Thy1-YFP: an effective tool for single cell tracing from neuronal progenitors to mature functionally active neurons by Ante Plećaš, Katarina Kapuralin, Leonarda Grandverger, Dinko Mitrečić, Ivan Alić

“…Expression of synaptic markers were increased during differentiation in vitro. …”
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Ultra-Low Static Power Circuits Addressing the Fan-Out Problem of Analog Neuron Circuits in Spiking Neural Networks by Jonghyuk Park, Woo Young Choi

“…In hardware-based spiking neural network (SNN) systems, neuron circuits face significant fan-out issues owing to their massively parallel connections to post-synaptic arrays, leading to distortion in the output spikes. …”
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Gamma Oscillations Facilitate Effective Learning in Excitatory-Inhibitory Balanced Neural Circuits by Kwan Tung Li, Junhao Liang, Changsong Zhou

“…We find that gamma oscillation is beneficial to synaptic potentiation among stimulated neurons by forming a special network structure where the sum of excitatory input synaptic strength is correlated with the sum of inhibitory input synaptic strength. …”
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Bio‐Inspired Neuromorphic Sensory Systems from Intelligent Perception to Nervetronics by Elvis K. Boahen, Hyukmin Kweon, Hayoung Oh, Ji Hong Kim, Hayoung Lim, Do Hwan Kim

“…This review delves into the intricate relationship between synaptic device technologies and neural network processing algorithms, highlighting their mutual influence on artificial intelligence capabilities. …”
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Local changes in potassium ions regulate input integration in active dendrites. by Malthe S Nordentoft, Naoya Takahashi, Mathias S Heltberg, Mogens H Jensen, Rune N Rasmussen, Athanasia Papoutsi

“…During neuronal activity, the extracellular concentration of potassium ions ([K+]o) increases substantially above resting levels, yet it remains unclear what role these [K+]o changes play in the dendritic integration of synaptic inputs. We here used mathematical formulations and biophysical modeling to explore the role of synaptic activity-dependent K+ changes in dendritic segments of a visual cortex pyramidal neuron, receiving inputs tuned to stimulus orientation. …”
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Linking Mitochondria to Synapses: New Insights for Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders by Freddy Jeanneteau, Margarita Arango-Lievano

“…The brain evolved cellular mechanisms for adapting synaptic function to energy supply. This is particularly evident when homeostasis is challenged by stress. …”
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Hypothermia improves neuronal network recovery in a human-derived in vitro model of oxygen-deprivation. by Eva J H F Voogd, Marloes Thijs, Marloes R Levers, Jeannette Hofmeijer, Monica Frega

“…We also studied the effects on the number of synaptic puncta and cell viability by immunocytochemistry. …”
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Bifurcation Analysis and Synchronous Patterns between Field Coupled Neurons with Time Delay by Li Zhang, Xinlei An, Jiangang Zhang, Qianqian Shi

“…Neurons encode and transmit signals through chemical synaptic or electrical synaptic connections in the actual nervous system. …”
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Maturation, Refinement, and Serotonergic Modulation of Cerebellar Cortical Circuits in Normal Development and in Murine Models of Autism by Eriola Hoxha, Pellegrino Lippiello, Bibiana Scelfo, Filippo Tempia, Mirella Ghirardi, Maria Concetta Miniaci

“…The regularity of the cellular and synaptic organization of the cerebellar cortex allowed detailed studies of the structural plasticity mechanisms underlying the formation of new synapses and retraction of redundant ones. …”
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Motor-Skill Learning Is Dependent on Astrocytic Activity by Ragunathan Padmashri, Anand Suresh, Michael D. Boska, Anna Dunaevsky

“…Motor-skill learning induces changes in synaptic structure and function in the primary motor cortex through the involvement of a long-term potentiation- (LTP-) like mechanism. …”
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Revealing and mitigating the inhibitory effect of serotonin on HRP-mediated protein labelling by Zora Chui-Kuen Chan, Cheng Qi, Yuanhong Cai, Xin Li, Jing Ren

