daddinounou, Anteneh Gebregiorgis, Said Hamdioui, Elena-Ioana Vatajelu

“…Unlike conventional neuromorphic hardware that relies on simple weight mapping post-off-line training, our approach emphasizes continuous, unsupervised learning, ensuring an energy efficiency of 11.2nW per synaptic update during training and as low as 109fJ/spike during inference.…”
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Functional Role of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis as a Therapeutic Strategy for Mental Disorders by Heechul Jun, Syed Mohammed Qasim Hussaini, Michael J. Rigby, Mi-Hyeon Jang

“…Adult neurogenesis, the process of generating new neurons from neural stem cells, plays significant roles in synaptic plasticity, memory, and mood regulation. In the mammalian brain, it continues to occur well into adulthood in discrete regions, namely, the hippocampus and olfactory bulb. …”
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Enhancing proteasome activity by NMDAR antagonists explains their therapeutic effect in neurodegenerative and mental diseases by Fikret Sahin, Aslihan Gunel, Buse Turegun Atasoy, Ulku Guler, Bekir Salih, Isinsu Kuzu, Mehmet Taspinar, Ozgur Cinar, Selda Kahveci

“…In our mouse model experiment, ketamine administration notably altered brain synaptic protein profiles within two hours, significantly downregulating proteins strongly associated with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. …”
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Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha: A Link between Neuroinflammation and Excitotoxicity by Gabriel Olmos, Jerònia Lladó

“…Thus, the net effect of TNF-α is to alter the balance of excitation and inhibition resulting in a higher synaptic excitatory/inhibitory ratio. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which TNF-α links the neuroinflammatory and excitotoxic processes that occur in several neurodegenerative diseases, but with a special emphasis on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). …”
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Development and Structural Variety of the Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans-Contained Extracellular Matrix in the Mouse Brain by Noriko Horii-Hayashi, Takayo Sasagawa, Wataru Matsunaga, Mayumi Nishi

“…In adult mammals, CSPGs form the specialized ECM structure perineuronal nets (PNNs) that surround somata and dendrites of certain types of neurons. PNNs restrict synaptic plasticity and regulate the closure of critical periods. …”
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