A Pink Herring in the Colon: A Case Report of Eosinophilic Colitis Masking Invasive Adenocarcinoma of the Colon by David Malcolm Milne, Jason Rattan, Alyssa Muddeen, Amrit A. Rambhajan

“…Eosinophilic colitis is an inflammatory condition in which the wall of the colon becomes infiltrated by eosinophils which stain densely pink on microscopy. It is an uncommon clinical entity which has a long list of differential diagnoses. …”
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α-Synuclein fibrils enhance HIV-1 infection of human T cells, macrophages and microglia by Lia-Raluca Olari, Sichen Liu, Franziska Arnold, Julia Kühlwein, Marta Gil Miró, Ajeet Rijal Updahaya, Christina Stürzel, Dietmar Rudolf Thal, Paul Walther, Konstantin M. J. Sparrer, Karin M. Danzer, Jan Münch, Frank Kirchhoff

“…The enhancing effects of human brain extracts on HIV-1 infection correlated with their binding to Thioflavin T, a dye commonly used to stain amyloids. Our results suggest a detrimental interplay between HIV-1 and brain amyloids that may contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.…”
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Prevalence of Tinea Versicolor among Dormitory Students by Soheil Taherpouran, Ali Asadi Zeidabadi Asadi Zeidabadi, Arian Alhani, Ensieh Lotfali

“…The Scotch tape method was used to take samples from the infected skin of students, and methylene blue staining was used to prepare smears. Results: After mycological examinations, among the 350 suspected students, 30 cases tested positive for Tinea versicolor, including 17 males and 13 females. 43.3% (n: 13) of patients had hypopigmentation followed by hyperpigmentation (33.3%, n:10) and erythematous (23.3%, n:7). …”
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Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis Treated Successfully with Rituximab in a Renal Transplant Patient by Cindy Castrale, Wael El Haggan, Françoise Chapon, Oumedaly Reman, Thierry Lobbedez, Jean Philippe Ryckelynck, Bruno Hurault de Ligny

“…The patient was diagnosed LYG based on the cerebral biopsy showing perivascular infiltration of CD20-positive B-lymphocytes with granulomatous lesions and immunofluorescence staining with anti-EBV antibodies. With careful reduction of the immunossuppression combined with the use of rituximab, our patient showed a complete disappearance of LYG, and she is clinically well more than 4 years after the diagnosis, with good kidney function. …”
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A novel SEPT12 mutation, T96I, is associated with sperm head and annulus defects by Kuan-Ru Chen, Han-Yu Wang, Han-Yu Wang, Yung-Che Kuo, Yu-Chih Lo, Pao-Lin Kuo, Pao-Lin Kuo, Pao-Lin Kuo

“…The present study identified a novel SEPTIN12T96I mutation that causes male infertility. Immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of T96I sperm revealed co-localization of SEPT12 and SEPT7 in the obliquely positioned annulus. …”
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Establishment and Evaluation of a Rat Model of Non-Puerperal Mastitis by YIN Yulian, MA Lina, TU Siyuan, CHEN Ling, YE Meina, CHEN Hongfeng

“…On the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 28th days, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to analyze mammary tissue morphology. …”
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Development of an in vitro model to study muscle maladaptation to overtraining by Giuseppe Sirago, Clément Lanfranchi, Justin Carrard, Vincent Gremeaux, Nadège Zanou, Nicolas Place

“…Our proteomics data revealed many downregulated proteins pathways in s-OT including muscle contractile and mitochondrial pathways. Immunofluorescence staining also revealed disrupted F-actin structure and aberrant mitochondrial aggregation in response to s-OT. …”
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Oncolytic influenza virus enhances killing effect of gemcitabine against pancreatic cancer cells by MENG Zihe, MENG Zihe, XU Yongru, DENG Zhaoda

“…Multi-immunofluorescence staining was employed to analyze T cell infiltration and proliferation in the tumor tissues. …”
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Mechanism of Electroacupuncture Mediated Macrophages Infiltration on Dorsal Root Ganglion to Alleviate Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathic Pain by XIANG Hongchun, ZHANG Hong, LI Jing, LONG Man, LI Man, CAI Guowei

“…The "up and down" method was used to measure paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT); the hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe pathological characteristics of DRG tissues; immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the percentage of MCP-1 and CD68 immunopositive area in DRG tissues; Western blot method was used to detect the protein expression level of CD68, MCP-1, iNOS and IL-1β in DRG tissues, and transmission electron microscope was used to observe the ultrastructure of macrophages in DRG tissues.Results(1) PWMT: compared with the control group at the same time, PWMT in the model group decreased significantly at the 8th, 11th, 13th and 15th days (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05); compared with the model group at the same time, PWMT in the EA group increased significantly at the 11th, 13th and 15th days, and the differences were statistically significant (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05). (2) Histopathological features of DRG tissues: the inflammatory cells are nearly round in shape and blue-purple in color. …”
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Screening and identification of vascular endothelial cell targeting peptide in gastric cancer through novel integrated in vitro and in vivo strategy by Yan-ting Zhang, Sheng-hui Wang, Li Zhao, Hui-min Wang, Lin Wang, Rong-rong Shi, Si-chao Liang, Bao-feng Li, Bei Chen