“…This technique has significantly advanced neuroscience by revealing sub-synaptic protein networks, such as the synaptic cleft and post-synaptic density. …”
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Drosophila Torsin Protein Regulates Motor Control and Stress Sensitivity and Forms a Complex with Fragile-X Mental Retardation Protein by Phuong Nguyen, Jong Bok Seo, Hyo-Min Ahn, Young Ho Koh

“…Furthermore, there were no significant differences between synaptic morphologies of dfmrp null mutants and dfmrp mutants expressing DTor-RNAi. …”
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Evidence of Presynaptic Localization and Function of the c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase by Silvia Biggi, Lucia Buccarello, Alessandra Sclip, Pellegrino Lippiello, Noemi Tonna, Cristiano Rumio, Daniele Di Marino, Maria Concetta Miniaci, Tiziana Borsello

“…The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is part of a stress signalling pathway strongly activated by NMDA-stimulation and involved in synaptic plasticity. Many studies have been focused on the post-synaptic mechanism of JNK action, and less is known about JNK presynaptic localization and its physiological role at this site. …”
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Protocol to study chloride regulation in cultured mouse cortical neurons using electrophysiology by Vineeth A. Raveendran, Jessica C. Pressey, Melanie A. Woodin

“…Here, we present a protocol to study the regulation of cation-chloride cotransporters and the strength of synaptic inhibition in cultured mouse cortical neurons using electrophysiology. …”
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Mechanism of Electroacupuncture Quchi (LI 11) -Yanglingquan (GB 34) in Rats with Spasticity of Cerebral Apoplexy by Bin GUO, Penghan WANG, Linxing HUANG, Zhiqiang XIE, Lina XIE, Weiai LIU, Lizhen YI, Xin LIU, Zenghui YUE

“…The number of synaptic vesicles, the concave synapses increased, while the post-synaptic cell terminal cytoplasmic degeneration was significantly reduced compared with the model group. …”
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Capacitance Measurements of Exocytosis From AII Amacrine Cells in Retinal Slices by Espen Hartveit, Margaret Veruki

“…During neuronal synaptic transmission, the exocytotic release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic neuron evokes a change in conductance for one or more types of ligand-gated ion channels in the postsynaptic neuron. …”
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Long-Term Spatiotemporal Reconfiguration of Neuronal Activity Revealed by Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging in the Cerebellar Granular Layer by Daniela Gandolfi, Jonathan Mapelli, Egidio D’Angelo

“…Understanding the spatiotemporal organization of long-term synaptic plasticity in neuronal networks demands techniques capable of monitoring changes in synaptic responsiveness over extended multineuronal structures. …”
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Integrator or coincidence detector --- what shapes the relation of stimulus synchrony and the operational mode of a neuron? by Achilleas Koutsou, Jacob Kanev, Maria Economidou, Chris Christodoulou

“…We discover that the relationship between the two measures changes substantially based on the values of the parameters of the input (firing rate and number of spike trains) and the parameters of the post-synaptic neuron (synaptic weight, membrane leak time constant and spike threshold). …”
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Effects of Trace Metal Profiles Characteristic for Autism on Synapses in Cultured Neurons by Simone Hagmeyer, Katharina Mangus, Tobias M. Boeckers, Andreas M. Grabrucker

“…Thus, we conclude that balancing Zn levels in ASD might be a prime target to normalize synaptic alterations caused by biometal dyshomeostasis.…”
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Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus Is Associated with Changes in the Actin-Modulating Protein Synaptopodin and Alterations in Long-Term Potentiation in the Mouse Hippocampus by Maximilian Lenz, Marina Ben Shimon, Thomas Deller, Andreas Vlachos, Nicola Maggio

“…Here, we addressed the question of whether pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus affects synaptopodin (SP), an actin-binding protein, which regulates the ability of neurons to express synaptic plasticity. This makes SP an interesting marker for epilepsy-associated alterations in synaptic function. …”
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