“…In vitro immunofluorescence staining confirmed that the peptide CNTGSPYEC could specifically enrich in Co-HUVECs while showing no binding to normal vascular endothelial cells. …”
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Fu Tu Sheng Jin Rehabilitation Formula Mitigate Airway Inflammation, Mucus Secretion and Immune Dysfunction Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein by Wang BH, Yu KY, Zhang XN, Sun XH, Tang LL, Shi XL

“…Observe the pathological changes in lung tissues, expression of inflammatory factors, and mucins in different groups of mice using HE and PAS staining methods, as well as ELISA and RT-qPCR. Flow cytometry was used to detect T helper 17 (Th17)/regulatory T (Treg) cells and T helper 1(Th1)/T helper 2 (Th2) lymphocyte ratios and the proportions of conventional myeloid dendritic cells (cDCs), plasma cell-like DCs, CD80 and CD86 cells in mouse spleens.Results: HE and PAS staining showed that, compared to that in the normal group, the lung tissue of the D1 group mice showed a significant inflammatory damage response, whereas the D3 and D10 groups showed a gradual recovery trend. …”
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Effect of Chloroform Extraction Site of Jiangu Granule on Obteoblast Differentiation <italic>in Vitro</italic> via BMP2/Smad1/Runx2/Osterix Signaling Pathway by ZHOU Fen, SUN Yuqing, SUN Pan, ZHANG Chutian, YANG Juan, LIN Yanping

“…ObjectiveTo investigate whether the chloroform extraction site of Jiangu Granule could affect the differentiation of osteoblast <italic>in vitro </italic>via BMP2/Smad1/Runx2/Osterix signaling pathway.MethodsPrimary osteoblasts were extracted from the calvaria of BALB/c mice born less than 3 days old, and the extracted cells were identified by alkaline phosphatase staining; the third-generation osteoblasts in good growth condition were selected as experimental subjects. …”
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Effect of Electroacupuncture Prestimulation with Mental Tri-Needles on the Inflammatory Response of Hippocampus in Aged Rats with Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders by WANG Xiangfeng, HUANG Jinyan, LIU Wei, LUO Huiqin, WANG Guanhui, LIN Qin, CHEN Bin

“…Open field experiment and water maze test were used to evaluate the cognitive function; ELISA method was used to detect interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the plasma; HE staining was used to observe the cell morphology of hippocampal tissue; TUNEL staining was used to observe the apoptosis of hippocampal tissue; Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR were used to detect the protein content and mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in hippocampal tissue.Results(1) Cognitive function: compared with the control group and the anesthesia group, the time of staying in the central quadrant, the number of crossings of the quadrant, the number of standing ups, the total distance of swimming, the swimming speed and the number of platform crossings in the operation group significantly decreased, and the latency and the time of staying in the target quadrant were significantly prolonged (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05); compared with the operation group, the time of staying in the central square, the number of crossings of the quadrant, the number of standing ups, the total distance of swimming, the swimming speed and the number of platform crossings in the acupuncture group significantly increased, and the latency and the time of staying in the target quadrant were significantly shortened (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05). (2) Levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in plasma: compared with the control group, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α significantly increased in the anesthesia group, operation group and acupuncture group (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05); compared with the anesthesia group, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the operation group significantly increased (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05); compared with the operation group, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the acupuncture group significantly decreased (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05). (3) Morphology and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons: the most sever injury of hippocampal neurons occured in the operation group, showing as interstitial edema and a small amount of glial cell proliferation, while the injury of hippocampal neurons was slight and the morphology was relatively normal in the acupuncture group. …”
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Effect of Electroacupuncture Preconditioning on Inflammatory Factors of Rabbits after Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Mengli YAO, Xianghua CHEN, Zhaohui CHEN, Hai WANG

“…Objective:To observe the effects of electroacupuncture preconditioning on the pathological changes of spinal cord tissue and the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist(IL-1Rα)after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury, and to explore the protective mechanism of electroacupuncture on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits.Methods:A total of twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into the sham operation group, the model group and the electroacupuncture group according to the random number table method, with eight cases in each group.The model was made by Zivin method in the model group and the electroacupuncture group, the abdominal cavity was opened after intravenous anesthesia at ear margin, the abdominal aorta was exposed and temporarily clamped, and the rabbit model of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury was established after ischemia for thirty minutes.The model preparation and experimental animal treatment of the sham operation group were the same as those of the model group, however, the dissection was fully exposed without clamping the abdominal aorta.At thirty minutes before the induction of rabbit spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion model, SDZ-II electroacupuncture instrument was used to acupuncture bilateral"Xuanzhong"and"Yanglingquan"acupoints in the electroacupuncture group, intervention for thirty minutes.All rabbits were killed after intervention for twelve hours, and the L2-5 segments of spinal cord tissue were captured.HE staining method was used to observe the pathological changes of spinal cord tissues in the three groups; Immunohistochemical method was used to observe the localization and content changes of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the contents of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1Rα in serum before modeling and 4, 8, 12 hours after ischemia-reperfusion.Results:①HE staining results: compared with the sham operation group, the number of neurons in spinal cord tissue in the model group decreased, the color of nucleus and cytoplasm of cells became lighter, and the boundary of nuclear membrane was not clear.In severe cases, the nucleus dissolved or even nucleolus disappeared, there were transparent areas around cells, and axons showed different degrees of degeneration such as enlargement, swelling and disappearance; compared with the model group, the number of neurons in the electroacupuncture group increased, the structure of most neurons was clear, the atrophy degree of nucleolus and nucleus was light, only a small amount of cells became deformed and necrosis, the damage degree of cells were lighter, and the density of surviving neurons increased.②Immunohistochemistry results: compared with the sham operation group, the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α of spinal cord tissue in the model group were significantly increased(<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05);compared with the model group, the contents of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the spinal cord of rabbits in the electroacupuncture group were significantly decreased(<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05).③ELISA results: Before modeling, there was no significant difference in the three groups(<italic>P</italic>&gt;0.05);compared with before modeling, the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1Rα in serum of the three groups increased in different degrees at 4, 8 and 12 h after ischemia-reperfusion, with significantly significance(<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05);compared with the sham operation group at the same time, the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1Rα in the model group increased significantly at 4, 8 and 12 h after reperfusion(<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05);compared with the model group at the same time, the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in the electroacupuncture group decreased significantly at 4, 8, 12 h after reperfusion(<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05).Conclusion:Electroacupuncture pretreatment can effectively alleviate the pathological injury of spinal cord and has a good protective effect on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury, which may be related to inhibit the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and promote the expression of IL-1Rα.…”
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Novel complex medication containing medium chain triglycerides for the treatment of dry eye by T.N. Safonova, G.V. Zaytseva, K.Yu. Kravets, N.B. Polyakov

“…A complex medication containing medium chain TGs and carbomer for one month improved functional indices in group 1 patients compared with baseline (p &lt;0.05). Corneal staining grade 1 was reported in 94% of group 1 patients. …”
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Platelet-rich plasma combined with gypenosides for the treatment of psoriasis-like inflammation in mice by LI Dandan, WANG Bing, GE Yu, CHENG Hong, LI Mengxue, WANG Zhicheng, XIA Rong

“…The onset and severity of psoriasis-like inflammation in different treatment groups were evaluated by observing skin lesions, skin thickness and measuring PASI score. HE staining and Ki67 staining were used to evaluate the pathological changes and proliferation of keratinocytes in psoriasis-like skin lesions. …”
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Development and interpretation of a pathomics-driven ensemble model for predicting the response to immunotherapy in gastric cancer by Jing Wang, Zhe Li, Wei Wang, Md Tauhidul Islam, Xiaoyan Wang, Zhen Han, Zihan Li, Guoxin Li, Yuming Jiang, Taojun Zhang, Wenjun Xiong, Zepang Sun, Lequan Yu, Zhicheng Zhang, Xianqi Yang, Shengtian Sang, Alyssa A Guo

“…The aim of this study was to develop and validate a pathomics-driven ensemble model for predicting the response to ICIs in gastric cancer, using H&amp;E-stained whole slide images (WSI).Methods This multicenter study retrospectively collected and analyzed H&amp;E-stained WSIs and clinical data from 584 patients with gastric cancer. …”
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Southern Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scolytidae) by James R. Meeker, Wayne N. Dixon, John L. Foltz, Thomas R. Fasulo

“…SPB also carry, and introduce into trees, blue-stain fungi. These fungi colonize xylem tissue and block water flow within the tree, also causing tree mortality (Thatcher and Conner 1985). …”
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Sargentgloryvine Stem Water Extract Mediated Nrf2 Pathway Activation and HO-1 Upregulation by Zhaorong CHEN, Xiaoping CHENG, Jianfeng CHU, Jun PENG, Wei LIN

“…Morphologic changes of the cells were observed by microscopy, mRNA expression of Nrf2 were detected by Real-time PCR, and the protein expression was detected by protein electrophoresis and immunoblotting, Nrf2 translocation to nuclear was observed by immunofluorescence staining observation.Results:1 mg/mL of SSE treatment significantly enhanced Nrf2 gene transcription (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01). …”
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Unusual Initial Presentation of Herpes Simplex Virus as Inguinal Lymphadenopathy by Sarah A. Fleming, John G. Strickler

“…Histologic examination showed features consistent with viral lymphadenopathy, including florid follicular hyperplasia, monocytoid B-cell hyperplasia, and paracortical hyperplasia without extensive necrosis. Immunohistochemical stains for HSV antigens, using polyclonal anti-HSV I and II antibodies, demonstrate strong immunoreactivity for HSV in a small number of cells in the subcapsular sinuses, especially in areas with monocytoid B-cell hyperplasia. …”
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